Le problème goth au IIIe siècle ap. J.-C. : perceptions et réalités, solutions et échecs militaires

Au coeur de la crise du IIIe siècle, l’Empire subit de toutes parts les assauts de Barbares soudainement plus nombreux et plus virulents. Parmi ces peuples se trouvaient les Goths, nouvellement arrivés, qui tinrent les Romains et leurs armées en échecs pendant vingt longues années. Face aux multiples défaites, parfois catastrophiques, et aux très nombreuses villes capturées et saccagées par les envahisseurs, ce mémoire se propose d’apporter une nouvelle approche à la compréhension des échecs dont les Romains firent l’expérience, mais aussi des solutions militaires qu’ils mirent en oeuvre face aux Goths au IIIe siècle. Les défaites majeures subies durant la décennie 250 sur le bas-Danube puis dans la région de la Mer Noire semblent pouvoir s’expliquer en partie par l’absence de connaissance qu’avaient Romains des Goths. Les premières victoires romaines significatives contre les Goths sous les règnes de Gallien puis Claude II ont été rendues possibles grâce à une évolution de la stratégie romaine face à cet ennemi, privilégiant l’emploi de la cavalerie et anticipant les schémas d’attaques des envahisseurs. Les décisions politiques et militaires d’Aurélien dans la région montrent que les Romains se sont enfin adaptés à la menace en modifiant leur perception des Goths, désormais mieux connus.At the very heart of the crisis of the Third Century, the Empire suffered all-out war from Barbarians, all of a sudden more numerous and eager than ever. Among these peoples were the Goths, recently arrived, who kept the Romans and their armies at bay for twenty long years. Considering the many defeats, sometimes catastrophic, and the numerous cities that fell and were sacked by the invaders, this work aims at developing a new approach to understanding the failures which the Romans experienced, as well as the military solutions they implemented against the Goths during the Third Century. The major defeats the Roman experienced during the decade 250 on the lower-Danube and then in the Black Sea region seem to partly find an explanation in the lack of knowledge the Romans had of the Goths. The first important Roman victories against the Goths under the reigns of Gallienus and after him Claudius Gothicus were made possible thanks to an evolution of the Roman strategy facing this enemy, including the promotion of the use of cavalry and the anticipation of the invaders’ attacking patterns. Aurelian’s political and military decisions in the region show that the Romans had at last adapted to the threat, changing the way they saw the now better-known Goths

The long-term fate of the hip arthrodesis: does it remain a valid procedure for selected cases in the 21st century?

Even in current orthopaedic practice, some cases are still not suitable candidates for hip replacement and hip fusion remains the only option in these highly selected patients. In this retrospective study we describe the long-term clinical outcome, quality of life and radiological evaluation of all adjacent joints in a cohort of 47 hip fusions. The main objective of our study was to show the long-term effects of a fusion. Thirty patients were analysed after an average of 18.2 years (range 6.2–30.5 years) with a mean SMFA of 31.2 (range 9–70). The VAS for pain for the fused hip was an average 1.9 (range 0–8), for the contralateral hip 2.0 (0–8), for the ipsilateral knee 2.0 (0–8), for the contralateral knee 1.8 (0–8) and for the lower back 3.6 (0–8). Average walking distance was 115 minutes (range 10–unlimited). Although the hip arthrodesis has lost popularity, it still is an option for the young patient with severe hip disorders, while leaving the possibility to perform a THA at a later stage. If the arthrodesis is performed with an optimal alignment of the leg, complaints from the adjacent joints are minimal, even in the long-term, and an acceptable quality of life can be obtained. We believe that in highly selected cases a hip fusion, even in current practice, is still a valid option

Knee Arthroplasty: Disabilities in Comparison to the General Population and to Hip Arthroplasty Using a French National Longitudinal Survey

International audienceBACKGROUND: Knee arthroplasty is increasing exponentially due to the aging of the population and to the broadening of indications. We aimed to compare physical disability and its evolution over two years in people with knee arthroplasty to that in the general population. A secondary objective was to compare the level of disabilities of people with knee to people with hip arthroplasty. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 16,945 people representative of the French population were selected in 1999 from the French census and interviewed about their level of disability. This sample included 815 people with lower limb arthroplasty. In 2001, 608 of them were re-interviewed, among whom 134 had knee arthroplasty. Among the other participants re-interviewed, we identified 68 who had undergone knee arthroplasty and 145 hip arthroplasty within the last two years (recent arthroplasty). People with knee arthroplasty reported significantly greater difficulties than the general population with bending forward (odds ratio [OR] = 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7, 12.6), walking more than 500 meters (OR = 6.0; 95% CI: 1.5, 24.7) and carrying 5 kg kilograms for 10 meters (OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.3, 16.4). However, the two years evolution in disability was similar to that in the general population for most activities. The level of mobility was similar between people with recent knee arthroplasty and those with recent hip arthroplasty. Nevertheless, people with recent knee arthroplasty reported a lower level of disability than the other group for washing and bending forward (OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.6 and OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.9, respectively). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: People with knee arthroplasty reported a higher risk of disability than the general population for common activities of daily living but a similar evolution. There was no relevant difference between recent knee and hip arthroplasties for mobility

ORIGINE ET PLACE DE LA MEDECINE KAMPO DANS LE JAPON D'AUJOURD'HUI

PARIS5-BU Méd.Cochin (751142101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF