A critical period of translational control during brain development at codon resolution

Translation modulates the timing and amplification of gene expression after transcription. Brain development requires uniquely complex gene expression patterns, but large-scale measurements of translation directly in the prenatal brain are lacking. We measure the reactants, synthesis and products of mRNA translation spanning mouse neocortex neurogenesis, and discover a transient window of dynamic regulation at mid-gestation. Timed translation upregulation of chromatin-binding proteins like Satb2, which is essential for neuronal subtype differentiation, restricts protein expression in neuronal lineages despite broad transcriptional priming in progenitors. In contrast, translation downregulation of ribosomal proteins sharply decreases ribosome biogenesis, coinciding with a major shift in protein synthesis dynamics at mid-gestation. Changing activity of eIF4EBP1, a direct inhibitor of ribosome biogenesis, is concurrent with ribosome downregulation and affects neurogenesis of the Satb2 lineage. Thus, the molecular logic of brain development includes the refinement of transcriptional programs by translation. Modeling of the developmental neocortex translatome is provided as an open-source searchable resource at https://shiny.mdc-berlin.de/cortexomics

Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología Tomo 44 Número 7-8

l. Suelos. Física Nuevo método para estimar la evapotranspiración potencial y el déficit de precipitación. Fórmulas para Salamanca y Zamora, por F. de Pablo, A. Egido, L. J. Rivas y J. Garmendia.-- Estudio climatológico del Valle del Guadalquivir mediante un modelo vectorial (Análisis de componentes generalizado), por R. Roman y M. C. Navarro. l. Suelos. Química Alfisoles de los Montes de Toledo. III. Perfil ultic palexeralf. Estudio mineralógico de la fracción arcilla por difracción de Rayos X y espectroscopia infrarroja, por P. Recio y M. T. García-González.-- Alfisoles de los Montes de Toledo. IV. Perfil ultic palexeralf. Estudio mineralógico de la fracción arcilla por métodos térmicos de análisis. Determinaciones analíticas elementales, por P. Recio y M. T. García-González.-- Determinación de la actividad fosfatasa en suelos gallegos. Precisiones al método de Sarathchandra y Perrot, por Ma C. Trasar Cepeda, F. Gil Sotres y F. Guitián Ojea.--Contribución al estudio de la movilización de nitrógeno en ecosistemas del centro de España, por A. García-Villaraco y F. Velasco de Pedro-- Movilización y fijación biológica de cationes en ecosistemas forestales. l. Dinámica del Ca y Mg en los horizontales superficiales del suelo, por A. García-Vilaraco.-- Electromelioration of saline-alkali soils • a review, by L. L. Somanil.-- Suelos.-Biologfa Efectos de la deforestación sobre los suelos de la comarca de Antequera (Málaga).lll. Análisis y evaluación, por R. Delgado Calvo-Flores, G. Barceló y J. Párraga.-- l. Suelos-Génesis, Clasificación y Cartografía Los xerumbrepts bajo matorral de alta montaña de la vertiente sur de Sierra Nevada (Granada), por G. Delgado Calvo-Flores, J. Párraga Martínez, E. Serrano Molina y R. Delgado Calvo-Flores.-- Aplicación de un análisis multivariante a los suelos de la Alfaguara (Sierra de Alfacar• Granada), por l. García Fernández, M. Simón Torres, A. Polo Sánchez.-- l. Suelos. Fertilidad Presence and characterization of micrococcus luteus in a bare soil, by M. A. Sagardoy.-- Soil managements and use of 15 N-Labelled fertilizer for weat in semiarid Argentina. 2, por R. A. Rosell, R. M. Martínez y K. Ch. Sommer.-- Contribución al conocimiento de la utilización del agua del suelo por las especies fores• tales (Quercus robus y Pinus pinaster) bajo clima templado húmedo, por A. Paz González y F. Díaz-Fierros Viqueira.-- Fertilizer and foliar sampling trials in two stages of development of the flower bud in the rose 'Mercedes', by C. E. Alvarez, M. Fernández, V. García and A. E. Carracedo.-- Poder fertilizante de los lodos residuales: efecto sobre el contenido total y disponibilidad de Fe, Mn, Cu, Co y Ni, por M. L. Andrade Couce, A. M ateos Beato y F. Guitián Ojea.-- Adición de lodos residuales a un suelo ácido : influencia sobre el contenido total, disponi• bilidad y absorción por el cultivo, de Zn, Pb, Cr y Cd, por M. L.Andrade Couce, M. Bao Iglesias y F. Guitián Ojea.—II. Biología Vegetal.-Nutrición Estudio comparativo de metodologías de control nutricional en plantas de pimiento cul• tivadas en invernadero bajo sistema de riego localizado, por C. F. Alcaraz, M. •A. Martínez-Cañadas, F. Martínez-Sánchez y F. Sevilla. II. Biología Vegetal. Fisiología Inducción y cultivo de callos procedentes de explantes de hipocotilo, cotiledon y ra• dicula de Erysimum scoparium, por J. F. Pérez Francés, F. Valdés, A. J. Carmona y A. C. Blesa.-- Biología Vegetal. Agrobiologfa Diversidad florística y heterogeneidad ambiental en una dehesa de Sierra Morena, por T. Marañón Arana.-- Trabajo recapitulativo Revisión monográfica de la aplicación de técnicas de microanálisis de Rayos-X en Viología Vegetal, por J. M. Pozuelo y M. R. de Felipe. BibliografíaPeer reviewe

Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología Tomo 44 Número 1-2

l. Suelos- Química. Caracterización de las distintas formas de materia orgánica fósil en dos canteras del cretácico superior de la provincia de Madrid, por G. Almendros, F. Martín, F. J. González Vila y C. Álvarez-Ramis.-- Interacción entre materiales orgánicos añadidos al suelo y su actividad ureásica, por Pérez Mateos, M. y González Carcedo, S.-- Suelos de la zona húmeda española XII.- Influencia de la hidromorfia en la composición mineralógica de suelos desarrollados sobre distintos materiales, por Villar Celorio, Ma C., Leirós de la Peña, Ma C. y Guitián Ojea, F.-- Adsorción de los herbicidas 2,4-D y 2,4,5-T por montmorillonita. II. Muestras homoiónicas de metales alcalinos, por Rodríguez-Pascual, C. y Hernández-Crespo, M. S.--Suelos- Biología. Descomposición de la hojarasca de Quercus rotundiolia Lam: y Quercus pyrenaica Willd. en monte adehesado, por A. Escudero Berian, M. V. Garrido Hernández y J. M. Gómez Gutiérrez.-- Influencia de la vegetación sobre las características de la materia orgánica de los suelos de la Alfaguara (Sierra de Alfacar-Granada), por García, l., Simón, M. y Polo, A.-- Suelos- Génesis. Caracterización edafogenética de los suelos halomorfos de un sector meridional de la Albufera de Elche (Alicante ), por R. Ortiz Silla, S. Hernández Carrascosa y F. Alcaraz Ariza.-- Suelos.- Fertilidad Efecto del glifosato sobre bacterias aerobias que colonizan un suelo arenoso, por M. A. Gómez y M. A. Sagardoy.-- Adsorción de n íquel por suelos calizos. Ajuste a las isotermas de Freundlich y FreundlichSibbesen, por M. T. Estañ, M. C. Bolarin y M. Romero.-- II. Biología Vegetal-Nutrición. Caracterización química y poder fertilizante de los lodos residuales de la planta depuradora de aguas de Santiago de Compostela, por Andrade Couce, M. L., Bao Iglesias, M., Fernández Fernández, C. J., Guitián Ojea, F.-- La calidad del agua de riego en el cultivo del limonero Verna, por A. Cerda, M. Caro, F. G. Fernández y M. G. Guillén.-- II. Biología Vegetal-Fisiología. Estudio de variedades de cereales resistentes al nematodo Heterodera Avenae Woll, por A. Sánchez, J. C. Sacristán y A. Bello.-- Diagnóstico de P, K, Ca y Mg en el trébol violeta: utilización de niveles de referencia y de la aproximación Dris, por J. Arines; R. Fábregas y Ma Jesús Sainz.-- Fertilización foliar con urea en plantas de soja (lycine max, L.), por E. O. Leidi y F. Nakayama.-- Composición en azúcares solubles de diferentes variedades de almendra (Prunus Amygdalus), por F. J. López Andreu, R. M. Esteban Alvarez y O. Carpena Artes.-- Alteraciones morfológicas y estructurales de cloroplastos de Fagus sylvatica L. en relación con la presencia de densas poblaciones liquenicas, por S. Rapsch y C. Ascaso.-- Acción de diferentes reguladores sobre la formación y crecimiento de callo en explantos de cotiledón de castaña cultivados in vitro, por Ma Luz González Caamaño.-- Tipificación y producción de comunidades de pastizal intensamente pastoreadas en la provincia de Salamanca (España), por A. Puerto, M. Rico, J. A. García Rodríguez y J. M. Gómez Gutiérrez.- Comunicaciones cortas. Comportamiento térmico del dimetoato retenido en diferentes óxidos metálicos, por Cristobal Valenzuela Calahorro y Alvaro Bernalte García.-- Aportación a la mejora de métodos de lavado de raíces, por l. Barrera J. M. Gómez Gutiérrez.-- NotasPeer reviewed2019-08.- CopyBook.- Libnova.- Biblioteca IC

Trends in Outcomes for Neonates Born Very Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight in 11 High-Income Countries

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcome trends of neonates born very preterm in 11 high-income countries participating in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of neonates. STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective cohort study, we included 154 233 neonates admitted to 529 neonatal units between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, at 24(0/7) to 31(6/7) weeks of gestational age and birth weight <1500 g. Composite outcomes were in-hospital mortality or any of severe neurologic injury, treated retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); and same composite outcome excluding BPD. Secondary outcomes were mortality and individual morbidities. For each country, annual outcome trends and adjusted relative risks comparing epoch 2 (2012-2015) to epoch 1 (2007-2011) were analyzed. RESULTS: For composite outcome including BPD, the trend decreased in Canada and Israel but increased in Australia and New Zealand, Japan, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. For composite outcome excluding BPD, the trend decreased in all countries except Spain, Sweden, Tuscany, and the United Kingdom. The risk of composite outcome was lower in epoch 2 than epoch 1 in Canada (adjusted relative risks 0.78; 95% CI 0.74-0.82) only. The risk of composite outcome excluding BPD was significantly lower in epoch 2 compared with epoch 1 in Australia and New Zealand, Canada, Finland, Japan, and Switzerland. Mortality rates reduced in most countries in epoch 2. BPD rates increased significantly in all countries except Canada, Israel, Finland, and Tuscany. CONCLUSIONS: In most countries, mortality decreased whereas BPD increased for neonates born very preterm

Physicochemical Dynamics, Microbial Community Patterns, and Reef Growth in Coral Reefs of the Central Red Sea

Coral reefs in the Red Sea belong to the most diverse and productive reef ecosystems worldwide, although they are exposed to strong seasonal variability, high temperature, and high salinity. These factors are considered stressful for coral reef biota and challenge reef growth in other oceans, but coral reefs in the Red Sea thrive despite these challenges. In the central Red Sea high temperatures, high salinities, and low dissolved oxygen on the one hand reflect conditions that are predicted for ‘future oceans’ under global warming. On the other hand, alkalinity and other carbonate chemistry parameters are considered favourable for coral growth. In coral reefs of the central Red Sea, temperature and salinity follow a seasonal cycle, while chlorophyll and inorganic nutrients mostly vary spatially, and dissolved oxygen and pH fluctuate on the scale of hours to days. Within these strong environmental gradients micro- and macroscopic reef communities are dynamic and demonstrate plasticity and acclimatisation potential. Epilithic biofilm communities of bacteria and algae, crucial for the recruitment of reef-builders, undergo seasonal community shifts that are mainly driven by changes in temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. These variables are predicted to change with the progression of global environmental change and suggest an immediate effect of climate change on the microbial community composition of biofilms. Corals are so-called holobionts and associate with a variety of microbial organisms that fulfill important functions in coral health and productivity. For instance, coral-associated bacterial communities are more specific and less diverse than those of marine biofilms, and in many coral species in the central Red Sea they are dominated by bacteria from the genus Endozoicomonas. Generally, coral microbiomes align with ecological differences between reef sites. They are similar at sites where these corals are abundant and successful. Coral microbiomes reveal a measurable footprint of anthropogenic influence at polluted sites. Coral-associated communities of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates in central Red Sea corals are dominated by Symbiodinium from clade C. Some corals harbour the same specific symbiont with a high physiological plasticity throughout their distribution range, while others maintain a more flexible association with varying symbionts of high physiological specificity over depths, seasons, or reef locations. The coral-Symbiodinium endosymbiosis drives calcification of the coral skeleton, which is a key process that provides maintenance and formation of the reef framework. Calcification rates and reef growth are not higher than in other coral reef regions, despite the beneficial carbonate chemistry in the central Red Sea. This may be related to the comparatively high temperatures, as indicated by reduced summer calcification and long-term slowing of growth rates that correlate with ocean warming trends. Indeed, thermal limits of abundant coral species in the central Red Sea may have been exceeded, as evidenced by repeated mass bleaching events during previous years. Recent comprehensive baseline data from central Red Sea reefs allow for insight into coral reef functioning and for quantification of the impacts of environmental change in the region

The International Network for Evaluating Outcomes (iNeo) of neonates: evolution, progress and opportunities

Neonates born very preterm (before 32 weeks’ gestational age), are a significant public health concern because of their high-risk of mortality and life-long disability. In addition, caring for very preterm neonates can be expensive, both during their initial hospitalization and their long-term cost of permanent impairments. To address these issues, national and regional neonatal networks around the world collect and analyse data from their constituents to identify trends in outcomes, and conduct benchmarking, audit and research. Improving neonatal outcomes and reducing health care costs is a global problem that can be addressed using collaborative approaches to assess practice variation between countries, conduct research and implement evidence-based practices. The International Network for Evaluating Outcomes (iNeo) of neonates was established in 2013 with the goal of improving outcomes for very preterm neonates through international collaboration and comparisons. To date, 10 national or regional population-based neonatal networks/datasets participate in iNeo collaboration. The initiative now includes data on >200,000 very preterm neonates and has conducted important epidemiological studies evaluating outcomes, variations and trends. The collaboration has also surveyed >320 neonatal units worldwide to learn about variations in practices, healthcare service delivery, and physical, environmental and manpower related factors and support services for parents. The iNeo collaboration serves as a strong international platform for Neonatal-Perinatal health services research that facilitates international data sharing, capacity building, and global efforts to improve very preterm neonate care