Retrospective analysis of breast cancer prognosis among young and older women in a Brazilian cohort of 738 patients, 1985-2002

Invasive breast cancer (BC) is infrequent among women aged.5.40 years, however, the disease outlook in these younger patients is generally worse than among older women. The present study aimed to compare socio-demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics, and their association with long-term survival, between two random cohorts of young (<= 40 years) and older (50-69 years) Brazilian patients with BC. The cohort comprised of 738 randomly selected women who were diagnosed with BC at Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation (Barretos, Brazil) between January 1985 and December 2002; the patients included young women (n=376) and older women (n=362). The current analysis suggested that BC in young women is associated with numerous pathological features of aggressiveness. Second cancer and bilateral BC were independent predictors of a poor outcome in the younger group. Furthermore, C-erB-2 was positively correlated with poor outcome in the older group, whereas estrogen receptor status and TNM stage were associated with disease prognosis in both groups. The overall survival rates of the two age groups were similar except when analyzed according the treatment period (1997-2002). Although patients aged <= 40 years harbored tumors with more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics, these characteristics were not independent predictors of overall survival. The present study indicates that medical advances associated with prevention of breast cancer may improve screening programs, which may therefore increase early diagnosis and subsequently lower mortality rates.The authors thank the Public Ministry of Labor (Research, Prevention and Education of Occupational Cancer) in Campinas, Brazil, and the Lions Club of Brazil for partial financial support of the present study and Dr. Vinicius de Lima Vazquez (Department of Skin cancer and Melanoma, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil) for assistance with the statistical analysis. The abstract was previously published in The Breast 23 (Suppl): S11, 2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ANÁLISE HISTOPATOLÓGICA DO EPITÉLIO RENAL EM CAMUNDONGOS EXPOSTOS À INALAÇÃO DO HERBICIDA ÁCIDO 2,4 DICLOROFENOXIACÉTICO

One of the most widely used herbicides in Brazil, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), has a hazardous grade III. Its excretion is mainly renal, which can cause damage to this system. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible histopathological changes in Swiss mouse kidneys caused by exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. For the experiment were used 80 male adult Swiss mice divided into groups, which were then exposed to the herbicide. After euthanasia and autopsy, the kidneys were removed and histologically analyzed. The results obtained from the statistical analysis of the tubular area and renal lumen area, together with previously published studies, have shown that there is little scientific evidence showing inflammatory and/or mutagenic potential of acute exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, however, changes can may exist due to chronic exposure to the herbicide, so further research is needed for further clarification and decision making.Um dos herbicidas mais usados no Brasil, Ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), possui grau III de periculosidade. Sua excreção é principalmente renal, o que pode acarretar danos a esse sistema. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as possíveis alterações histopatológicas em rins de camundongos da linhagem Swiss causadas pela exposição ao Ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético. Para o experimento foram utilizados 80 camundongos Swiss adultos machos divididos em grupos, sendo esses, então, expostos ao herbicida. Após a eutanásia e autópsia, foram retirados os rins, e analisados histologicamente. O resultado obtido da análise estatística da área tubular e área da luz renal, juntamente com trabalhos já publicados, demonstraram que existe pouca evidência cientifica que mostre potencial inflamatório e/ou mutagênico da exposição aguda ao ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético, porém, alterações podem existir levando-se em conta uma exposição crônica ao herbicida, logo, é necessário o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas para futuros esclarecimentos e tomadas de decisões

ANÁLISE MORFOLÓGICA DOS PROCESSOS PATOLÓGICOS GERAIS EM RINS DE RATOS OBESOS E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO

The objective of the study was to compare the morphological findings, quantify the inflammation and renal fibrosis in obese rats submitted to physical exercise. Male Wistar rats were used. Control animals were fed standard feed and tap water, and the obese were fed a hyperlipidic diet. These animals were submitted to intermittent training, where the movement of complete extension of the paw was performed, lifting a load positioned at the back of the vest. The animals' kidneys were collected to evaluate the findings. Regarding the histopathological analysis, no general pathological processes were evidenced. When the fibrosis quantification was performed, no significant results were observed between the groups. It was concluded that no general pathological processes were observed in the kidneys of obese rats and their relationship with physical exercise. In this way, it is suggested to carry out new studies with longer protocols in order to better elucidate the results. &nbsp; KEYWORDS:&nbsp;Obesity, Kidney, Inflammation, Fibrosis, Exercise.O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os achados morfológicos, quantificar a inflamação e fibrose renal em ratos obesos submetidos ao exercício físico. Foram utilizados 56 ratos machos Wistar. Os animais controles foram alimentados com ração padrão e água de torneira, e os obesos por uma dieta hiperlipídica. Esses animaisforam submetidos ao treinamento intermitente, onde se realizou o movimento de extensão completa da pata, levantando uma carga posicionada na parte posterior do colete. Foram coletados os rins dos animais para avaliar os achados. Com relação à análise histopatológica, não foram evidenciados processos patológicos gerais. Ao ser realizada a quantificação de fibrose, não foram evidenciados resultados significativos entre os grupos. Conclui-se que não foram evidenciados processos patológicos gerais em rins de ratos obesos e sua relação com o exercício físico. Desta forma, é sugerida a realização de novos estudos com protocolos mais longos a fim de elucidar melhor os resultados. Palavras-chaves:&nbsp;Obesidade, rim, Inflamação, fibrose, exercício

Updated cardiovascular prevention guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: 2019

Sem informação113478788

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author