PENGEMBANGAN MOBILE LEARNING GRAMMAR IMBUHAN BAHASA INDONESIA UNTUK MAHASISWA ASING

M-Learning (mobile learning) merupakan suatu pendekatan pembelajaran yang melibatkan device bergerak dimana pembelajar dapat mengakses materi,arahan dan aplikasi yang berkaitan dengan pelajaran tanpa dibatasi oleh ruang dan waktu, dimanapun dan kapanpun mereka berada. Dengan bermacam-macam budaya dan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang menempati 16 besar kekuatan ekonomi dunia, banyak orang asing datang ke Indonesia untuk mengunjungi tempat wisata, bekerja atau belajar. Dengan mempelajari bahasa Indonesia orang asing dapat berkomunikasi lebih mudah dengan masyarakat. Namun 85% mahasiswa asing di Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Universitas Gadjah Mada dan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta menghadapi kesulitan pemahaman tata bahasa imbuhan dalam proses belajar bahasa Indonesia. Aplikasi mobile learning tata bahasa imbuhan bahasa Indonesia berbasis android merupakan pilihan penulis untuk mengatasi masalah yang ada. Aplikasi mobile learning ini dikembangkan dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman java, Eclipse sebagai tools, dan dapat diakses dengan menggunakan smartphone android. Aplikasi ini terdiri dari pelajaran tentang imbuhan Prefiks (ber, men, ter, pen), Sufiks (an), Konfiks (men-kan, men-i, ke-an, per/pen-an) , latihan kuis dan tes. Aplikasi diuji dengan 30 mahasiswa asing, 100% mahasiswa menerima aplikasi EasyIndonesianGrammar, 92% mahasiswa merasa puas dan 93% mahasiswa mengatakan aplikasi memiliki antarmuka user friendly

Strategies D’adaptation Des Agropasteurs Aux Changementsclimatiques Dans La Commune Rurale De Diema (Mali)

La désertification et la dégradation des ressources naturelles induites par les changements climatiques pourraient exacerber l’insécurité alimentaire au Mali, en particulier dans les zones fragiles qui sont en déficit pluviométrique. C’est dans le but de contribuer à la résilience des agropasteurs face aux effets néfastes des changements climatiques que cette étude a été réalisée. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des enquêtes ménages ont été conduites au niveau de huit (8) villages de la commune rurale de Diéma par l’intermédiaire des fiches d’enquêtes individuelles auprès de 188 agropasteurs, des focus group dans chaque village et des entretiens avec les personnes ressources opérant dans la zone d’étude. Les données d’enquêtes ont été traitées à l’aide du logiciel SPSS (Statistical Package on Social Science) et du tableur Excel. Les résultats ont montré que les risques climatiques majeurs identifiés sont : la sécheresse, l’inondation, le déficit pluviométrique, les vents violents, la hausse des températures et la vague de chaleur avec respectivement les indice d’impact de 39, 35, 34, 24, 22, 21. Différentes stratégies ont été développées aussi bien par le passé que de nos jours pour faire face à ces risques climatiques. Ces stratégies comprennent le déstockage stratégique et la mobilité selon 40,4 % des enquêtés ; la conservation des fourrages selon 21.3 % des enquêtés et l’organisation de la pâture nocturne et la diversification des activités (le maraîchage, le petit commerce) selon 36,7 % des enquêtés. Mais elles demeurent moins efficaces. Pour aider les agropasteurs à se prémunir davantage des effets néfastes des changements climatiques, des options d’adaptation sont envisageables notamment la sécurisation de la mobilité pastorale, l’adoption des races résistantes à la sécheresse et la promotion des cultures fourragères.   Desertification and the degradation of natural resources induced by climate change could exacerbate food insecurity in Mali, particularly in fragile areas which are in deficit in rainfall. It is with the aim of contributing to the resilience of agro-pastoralists in the face of the adverse effects of climate change that this study was carried out. To achieve this objective, household surveys were conducted in eight (8) villages of the rural municipality of Diéma through individual survey sheets with 188 agro-pastoralists, focus groups in each village and interviews with resource persons operating in the study area. Survey data were processed using Statistical Package on Social Science (SPSS) software and an Excel spreadsheet. The results showed that the major climatic risks identified are: drought, flooding, rainfall deficit, strong winds, temperature rise and heat wave with respectively impact indexes of 39, 35, 34, 24, 22, 21. Different strategies have been developed both in the past and nowadays to deal with these climatic risks. These strategies include strategic destocking and mobility according to 40.4% of respondents; conservation of fodder according to 21.3% of respondents and organization of night grazing and diversification of activities (market gardening, petty trading) according to 36.7% of respondents. But they remain less effective. To help agro-pastoralists to protect themselves more from the harmful effects of climate change, adaptation options can be envisaged, in particular securing pastoral mobility, the adoption of drought-resistant breeds and the promotion of fodder crops

La Goutte : Aspects Cliniques Et Paracliniques

Objectif : Décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques et paracliniques de la goutte. Patients et méthode : Il s’est agi d’une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive menée sur une période de 7 ans allant de Janvier 2010 à Décembre 2016 portant sur les dossiers de patients hospitalisés pour la goutte dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU de Cocody à Abidjan en Côte d’Ivoire. Les patients ayant la goutte répondant aux critères de l’ACR ont été inclus dans l’étude. Résultats : Sur 2520 hospitalisations, 42 cas de goutte ont été recensés soit une fréquence hospitalière de 1,6%. Les hommes (85,7%) prédominaient avec un sex-ratio de 6. L’âge moyen était de 57 ans [29-84 ans]. L’HTA (57,1%), l’obésité (21,4%) et le diabète (11,9%) étaient les principaux facteurs de risque. Les patients consommaient de l’alcool dans 42,8 % des cas et le gibier dans 7,1% des cas. Les formes chroniques prédominaient dans 61,9% des cas, tandis que les formes aigues étaient à 38,1%. Les atteintes polyarticulaires représentaient 47,6%, les atteintes oligoarticulaires 35,7% et les formes monoarticulaire 16,7 % des cas. Ces atteintes touchaient préférentiellement les genoux 92%, les chevilles 52% et les orteils 40,5% (Gros orteils). Les formes chroniques étaient dominées par les tophi. Les géodes et les érosions étaient les principales images radiologiques. L’hyperuricémie était présente chez 71,4% des patients. Les cristaux d’urate de sodium ont été mis en évidence chez seulement 2 patients (4,7%). Conclusion: La goutte est rare en hospitalisation de rhumatologie au CHU de Cocody. Elle prédomine chez le sujet masculin. Les formes chroniques étaient dominées par les tophi. Les cristaux d’urate de sodium étaient rarement mis en évidence. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of gout. Patients and method: This was a retrospective study for descriptive purposes conducted over a period of 7 years from January 2010 to December 2016 on the files of patients hospitalized for gout in the rheumatology department of the CHU de Cocody in Abidjan in Ivory Cost. Patients with gout meeting the ACR criteria were included in the study. Results: Out of 2,520 hospitalizations, 42 cases of gout were identified, representing a hospital frequency of 1.6%. Males (85.7%) predominated with a sex ratio of 6. The average age was 57 years [29-84 years]. Hight blood tension (57.1%), obesity (21.4%) and diabetes (11.9%) were the main risk factors. Patients consumed alcohol in 42.8% of the cases and game in 7.1% of the cases. Chronic forms predominated in 61.9% of cases, while acute forms were 38.1%. Polyarticular damage represents 47.6%, oligoarticular damage 35.7% and monoarticular forms 16.7% of cases. These disorders preferentially affected the knees 92%, the ankles 52% and the toes 40.5% (Big toes). Chronic forms were dominated by tophi. Geodes and erosion were the main radiological images. Hyperuricemia was present in 71.4% of the patients. Sodium urate crystals were detected in only 2 patients (4.7%). Conclusion: Gout is rare in rheumatology hospitalization at the Cocody University Hospital. It predominates in the male subject. Chronic forms were dominated by tophi. Sodium urate crystals were rarely identified

Increase in EPI vaccines coverage after implementation of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infant with Sulfadoxine -pyrimethamine in the district of Kolokani, Mali: Results from a cluster randomized control trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Even though the efficacy of Intermittent Preventive Treatment in infants (IPTi) with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) against clinical disease and the absence of its interaction with routine vaccines of the Expanded Immunization Programme (EPI) have been established, there are still some concerns regarding the addition of IPTi, which may increase the work burden and disrupt the routine EPI services especially in Africa where the target immunization coverage remains to be met. However IPTi may also increase the adherence of the community to EPI services and improve EPI coverage, once the benefice of strategy is perceived.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To assess the impact of IPTi implementation on the coverage of EPI vaccines, 22 health areas of the district of Kolokani were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to either receive IPTi-SP or to serve as a control. The EPI vaccines coverage was assessed using cross-sectional surveys at baseline in November 2006 and after one year of IPTi pilot-implementation in December 2007.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At baseline, the proportion of children of 9-23 months who were completely vaccinated (defined as children who received BGG, 3 doses of DTP/Polio, measles and yellow fever vaccines) was 36.7% (95% CI 25.3% -48.0%). After one year of implementation of IPTi-SP using routine health services, the proportion of children completely vaccinated rose to 53.8% in the non intervention zone and 69.5% in the IPTi intervention zone (P <0.001).</p> <p>The proportion of children in the target age groups who received IPTi with each of the 3 vaccinations DTP2, DTP3 and Measles, were 89.2% (95% CI 85.9%-92.0%), 91.0% (95% CI 87.6% -93.7%) and 77.4% (95% CI 70.7%-83.2%) respectively. The corresponding figures in non intervention zone were 2.3% (95% CI 0.9% -4.7%), 2.6% (95% CI 1.0% -5.6%) and 1.7% (95% CI 0.4% - 4.9%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study shows that high coverage of the IPTi can be obtained when the strategy is implemented using routine health services and implementation results in a significant increase in coverage of EPI vaccines in the district of Kolokani, Mali.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00766662">NCT00766662</a></p

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Farmers’ Preferences for Genetic Resources of Kersting’s Groundnut [Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal and Baudet] in the Production Systems of Burkina Faso and Ghana

Pulses play important roles in providing proteins and essential amino-acids, and contribute to soils&rsquo; nutrients cycling in most smallholder farming systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). These crops can be promoted to meet food and nutrition security goals in low-income countries. Here, we investigated the status of Kersting&rsquo;s groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum, Fabaceae), a neglected pulse in West Africa. We explored its diversity, the production systems, the production constraints and farmers&rsquo; preferences in Burkina Faso and Ghana. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted in 39 villages with 86 respondents grouped in five sociolinguistic groups. Our results indicated that Macrotyloma geocarpum was produced in three cultivation systems: in the first system, farmers grew Kersting&rsquo;s groundnut in fields, mostly on mounds or on ridges; in the second system, farmers grew it as field border; and in the third system, no clear tillage practice was identified. The main constraints of those farming systems included: difficulty to harvest, the lack of manpower and the damage due to high soil humidity at the reproductive stage. A total of 62 samples were collected and clustered in six landraces based on seed coat colors including cream, white mottled with black eye, white mottled with greyed orange eye, black, brown mottled, and brown. All six groups were found in the southern-Sudanian zone whereas only white mottled with black eye and black colors were found in the northern-Sudanian zone. The white mottled with black eye landrace was commonly known and widely grown by farmers. Farmers&rsquo; preferences were, however, influenced by sociolinguistic membership and the most preferred traits included high yielding, drought tolerance, and resistance against beetles. These findings offer an avenue to develop a relevant breeding research agenda for promoting Kersting&rsquo;s groundnut in Burkina Faso and Ghana

C48 - Étude de la délivrance des contraceptifs d’urgence par le personnel des officines de pharmacie à Bamako.

Contexte : Le désir des femmes de ne pas contracter de grossesses non désirées est un des facteurs motivant le recours à la contraception d’urgence dans les officines de pharmacie. L’objectif était d’étudier la délivrance des contraceptifs d’urgence dans les officines de pharmacie de Bamako au Mali. Méthodologie : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale réalisée du 15 Septembre 2021 au 15 Mars 2022. Les clients venus pour achat de contraceptifs d’urgence et le personnel en service dans les officines, ayant accepté de participer à l’étude ont été inclus. Les données collectées par interview, ont été saisies et analysées sur SPSS 22.0. Résultats : Au total, 78 clients et 100 dispensateurs ont été inclus. Les clients étaient en majorité célibataires (52,6%) avec un niveau d’instruction « supérieur » (48,7%) et avaient entre 21-30ans (80,8%). Malgré le monopole des pharmaciens sur la vente des produits contraceptifs, la Loi n°02-044/ du 24 juin 2002 relative à la santé de la reproduction ne précise pas les modalités de délivrance (avec ou sans prescription médicale) dans les officines et les tranches d’âge autorisées d’accès. Plus de la moitié des utilisatrices (55,2%) avaient eu recours à la contraception d’urgence dans les 24heures suivant l’acte sexuel. Le lévonorgestrel Postpill® était la principale spécialité pharmaceutique vendue (36,2%). Certaines utilisatrices ont rapporté des effets secondaires (18,8%). Par ailleurs, les dispensateurs (82%) ne prodiguaient pas de conseils aux clients. Conclusion : La délivrance des contraceptifs d’urgence doit être encadrée dans les officines de pharmacie afin de promouvoir leur usage rationnel

Regresso ao incêndio de um fundo de arquivos em Kayes (Mali): desafios sociais, científicos e políticos

International audienceEntretien avec Marie Rodet, maîtresse de conférences en histoire africaine à la School of Oriental and African Studies, Université de Londres, Aïssatou Mbodj-Pouye , chargée de recherche en anthropologie au Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), France, Mamadou Sène Cissé, archiviste sur le projet de sauvetage des archives du cercle de Kayes 2009-2010, secrétaire général de l’association malienne Donkosira ; Mariam Coulibaly, archiviste sur le projet de sauvetage des archives du cercle de Kayes 2009-2010, trésorière de l’association malienne Donkosira