Ecosystem services values at risk in the Atlantic coastal zone due to sea-level rise and socioeconomic development

Uncertainties about the future extent of sea-level rise (SLR) and socioeconomic development will determine the future of coastal ecosystem services and values. This study analyzes the joint impact of flooding and socioeconomic development on the future ecosystem services and values in the Atlantic coastal zone by 2100. To this end, flood probability maps (using the Uncertainty Bathtub Model; uBTM) and local ecosystem service value (ESV) estimates (using meta-analytic based global ecosystem service value functions for Provisioning, Regulating & maintenance, and Cultural ecosystem services across 12 biomes) are derived for a wide combination of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios to obtain future values of coastal ecosystem services (ES). Results show that the higher potential of ESV at risk is associated with RCP 8.5 and SSP5, i.e. the scenario associated with a narrative related to fossil-fueled development. For this scenario, by 2100, the coastal zone with the highest probable losses in Provisioning ESV is Europe (∼5.9 € billion/year), for Regulating & maintenance ESV this is North America (∼6.0 € billion/year) and for Cultural ESV this is South America (∼21.3 € billion/year). Countries facing highest relative risk of losing Provisioning ESV are the Netherlands (10.6 %), United States (7.4 %), and Mauritania (5.8 %). For Regulating & maintenance ESV, the top 3 countries impacted are Mauritania (17.6 %), the Netherlands (10.0 %) and Argentina (8.0 %). For Cultural ESV, the countries are Mexico (19.0 %), Denmark (18.1 %) and Sweden (15.6 %). Changes in ESV are exponentially related to flood risk and economic growth, such that small changes in flood or income lead to large changes in ESV. Unlike previous studies, the ESV functions used are dependent on time and local factors, such as population and income. Although population and income growth result in an increase in ESV, it also emphasizes the ecosystem service values at risk. Thus, sea-level rise and socioeconomic changes impact ecosystem services and values – directly affecting the well-being of the world population. The unequal distribution of coastal ecosystem service value losses across continents and countries highlighted in this work is important to identify what values are at risk and for whom. Adaptation measures and strategies can, in turn, be defined

Population overlap and habitat segregation in wintering Black-tailed Godwits Limosa limosa

Distinct breeding populations of migratory species may overlap both spatially and temporally, but differ in patterns of habitat use. This has important implications for population monitoring and conservation. To quantify the extent to which two distinct breeding populations of a migratory shorebird, the Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa, overlap spatially, temporally and in their use of different habitats during winter. We use mid-winter counts between 1990 and 2001 to identify the most important sites in Iberia for Black-tailed Godwits. Monthly surveys of estuarine mudflats and rice-fields at one major site, the Tejo estuary in Portugal in 2005-2007, together with detailed tracking of colour-ringed individuals, are used to explore patterns of habitat use and segregation of the Icelandic subspecies L. l. islandica and the nominate continental subspecies L. l. limosa. In the period 1990-2001, over 66 000 Black-tailed Godwits were counted on average in Iberia during mid-winter (January), of which 80% occurred at just four sites: Tejo and Sado lower basins in Portugal, and Coto Dontildeana and Ebro Delta in Spain. Icelandic Black-tailed Godwits are present throughout the winter and forage primarily in estuarine habitats. Continental Black-tailed Godwits are present from December to March and primarily use rice-fields. Iberia supports about 30% of the Icelandic population in winter and most of the continental population during spring passage. While the Icelandic population is currently increasing, the continental population is declining rapidly. Although the estuarine habitats used by Icelandic godwits are largely protected as Natura 2000 sites, the habitat segregation means that conservation actions for the decreasing numbers of continental godwits should focus on protection of rice-fields and re-establishment of freshwater wetlands

Prevalence Of Obesity And The Body Fat Topography In Children And Teenagers With Down Syndrome

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and the body fat topography in children and adolescents from both sexes aged 6 to 19 years old with Down syndrome, residents in the city of Campinas, São Paulo. Methods: there were nine anthropometric measurements taken, including weight, height, and tricipital, bicipital, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal, thigh, and calf skin folds. The fat percentage was determined by employing the prediction equations from Slaughter et al. Statistical analysis was performed using the computer package R Commander 1.6-3, with the descriptive statistics (median and 25th and 75th percentiles), the Mann-Whitney test, and the t-test for comparison between age groups, at the 5% (p > 0.05) level. Results: most subjects had excess body fat, with the higher values being found among the females. The obesity was not a prominent characteristic among the boys, unlike the other age groups who had manifestations of elevated obesity. Regarding the body fat topography, most showed higher concentration of fat in the thigh, and smaller deposits in the biceps region. In the transition from childhood to adolescence, it was verifiable that boys and young men differ in the amounts of adipose tissue. However, no significant differences were observed among the girls, and the young women. Conclusion: the assessment of the prevalence of obesity and subcutaneous fat topography are important resources to support researchers, and practitioners who work directly on improving the quality of life of children and adolescents with Down syndrome.2316570Speiser, P.W., Rudolf, M.C.J., Anhalt, H., Camacho-Hubner, C., Chiarelli, F., Eliakim, A., Consensus statement: childhood obesity (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 90 (3), pp. 1871-1887Reilly, J.J., Methven, E., Mcdowell, Z.C., Hacking, B., Alexander, D., Stewart, D., Health consequences of obesity (2003) Arch Dis Child., 88 (9), pp. 748-752Grundy, S.M., Benjamin, I.J., Burke, G.L., Chait, A., Eckel, R.H., Howard, B.V., Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association (1999) Circulation., 100 (10), pp. 1134-1146Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic (2000) Geneva: Report on a WHO Consultation on Obesity, , World Health OrganizationGonzález-Agüero, A., Ara, I., Moreno, L.A., Vicente-Rodríguez, G., Casajús, J.A., Fat and lean masses in youths with Down syndrome: Gender differences (2011) Res Dev Disabil., 32 (5), pp. 1685-1693González-Agüero, A., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Moreno, L.A., Casajús, J.A., Dimorfismo sexual en grasa corporal en adolescentes com síndrome de Down (2010) Rev Esp Obes., 8 (1), pp. 28-33Slaughter, M.H., Lohman, T.G., Boileau, R.A., Horswill, C.A., Stillman, R.J., Van Loan, M.D., Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth (1988) Hum Biol., 60 (5), pp. 709-723Guedes, D.P., Guedes, J.E.R.P., Crescimento, composição corporal e desempenho motor em crianças e adolescentes (1997) São Paulo: CLR BalieiroGonzález-Agüero, A., Vicente-Rodríguez, G., Ara, I., Moreno, L.A., Casajús, J.A., Accuracy of prediction equations to assess percentage of body fat in children and adolescents with Down syndrome compared to air displacement plethysmography (2011) Res Dev Disabil., 32 (5), pp. 1764-1769Queiroga, M.B., Utilização de medidas antropométricas para a determinação da distribuição de gordura corporal (1998) Atividade física & saúde., 3 (1), pp. 37-47Guedes, D.P., Guedes, J.E.R.P., Manual prático para avaliação em educação física (2006) Barueri: ManoleMalina, R.M., Bouchard, C., Bar-Or, O., Growth, Maturation, and Physical Activity (2004) Champaign, IL: Human KineticsGuedes, D.P., Guedes, J.E.R.P., Controle do peso corporal: composição corporal, atividade física e nutrição (2003) Rio de Janeiro: ShapeDwyer, T., Blizzard, C.L., Defining obesity in children by biological endpoint rather than population distribution (1996) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disordv., 20 (5), pp. 472-480Cooke, P.S., Heine, P.A., Taylor, J.A., Lubahn, D.B., The role of estrogen and receptor-alpha in male adipose tissue (2001) Mol Cell Endocrinol., 178 (1-2), pp. 147-154Ferrara, M., Capozzi, L., Russo, R., Impact of er gene polymorphisms on overweight and obesity in Down syndrome (2008) Cent Eur J Med., 3 (3), pp. 271-278Marreiro, D.N., De Sousa, A.F., Nogueira, N.N., Oliveira, F.E., Effect of zinc supplementation on thyroid hormone metabolism of adolescents with Down syndrome (2009) Biol Trace Elem Res., 129 (1-3), pp. 20-27Ordóñez-Munoz, F.J., Rosety, M., Rodriguez, M.R., Influence of 12-week exercise training on fat mass percentage in adolescents with Down syndrome (2006) Med Sci Monit., 12 (10), pp. 416-419Guedes, D.P., Guedes, J.E.R.P., Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes do município de Londrina (PR), Brasil (1998) Motriz., 4 (1), pp. 18-25Costa, L.T., Alternativa metodológica para mensurar a maturação somática em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down. (Dissertação) (2011) Campinas: Faculdade de Educação Física da Universidade Estadual de CampinasVelásquez-Meléndez, G., Silveira, E.A., Allencastro-Souza, P., Kac, G., Relationship between sittingheight-to-stature ratio and adiposity in Brazilian women (2005) Am J Hum Biol., 17 (5), pp. 646-653Tannirandorn, Y., Manotaya, S., Uerpairojkit, B., Tanawattanacharoen, S., Wacharaprechanont, T., Charoenvidhya, D., Evaluation of fetal femur length to detect Down syndrome in a Thai population (2001) Int J Gynaecol Obstet., 73 (2), pp. 117-123Despres, J.P., Moorjani, S., Lupien, P.J., Tremblay, A., Nadeau, A., Bouchard, C., Regional fat distribuition of body fat, plasma lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease (1990) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 10, pp. 497-511Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood obesity (1994) Am J Clin Nutr., 59 (5), pp. 955-959Rogers, P.T., Coleman, M., Buckley, S., Medical care in Down syndrome -A Preventive medicine approach (1992) Pediatric Habilation: Marcel Dekke

Effect of salt concentrations on in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of three salts (sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and calcium chloride (CaCl2)) on the in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein substrates. Six salt concentrations were tested, separately, namely 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/dL. The experiment was conducted using the completely randomized design in a 6 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with main effects of salt concentration and salt type (six levels of three salts (NaCl, MgCl2, or CaCl2) (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/dL) into three substrates [starch, cellulose, and glucose]) with three replicates. Cellulose- and glucose-fermenting bacteria were sensitive to NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mg/dL (17.48 decisiemens per metre (dS/m)) and 800 mg/dL (20.55 dS/m) in the media, respectively. In contrast, starch-fermenting bacteria continued to grow in NaCl concentrations up to 1600 mg/dL (29.09 dS/m). Thus, it was concluded that starch-fermenting microorganisms tolerated higher concentrations of NaCl compared with the other microbial groups. Cellulose-fermenting microorganisms are less tolerant to MgCl2 in relation to the other microbial groups. Starch, cellulose-, and glucose-fermenting bacteria from cattle tolerate CaCl2 concentrations of up to 1600 mg/dL (12.26 dS/m). These results suggest that brackish water may be used for ruminants. However, it is important perform an analysis of that water and then to adjust diets to minimize the effects of types of salt and concentrations of salt on rumen microorganisms. Keywords: brackish water, dissolved salts, rumen microbes, water qualit

Banco de dados geograficos da ictiofauna em áreas úmidas ao longo do extremo sul da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi a construção de um banco de dados, espacializando as variáveis abióticas e da ictiofauna ao longo do município de Santa Vitoria do Palmar, na planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul

Banco de dados geograficos de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em áreas úmidas ao longo do extremo sul da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul.

O trabalho teve como objetivo construir um banco de dados espacializando variáveis abióticas e bióticas, representadas pela distribuição dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos em áreas úmidas ao longo do extremo sul da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul

Body Proportions In Children And Adolescents With Down's Syndrome

The present study aimed to evaluate the body proportions of sitting height and leg length in children and adolescents with Down's syndrome (DS). The sample consisted of 99 individuals with DS (40 girls with an average age of 11.45 ± 2.6 years and 59 boys with an average age of 12.07 ± 3.0 years). The following parameters were studied: chronological age, height, sitting height and leg length. The body proportions of each segment were calculated using body indices and the Phantom model. For the statistical analysis, the normality test and descriptive analyses of central tendency and dispersion were performed, and Student's t-test was used. For all treatments, the statistical software program SPSS version 13.0 was used, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was set. The body proportion of the upper and lower segments of children and adolescents with DS differed from those of the typical population in terms of leg length, whereas the seated height values of individuals with DS †were similar to those of individuals without DS.232198202Roizen, N.J., Patterson, D., Down's syndrome (2003) Lancet, 12 (361), pp. 1281-9Sugayama, S.M.M., Kim, C.A., Anormalidades Cromossômicas Chromosomal abnormalities In: Setian (2002) N. Endocrinologia Pediátrica - Aspectos físicos e metabólicos do recémnascido ao adolescente. São Paulo: Editora Sarvier, pp. 638-639Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Lewontin, R.C., Gelbart, W., Introdução a Genética Introduction to genetics (2006) Guanabara Koogan, p. 534Licastro, F., Mariani, R.A., Faldella, G., Carpene, E., Guidicini, G., Rangoni, A., Immune endocrine status and coelic disease in children with Down's Syndrome: relationships with zinc and cognitive efficiency (2001) Brain Res Bull, 2 (55), pp. 313-17Coelho, C.R.Z., Loevy, H.T., Odontological aspects of Down's syndrome (1986) ARS Curandi Odontol, 3 (8), pp. 9-16Mugayar, L.R.F., Pacientes portadores de necessidades especiais: manual de odontologia e saúde oral [Patients with special needs: Manual of dentistry and oral health] (2000) São Paulo: Pancast, 13Cronk, C., Crocker, A.C., Pueschel, S.M., Shea, A.M., Zackai, E., Growth charts for children with Down syndrome: 1 month to 18 years of age (1988) Pediatrics, 1 (81), pp. 102-110Myrelid, A., Gustafsson, J., Ollars, B., Annerén, G., Growth charts for Down' syndrome from birth to 18 years of age (2002) Arch Dis Child., 2 (87), pp. 97-103Kimura, J., Tachibana, K., Imaizumi, K., Kurosawa, K., Kuroki, Y., Londitudinal growth and height velocity of Japanese children with Down's Syndrome (2003) Acta Paediatr, 9 (92), pp. 1039-1042Rarick, G.L., Seefeldt, V., Observations from Longitudinal Data on Growth in Stature and Sitting Height of Children with Down's Syndrome (1974) J Ment Defic Res, 1 (18), pp. 63-78Ross, W.D., Wilson, N.C., A stratagem for proportional growth assessment (1974) Acta Pediátrica, 1 (28), pp. 169-182De la Rosa, F.J.B., Rodriguez-añez, C.R., O estudo das características físicas do homem por meio da proporcionalidade [The study of the physical characteristics of men by means of proportionality] (2002) Rev Bras Cine Des Hum, 1 (4), pp. 53-66Guedes, D.T., Guedes, J.E.R.P., Manual prático para avaliação em Educação Física [Practical manual for evaluation in physical education] (2006) Editora Manole, pp. 153-4Jaswal, S., Jaswal, I.J.S., An anthropometric study of body size in Down syndrome (1981) Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 48 (1), pp. 81-84Hughes, P.C.R., Ribeiro, J., Hughes, I.A., Body proportions in Turner's Syndrome (1986) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 61, pp. 506-517Baldin, A.D., Armani, M.C.A., Morcillo, A.M., Lemos-Marini, S.H.V., Baptista, M.T.M., Maciel-Guerra, A.T., Guerra Júnior, G., Proporçñes corporais em um grupo de pacientes brasileiras com Síndrome de Turner [Body proportions in a group of Brazilian patients with Turner syndrome] (2005) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab, 49 (4), pp. 529-535Arnell, H., Gustafsson, J., Ivarsson, S.A., Annerén, G., Growth and pubertal development in Down syndrome (1996) Acta Paediatr, 9, pp. 1102-6Annerén, G., Tuvemo, T., Carlsson-Skwirut, C., Lönnerholm, T., Bang, P., Sara, V.R., Gustafsson, J., Growth hormone treatment in young children with Down's Syndrome: effects on growth and psychomotor development (1999) Arch Dis Child, 80, pp. 334-338Gorla, J.I., Duarte, E., Costa, L.T., Fabia, F., Crescimento de crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Down - uma breve revisão de literature [Growth of children and adolescents with Down syndrome -a brief literature review] (2011) Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum, 13 (3), pp. 230-23

Characterization of bovine respiratory syncytial virus isolated in Brazil

This paper presents the first isolation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in Brazil and its physicochemical, morphological and molecular characterization. The virus was isolated from 33 samples of nasotracheal secretions, successively inoculated into a Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell culture, which was characterized by physicochemical tests and morphological observation by electron microscopy. The Brazilian sample is an RNA pleomorphic, enveloped, thermolabile and non-hemagglutinating spicular virus. Reverse transcription, followed by nested polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) assay was carried out using oligonucleotides B1, B2A, B3 and B4 for the fusion proteins (F) and B5A, B6A, B7A and B8 for the attachment protein (G). The nRT-PCR-F amplified a fragment of 481 bp corresponding to part of the gene that codes for protein F, whereas nRT-PCR-G amplified a fragment of 371 bp, in agreement with part of the G gene. The virus isolated from Brazilian samples in this study corresponded to the bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and RT-PCR proved to be useful for the diagnosis of bovine clinical samples.21321