The prevalence of emotional and rational tone in social advertising appeals

Purpose – This paper aims to analyse the prevalence of emotional and rational appeals in social advertising campaigns. There are studies about the effectiveness of these tones of appeals in social marketing, but there is no evidence about their prevalent use in social advertisements. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a content analysis of forty social advertisements promoting attitudes and behaviours regarding social causes. The selected ads were in video format and were extracted from the YouTube channels of Portuguese governmental and non-governmental organisations. The ads were coded according to the characteristics of each tone of appeals and classified as emotional, rational or a mix of both. Findings – The authors classified 25 social ads as rational appeals, 8 as emotional and 7 as a mix of both appeals. The results of the research show that social marketers have preference for the use of rational tone in social advertising campaigns. Originality/value – This study shows that there is a disruption between theory and practice in social marketing, considering the higher prevalence of rational appeals in contexts where theory recommends emotional appeals for higher effectiveness. This evidence is surprising, considering a previous study that evidenced a higher use of emotional appeals in advertising connected to social causes than in commercial advertisements. This paper focus on how practice may disrupt theory and explores possible reasons for the phenomenon

Another view of geological heritage: the assessment of the quaternary deposits of the galician coast (NW Spain)

En la última década se ha desarrollado una base de conocimiento sólido relacionado con la geodiversidad, caracterización, conservación y gestión del patrimonio geológico, que lleva implícito una legislación al respecto. Sin embargo, el escaso conocimiento a nivel científico por parte de la Administración sobre “lugares de interés geológico” hace complicado conseguir una normativa adecuada, a fin de proteger algo que no está contemplado. A esto se suma, un desconocimiento parcial de la sociedad sobre procesos geológicos, su relación con la biodiversidad y su valor como patrimonio natural. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar el valor de los depósitos sedimentarios antiguos localizados en la costa de Galicia como archivos paleoambientales y geoformas con entidad propia. Estos valores son ejemplificados con depósitos localizados en la “Costa Sur”, así definida en el Plan de Ordenación Litoral (POL) de Galicia.Over the last decade, a solid knowledge base has been built up globally in relation to geodiversity, geoheritage identification, conservation and management, which implies legislation on the subject. However, the partial absence of knowledge and information on a scientific level on the part of the Administration regarding national, regional or local “points of geological interest” makes it complex to create appropriate legislation, since something which is not even considered cannot be protected. There is also public ignorance about geological processes and their relationship with biodiversity, as well as their value as natural heritage. This study aims to show the value of ancient sedimentary deposits located on the coast of Galicia as palaeoenvironmental records and landforms. These values are exemplified with deposits of the “Southern Coast”, established in the Coastline Management Plan (POL)

Hacia una diversidad patrimonial europea: geositios en la costa gallega (NW España)

The pervasive lack of awareness in today’s society regarding geological processes and their effects on the landscape is of such magnitude that their relationship to biodiversity and their value as part of the natural heritage is almost completely ignored. In this situation are the Quaternary deposits located on the Galician coast (NW Spain). The lack of awareness of these deposits, or the mere fact that they have either been omitted, or included as other coastal formations in the POL (The Planning Programme for Coastal areas of Galicia), makes their recognition and promotion unfeasible. Taking into account the scientific works and considering the current administrative context, the aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance and scientific and educational interest of the Quaternary sedimentary deposits as palaeoenvironmental records in the hope that this will be recognised as a Geosites by administration, in order to promote their geoconservation as a meaningful and diverse Geological Heritage in European Coastal context.La falta generalizada de conciencia en la sociedad actual en relación con los procesos geológicos y sus efectos sobre el paisaje es de tal magnitud que su relación con la biodiversidad y su valor como parte del Patrimonio Natural casi está completamente ignorado. En esta situación se encuentran los Depósitos Cuaternarios situados en la Costa de Galicia (NW de España). Su falta de conocimiento, o el mero hecho de que, se han omitido o incluido como otras formaciones costeras en la POL (Plan de Ordenación del Litoral de Galicia) hace que su reconocimiento y su difusión sea inviable. Teniendo en cuenta los trabajos científicos y el contexto administrativo actual, el objetivo de este estudio es mostrar su importancia e interés científico y educativo como registros paleoambientales con la esperanza de que alcancen su reconocimiento por parte de la administración como Geositios, con el fin de promover su geoconservación como un Patrimonio Geológico significativo y diverso en el contexto Costero Europeo.This research was partially funded by Project 09SEC015606PR (Xunta de Galicia) and by COMDEMO Project (Plan Nacional de I+D+i: EDU2015-65621-C3-1-R) co-financed with EU ERDF funds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geological heritage at risk in NW Spain. Quaternary deposits and landforms of “Southern Coast” (Baiona-A Garda)

Over the last decade, a knowledge base has been built up worldwide in relation to geological heritage and geodiversity, and respective working methodologies. However, the absence of knowledge and technical information by the local, regional and national authorities about geosites makes it difficult to create appropriate legislation and to assure a good management. There is also a public ignorance about geological processes and their relationship to biodiversity, as well as their value as natural heritage. This study focuses on the Autonomous Community of Galicia (NW Spain), specifically the “Southern Coast” area established in the Planning Programme for the Coast (POL) and brings to light the importance of the Quaternary deposits and associated landforms. The study concludes that the Southern Coast should be recognized as an area-type geosite. Taking into account the evaluation of their scientific value, the landforms of Oia and San Xián are proposed as geosites. Legal mechanisms of protection need to be reinforced and new, more specific ones, developed in tandem that make reference to the fact that these landforms exemplify environmental records of the past. This area is unique on a national level due to the scientific and educational value of the deposits. Therefore, they should be proposed to the Spanish Geological Survey (IGME) for inclusion in the general list of geosites of the Spanish State.Manuela Costa-Casais is supported by the Research Programme "Isidro Parga Pondal 2007"-Xunta Galicia. This research was partially funded by Project 09SEC015606PR (2009-2012) "Xeoarqueolox a e reconstrucion paleoambiental. Metodolox a aplicada a contextos arqueoloxico-culturais"-"Geoarchaeology and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Methodology applied to cultural and archaeological contexts"-(Conseller a de Econom a e IndustriaXunta de Galicia) and by Portuguese National Funds through the FCT (Fundacao para a Cincia e a Tecnologia) under the project PEst-OE/CTE/UI0039/2011". This paper has been prepared in collaboration with Professor M. Isabel Caetano Alves, during post-doctoral research as "Parga Pondal" carried out by Manuela Costa-Casais at the Centre for Earth Sciences, University of Minho-Centre of Geology, University of Oporto. The authors are deeply grateful to Antonio Martnez Cortizas, the reviewers and the editor for their helpful comments and contributions to the manuscript

The value of podcasts to journalism: analysis of digital native media brands’ offerings, production and publishing in Spain

The growing popularity of podcasting is an opportunity for the news industry to identify new ways of delivering journa-lism and to find solutions to the challenges of digital transformation. Podcasts are tools that help the media adapt to the digital sphere by giving prominence to audio to extend their journalistic influence in the sonosphere. Given its disruptive nature, and since it breaks with the traditional content choices available, the analysis of this article focuses on what is offered in the form of podcasts by digital native media brands in Spain. It looks at the extent to which they are committed to this audio content and the type of journalism-based productions they promote and publish. To do this, a qualitative and quantitative content analysis methodology was used. This included an interpretation of data recorded in the Digital media map 2021 (Mapa de medios digitales 2021), updated as part of the Diginativemedia project (2019-2021). An in-depth study of a corpus –or sample– of 29 titles or series of podcasts published by 7 native news brands is also provided. These brands were selected because they publish podcasts and because, according to the Digital news report Spain 2021, they have the largest weekly reach among Spanish internet users. The results of the research show that only 1 in 4 digital media brands that offer podcasts (925) are native (232), and that it is the specialist native media outlets that are most committed to podcasting (140). Native media brands view podcasts as part of their journalism-based products and services, whose presence is beginning to grow as an exploration of their informative and expressive potential. In addition, it is podcasts that tackle current affairs using conversational formats –both audio and video– through serialised, original productions for the media outlet’s website and to provide a range of platforms

Assessment and management of the geomorphological heritage of Monte Pindo (NW Spain): a landscape as a symbol of identity

This study focuses on the granite mountain known as Monte Pindo (627 m above sea level) in the Autonomous Community of Galicia (NW Spain). This territory is included in the area classified as “Costa da Morte” in the “Politica de Ordenación Litoral” (POL) (Coastal Planning Policy) for the region of Galicia. This coastal unit, located between “Rías Baixas” and “Cape Fisterra” has great potential for demonstrating geological processes and its geomorphological heritage is characterized by a high degree of geodiversity of granite landforms. The main objective of our work is to assess the geomorphological heritage of the site, thus revealing its wide geodiversity. We shall analyze and highlight: its scientific value, developing an inventory of granite landforms; its educational valuel and its geotouristic potential. It must be ensured that the Administration understands that natural diversity is composed of both geodiversity and biodiversity. Only then will the sustainable management of Monte Pindo become possible by integrating natural and cultural heritage values. The goal is to ensure that Monte Pindo and its immediate surroundings become a geopark with the aim of promoting local development projects based on the conservation and valorization of its geological heritage.This research was conducted under the research projects CPC2014/009 and R2014/001 funded by the Xunta de Galicia

Desenvolvimento e otimização de lipossomas encapsulados com citotóxicos de elevada potência para imunoterapia

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaO cancro é uma doença comum à Medicina Veterinária e Humana e é uma das principais causas de morte. Apesar das várias abordagens terapêuticas oncológicas existentes, a sua cura permanece como um desafio. No caso da quimioterapia, alguns dos motivos de insucesso prendem-se com: a toxicidade, a baixa eficácia e o desenvolvimento de resistências aos fármacos, apelando à investigação de novas abordagens terapêuticas que os superem. Os lipossomas, no âmbito da nanomedicina, têm sido investigados como transportadores de fármacos permitindo uma modulação da sua farmacocinética, do direcionamento para tecidos neoplásicos e redução dos efeitos secundários, apresentando, neste contexto, enorme potencial para a terapia oncológica. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e otimização de lipossomas para encapsulação de um fármaco citotóxico de elevada potência para imunoterapia. Para tal, foram avaliados os efeitos citotóxicos de sete iHADC – CI-994, panobinostat, SAHA, SBHA, scriptaid, trichostatin A e tubacina – tendo sido selecionado o panobinostat, com maior efeito citotóxico, para posterior encapsulação em lipossomas. Os efeitos citotóxicos do panobinostat lipossomal foram avaliados em linhas celulares de linfoma canino – CLBL-1 e 17-71 – e de glioblastoma humano – U87 – e comparados com os efeitos da doxorrubicina lipossomal. Foram ainda avaliados lipossomas associados a folatos como forma de direcionamento específico. Foram realizados três ensaios independentes para cada fármaco e em replicado para cada concentração. A viabilidade das células tratadas foi avaliada através do reagente alamarBlue® e os valores de IC50 calculados através de uma equação logarítmica no programa GraphPad Prism 6. Para análise estatística foi realizada uma ANOVA e teste de Tukey, através do programa R. Os resultados demonstraram atividade citotóxica dos iHDAC em CLBL-1 e 17-71, sendo capazes de induzir a acetilação de H3. Observou-se um maior efeito de citotoxicidade do panobinostat (IC50=20nM) que o da doxorrubicina (IC50=1050nM) com um valor de p0,05. Em U87, o panobinostat revelou ter também maior efeito citotóxico que a doxorrubicina. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o panobinostat tem um grande efeito citotóxico em glioblastoma humano e linfoma canino. In vitro, o seu efeito citotóxico quando encapsulado em lipossomas sugeriu ser semelhante à formulação livre. Serão necessários estudos clínicos e translacionais para determinar a utilidade clínica e segurança do panobinostat lipossomal. No futuro, poderão ser acoplados anticorpos aos lipossomas para desenvolver um sistema de transporte de fármacos com grande potencial para Oncologia.ABSTRACT - DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF LIPOSOMES ENCAPSULATED WITH HIGH POWER CYTOTOXICS FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY - Cancer is a disease that occurs in both Veterinary and Human Medicine, and is one of the leading causes of death. Despite all the existing oncological therapeutic approaches, treatment remains challenging. Some reasons for chemotherapy failure rely on: drug toxicity, low therapeutic efficacy and chemotherapeutic resistance, appealing to the search of new therapeutic approaches to overcome them. In the field of nanomedicine, liposomes have been investigated as nanocarriers of cytotoxic drugs allowing modulation of their pharmacokinetics, target to neoplastic tissues and reduction of side effects. In this context, this drug delivery system has great potential to be applied in oncological therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study is the development and optimization of liposomes encapsulated with high power cytotoxics for immunotherapy. For this purpose, the cytotoxic effects of seven HDACi were evaluated – CI-994, panobinostat, SAHA, SBHA, scriptaid, trichostatin A and tubacin. Panobinostat, having shown the greatest cytotoxic effect, was selected to be further encapsulated in liposomes. Its cytotoxic effects were assessed in two canine lymphoma cell-lines – CLBL-1 and 17-71 – and a human glioblastoma cell-line – U87 – and compared to liposomal doxorubicin effect. The cytotoxic activity of liposomal panobinostat targeted to folate receptors was also assessed. Three independent experiments were carried out in different days to each drug and two replicate wells were used for each drug concentration. Viability of treated cells was measured using the alamarBlue® reagent. Best-fit IC50 values were calculated using the log (inhibitor) vs response (variable slope) function on GraphPad Prism 6. The data was statically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test in R version 3.5.0. (2018). Results demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of HDACi in CLBL-1 and 17-71, inducing H3 acetilation. Panobinostat (IC50=20nM) demonstrated greater cytotoxic effect comparing to doxorubicin (IC50=1050nM) with p0,05. In U87 cell-line, panobinostat also showed greater cytotoxic effect than doxorubicin. The obtained results suggest panobinostat as a potent cytotoxic drug in human glioblastoma and canine lymphoma. In vitro, liposomal panobinostat cytotoxic effect revealed to be similar to the free drug’s effect. Translational and clinical studies will determine the clinical utility and safety of liposomal panobinostat. In the future, we hope to couple these novel nanoparticules to antibodies for the development of a potent drug delivery system to oncology.N/

The configuration of the cultural landscape during the early Middle Ages (5th-11th centuries): Environmental changes and human activity in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo aportar algunos elementos para el debate sobre la reconstrucción paleoambien-tal, desde las disciplinas de las Ciencias de la Tierra, centrándose en el período cultural de la Alta Edad Media (siglos V-XI). El artículo se divide en tres apartados. El primero, introduce conceptos básicos sobre la evolu-ción ambiental: ideas generales sobre la reconstrucción paleoambiental y un breve comentario sobre la activi-dad humana en el contexto de los paleoambientes. El segundo, muestra una aproximación metodológica a la reconstrucción desde diferentes disciplinas de las Ciencias de la Tierra. En el tercero, se comentan algunos resultados recientes obtenidos en el noroeste peninsular utilizando ejemplos de archivos que, en este caso, están representados por suelos coluviales y sus señales geoquímicas, analizando los procesos naturales y otros inducidos por la actividad antrópica, con la finalidad de ilustrar los conceptos discutidos en la primera parte. A modo de conclusión, el artículo se cierra con unas pinceladas sobre el paisaje de la Alta Edad Media en el Noroeste Peninsular, a partir de la interpretación y reconstrucción de los datos obtenidosThis paper aims to promote the discussion of some elements relating to paleoenvironmental reconstruction, from the point of view of the Earth Sciences, focusing on the cultural period of the early Middle Ages (5th-11th centuries). The article is divided into three sections. In the first, the basic concepts of environmental evolution are introduced, such as the general ideas of paleoenvironmental reconstruction and a brief commentary on human activity in the context of paleoenvironments. The second section demonstrates a methodological ap-proach to reconstruction from the point of view of different disciplines of Earth Sciences. In the third section, recent results obtained in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula are commented on, making use of samples of colluvial soils and their geochemical signals obtained from environmental archives. An analysis is made of both natural processes and those caused by human activity, in order to illustrate the concepts discussed in the first part. The article concludes with some comments on the landscape of the early Middle Ages in the north-west of the Peninsula, based on the interpretation and reconstruction of the data obtainedS

Relacionamentos na qualidade percebida do Ensino Superior Politécnico: um estudo exploratório

Objetivo: averiguar o impacto dos relacionamentos interpessoais (entre os prestadores de serviços e os alunos) e o grau de relacionamento na qualidade percebida e na satisfação no Ensino Superior Público Politécnico em Portugal. Desenho/metodologia/abordagem: a metodologia é exploratória e procedeu-se a uma análise na Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais (ESCE) do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (IPVC). O método utilizado é de caráter descritivo, de natureza quantitativa e teve por base um inquérito presencial que aplica o modelo SERVQUAL e uma escala de avaliação do grau de relacionamento e da estratégia de fidelização. Resultados: os cento e oitenta e dois inquéritos aplicados aos alunos da ESCE evidenciam que a dimensão empatia é aquela em que as perceções mais se aproximam das expetativas entre as cinco dimensões do modelo SERVQUAL. A dimensão com menores diferenças (gap) entre as perceções e expetativas é a empatia (-0.76). A dimensão segurança ocupa a segunda dimensão percebida com menor diferença (-0.77). De seguida, seguem-se as dimensões capacidade de resposta (-0.79), fiabilidade (-0.91) e tangibilidade (-1.35). Os resultados evidenciam que existe um grau de relacionamento e uma estratégia de fidelização por parte da escola em relação aos alunos. Assim, a instituição deverá continuar a investir na dimensão empatia e no marketing relacional para potenciar a qualidade percebida e a satisfação dos alunos. Originalidade/valor: os relacionamentos são fontes de valor na qualidade percebida e satisfação dos alunos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior Público Politécnico em Portugal.Andreia Teixeira agradece à Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia pela bolsa de pós-doutoramento SFRH/BPD/ 86383/ 2012, financiada por fundos nacionais do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior e pelo Fundo Social Europeu através do POCH - Programa Operacional Capital Humanoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gamestorming for the Conceptual Design of Products and Processes in the context of engineering education

Creating an ideal environment to develop creativity and innovation in engineering education is a real challenge. One alternative approach can be based in the application of Gamestorming methodology that considers the use of games in the process of brainstorming. Presenting the problem in a game format eludes the conventional lecturing and frees the participants to think creatively to solve problems. In this contribution, the adaptation of the Gamestorming methodology was applied in different Bachelor and Master courses of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering in the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). The aim of this initiative was to develop students’ creativity and teamwork, where the class divided in working groups propose and assess alternatives in the Conceptual Design of Products and Processes. Specifically, two examples of the application of the methodology are provided: (i) a wood box for wine storage was remodeled according to a number of requisites: functionality, savings of energy consumption and reduction of environmental impact; (ii) the conceptual design of a treatment system for the removal of pollutants present in a gaseous stream to accomplish the targets of wide applicability and efficiency as well as reduced cost and environmental impact. A total of 129 students from 4 different academic years participated and the survey performed after completing the activity rated this methodology as a mechanism to foster their creativity in the progress of teamwork toward decision making processS