Broken Chains of South Carolina

6th Chalmers Street, Charleston, SC is important because it is where the Antebellum slave trade was once located. It was the last known slave facility that bought and sold people in South Carolina. In the Slave Voyage Database shows that the Carolinas in North America with a total of 151,481 disembarked, making the Carolinas having the most disembarked from Africa. Many people only picture men when they think of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. While men did play a big part in the slave voyages, women were also very prominent during this time. The majority of ships that took sail had an abundance of women on them. Not only did most ships have many women aboard, there are many that had generously more women than there were men. One ship called the Saint Jose Diligente was entirely made up of women with 0% males. A big of the slaves that were transported were bought by Britain and Portugal. Britain And Portugal were going head to head trying to move into the new world or anywhere in the western hemisphere. Britain was the country to be second to Portugal being of the world.. Britain transported about 3.1 Million Slaves and Portugal transported about 5.8 Million. There were many ships that carried 50% or more children in a single voyage, and the amount of adults on the ship would be less than the amount of children. There were two ships that carried completely children one of which is unnamed, and the Amélia(4674) that arrived in the Caribbean. Besides these two ships there were other voyages that had 50% or more children, meaning that there were at times more children than adults, perhaps slavers found it easier to maintain children than adultshttps://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/historyfrombelow/1009/thumbnail.jp

Gendered endings: Narratives of male and female suicides in the South African Lowveld

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-012-9258-y. Copyright @ Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.Durkheim’s classical theory of suicide rates being a negative index of social solidarity downplays the salience of gendered concerns in suicide. But gendered inequalities have had a negative impact: worldwide significantly more men than women perpetrate fatal suicides. Drawing on narratives of 52 fatal suicides in Bushbuckridge, South Africa, this article suggests that Bourdieu’s concepts of ‘symbolic violence’ and ‘masculine domination’ provide a more appropriate framework for understanding this paradox. I show that the thwarting of investments in dominant masculine positions have been the major precursor to suicides by men. Men tended to take their own lives as a means of escape. By contrast, women perpetrated suicide to protest against the miserable consequences of being dominated by men. However, contra the assumption of Bourdieu’s concept of ‘habitus’, the narrators of suicide stories did reflect critically upon gender constructs

A higher effort-based paradigm in physical activity and exercise for public health: making the case for a greater emphasis on resistance training

It is well known that physical activity and exercise is associated with a lower risk of a range of morbidities and all-cause mortality. Further, it appears that risk reductions are greater when physical activity and/or exercise is performed at a higher intensity of effort. Why this may be the case is perhaps explained by the accumulating evidence linking physical fitness and performance outcomes (e.g. cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and muscle mass) also to morbidity and mortality risk. Current guidelines about the performance of moderate/vigorous physical activity using aerobic exercise modes focuses upon the accumulation of a minimum volume of physical activity and/or exercise, and have thus far produced disappointing outcomes. As such there has been increased interest in the use of higher effort physical activity and exercise as being potentially more efficacious. Though there is currently debate as to the effectiveness of public health prescription based around higher effort physical activity and exercise, most discussion around this has focused upon modes considered to be traditionally ‘aerobic’ (e.g. running, cycling, rowing, swimming etc.). A mode customarily performed to a relatively high intensity of effort that we believe has been overlooked is resistance training. Current guidelines do include recommendations to engage in ‘muscle strengthening activities’ though there has been very little emphasis upon these modes in either research or public health effort. As such the purpose of this debate article is to discuss the emerging higher effort paradigm in physical activity and exercise for public health and to make a case for why there should be a greater emphasis placed upon resistance training as a mode in this paradigm shift

Pediatric Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The Role of the Telecommunicator in Recognition of Cardiac Arrest and Delivery of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Background Telecommunicator CPR (T‐CPR), whereby emergency dispatch facilitates cardiac arrest recognition and coaches CPR over the telephone, is an important strategy to increase early recognition and bystander CPR in adult out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Little is known about this treatment strategy in the pediatric population. We investigated the role of T‐CPR and related performance among pediatric OHCA. Methods and Results This study was a retrospective cohort investigation of OHCA among individuals 8), the older age group was less likely to receive CPR before emergency medical services arrival (88% versus 69%, P=0.002). For those receiving T‐CPR, bystanders spent a median of 207 seconds (133–270) performing CPR. The median compression rate was 93 per minute (82–107) among those receiving T‐CPR. Conclusions T‐CPR is an important strategy to increase early recognition and early CPR among pediatric OHCA