Perrault Aux Prises Avec la Fontaine: Imitation, Compétition et Correction Dans Les Fables de Faërne (1699)

Known especially for his fairy tales, Charles Perrault is also the author of the Fables de Faërne (1699). In this French translation of the Neo-Latin volume Fabulae Centum (1564), written by the Italian humanist Gabriel Faerno, Perrault had to position himself against his renowned predecessor Jean de La Fontaine, who had been dominating fable literature for decades. Perrault could either imitate his famous example, or evade it, due to anxiety of influence. To illustrate this inner struggle, we systematically compare both authors’ fables, concentrating our analysis on versification (metre and rhyme), vocabulary and apostrophe. In our comparison, we constantly verify whether any of the resemblances could be attributable to other French, versified fable books read by both Perrault and La Fontaine. Occasionally, this seems to be the case for the anonymous collection L’Esbatement moral des animaux (1578).Vakpublicati

An Expressed Sequence Tag collection from the male antennae of the Noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis: a resource for olfactory and pheromone detection research

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nocturnal insects such as moths are ideal models to study the molecular bases of olfaction that they use, among examples, for the detection of mating partners and host plants. Knowing how an odour generates a neuronal signal in insect antennae is crucial for understanding the physiological bases of olfaction, and also could lead to the identification of original targets for the development of olfactory-based control strategies against herbivorous moth pests. Here, we describe an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) project to characterize the antennal transcriptome of the noctuid pest model, <it>Spodoptera littoralis</it>, and to identify candidate genes involved in odour/pheromone detection.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By targeting cDNAs from male antennae, we biased gene discovery towards genes potentially involved in male olfaction, including pheromone reception. A total of 20760 ESTs were obtained from a normalized library and were assembled in 9033 unigenes. 6530 were annotated based on BLAST analyses and gene prediction software identified 6738 ORFs. The unigenes were compared to the <it>Bombyx mori </it>proteome and to ESTs derived from Lepidoptera transcriptome projects. We identified a large number of candidate genes involved in odour and pheromone detection and turnover, including 31 candidate chemosensory receptor genes, but also genes potentially involved in olfactory modulation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our project has generated a large collection of antennal transcripts from a Lepidoptera. The normalization process, allowing enrichment in low abundant genes, proved to be particularly relevant to identify chemosensory receptors in a species for which no genomic data are available. Our results also suggest that olfactory modulation can take place at the level of the antennae itself. These EST resources will be invaluable for exploring the mechanisms of olfaction and pheromone detection in <it>S. littoralis</it>, and for ultimately identifying original targets to fight against moth herbivorous pests.</p

Préservation de la qualité des produits frais lors du transport à température maîtrisée. Contrat n° R01/07: Rapport final

L'objectif de ce projet AQS porte essentiellement sur la caractérisation des écoulements d'air autour et au sein des palettes poreuses ajourées utilisées pour le transport des produits horticoles frais. Cette porosité globale qui conditionne la ventilation des palettes résulte d'une part de l'ajourage surfacique des parois des cagettes et d'autre part de la porosité relative aux produits transportés. Afin de mieux caractériser l'incidence de chacun de ces deux paramètres, les recherches seront effectuées en deux étapes : -La première traite de l'incidence de l'ajourage surfacique des parois des palettes sur les écoulements d'air. Les palettes sont considérées comme des blocs poreux vides avec un taux d'ajourage surfacique de 15%. Ce taux est représentatif de celui utilisé par les transporteurs. -La seconde considère la présence des produits. Dans un cas comme dans l'autre, l'étude s'intéresse aux écoulements d'air autour et au sein des palettes, à leurs interactions ainsi qu'à l'homogénéité de la ventilation en fonctions des principaux paramètres: -aérodynamiques liés aux positions des bouches de soufflage et de reprise, de l'ajourage surfacique et volumique des palettes, à la présence des conduits de distribution et de la présence d'étagères imperméables à l'air dans les palettes et à la hauteur des palettes. - thermiques liés aux apports de chaleur par les parois ainsi que ceux apportés par la respiration des produits

Préservation de la qualité des produits frais lors du transport à température maîtrisée, rapport d'avancement n°3

Ce rapport est constitué de deux parties : -La première (Part A) concerne la part des travaux confiés au LET porte sur la modélisation et l'analyse des mécanismes de couplage entre les écoulements d'air et les transferts de chaleur. Il s'agit d'une approche développée sur une maquette à échelle réduite (1/10). -La deuxième (Part B) concerne la part des travaux réalisés par le Cemagref sur la caractérisation des écoulements d'air autour et au sein des palettes ajourées

Influence of Reynolds number synthetic jet dynamic in crossflow configuration on heat transfer enhancement

International audienc

INTERACTION OF A COLD WALL JET WITH A NATURAL CONVECTIVE FLOW IN A CONFINED OPENED CAVITY HT-FED04-56677

ABSTRACT The aim of this experiment was to analyze the interaction and the development of two flows in the rectangular confined cavity described in this paper. The first was a forced convective flow generated by injecting air at low temperatures inside the cavity in a horizontal direction through an opened area located in the cavity front. Inside this cavity, a natural convective plume was developed simultaneously. Different experimental techniques were used in order to describe either the mean and fluctuating air flow or the mean and fluctuating temperature field, and also to analyze the interaction between these two flows. Firstly, our set-up was validated with the free jet configuration: we obtained a well-known three-dimensional turbulent free jet. Without plume, analysis of the results showed that injection flow behavior corresponded to a characteristic 3D wall jet along the upper wall, with an 15400 injection Reynolds number. The Coanda effect maintained the jet along the upper wall. We determined the parameters of the main velocity law in relation to those detailed in the literature. After that, the main flow developed simultaneously in the longitudinal and vertical directions, so that a recirculation zone appeared. With the plume that developed over an obstacle, we observed that cold flow behavior changed, because of the combination of some of the main parameters: geometrical parameters, injection Reynolds number and temperature gradient between injected flow and plume. For example, with an injection Reynolds number equal to 15400, we measured the influence of the plume on the main flow through the changes in the dynamic and temperature profiles. Three regimes were obtained: the main flow was maintained and no natural convective plume was observed; the transitional regime was characterized by the main flow development along the obstacles, in spite of the development of the natural convective plumes; the natural convective flow modified the wall jet and unsteady classical natural convective &quot;mushrooms&quot; were observed. The topical results deal with the parametric study. We worked on a critical number characterizing the mixture of the jet and the plume. This number is defined as the ratio of the Grashof number to the Reynolds number of the mixture flow. When this critical value was exceeded, the natural convective plume was able to stop the inlet wall jet

Influence of multi-perforation synthetic jet configuration on heat transfer enhancement

International audienceThe multi-perforated wall of synthetic jets bas been analyzed to enhance heat transfer under laminar and turbulence cross-flow and for several dynamic configurations. To study the role of cross-flow and synthetic jet interactions, a dedicated experimental set-up was developed with convective heat transfer coefficients along the wall. Multi-perforated results were directly compared to single synthetic jet data. Sensitive parameters such as jet frequency, piston amplitude displacement and cross-flow velocity were determined. Heat transfer from the synthetic jet device can be amplified from 23 to as much as 175% depending on experimental conditions. The role of multi-perforating plate with regard to the single row configuration is clearly demonstrated. It is reinforced by continuous interaction between the main flow and synthetic jets