Buckling length of a steel column for fire design

The Eurocode 3 part 1-2 gives some simple rules to determine the buckling length lfi of a steel column for fire design. In the case of a braced frame in which each storey comprises a separate fire compartment with sufficient fire resistance, Eurocode 3 suggests that the buckling length may be taken as lfi=0.5L in an intermediate storey and as lfi=0.7L in the top storey, where L is the system length in the relevant storey.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2Y-4MYMP09-1/1/a7f3181ad12d91b9f77b14c13ecb449

Global phylogeography suggests extensive eucosmopolitanism in Mesopelagic Fishes (Maurolicus: Sternoptychidae)

Fishes in the mesopelagic zone (200–1000 m) have recently been highlighted for potential exploitation. Here we assess global phylogeography in Maurolicus, the Pearlsides, an ecologically important group. We obtained new sequences from mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS-2 from multiple locations worldwide, representing 10 described species plus an unknown central South Pacific taxon. Phylogenetic analyses identified five geographically distinct groupings, three of which comprise multiple described species. Species delimitation analyses suggest these may represent four species. Maurolicus muelleri and M. australis are potentially a single species, although as no shared haplotypes are found between the two disjunct groups, we suggest maintenance of these as two species. Maurolicus australis is a predominantly southern hemisphere species found in the Pacific, Indian and southern South Atlantic Oceans, comprising five previously allopatric species. M. muelleri (previously two species) is distributed in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Maurolicus weitzmani (previously two species) inhabits the eastern equatorial Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and western North and South Atlantic. Maurolicus mucronatus is restricted to the Red Sea. No Maurolicus have previously been reported in the central South Pacific but we have identified a distinct lineage from this region, which forms a sister group to Maurolicus from the Red Sea.publishedVersio

Desempenho reprodutivo de cinco linhagens de aves da raça Leghorn branca e dois de seus cruzamentos.

An experiment involving five pure lines of white Leghorn hens was conducted to evaluate their productive performance, compared with two crosses derived from two of them and a commercial strain. The research was done at the poultry section of "Departamento de Zootecnia at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, from August 1983 to September 1984. When the pullets reached 20 weeks of age they were set in laying cages (eight pullets per cage), in an arrangement of eight treatments, with six replicates each. They were fed a diet with 16,5% crude protein and 2,800 Kcal EM/kg. The analysed data were: daily feed intake, body weight, egg production, egg weight, egg mace, feed conversion, feed efficiency, egg specific gravity and Haugh units. The results showed similar productive performance of the lines C, E, F, and G compared to the commercial strain, in spite of the low production of this group of hens. The body weight of two cross lines CE and EC were significantly higher than all the other lines, showing effects of heterosis for this variable, which probably caused their low productive performance. O experimento foi desenvolvido como objetivo de avaliar o potencial produtivo de cinco linhas puras de poedeiras Leghorn branca (C, E, F, G e H) e de dois cruzamentos provenientes de duas delas (CE e EC), comparados com uma linha comercial. A fase experimental foi desenvolvida no setor de avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, de agosto de 1983 a setembro de 1984. As aves foram alojadas, às vinte semanas de idade, em gaiolas de postura, com oito aves por gaiola, compondo oito tratamentos de seis repetições cada um. As aves receberam ração com 16,5% de proteína bruta, 2.800 Kcal de EM/kg. Os parâmetros analisados foram: consumo alimentar diário, peso corporal, produção de ovos, peso do ovo, massa do ovo, conversão alimentar, eficiência alimentar, gravidade específica do ovo e unidades "Haugh". Os resultados de produção mostram que as linhas C, E, F e G foram semelhantes à testemunha, apesar dos baixos índices produtivos destas últimas. Os cruzamentos CE e EC foram mais pesados, diferindo significativamente das demais linhas, apresentando efeito de heterose para esta característica, e provavelmente os baixos desempenhos devem-se ao maior peso destas aves.

Improvement in muscular strength and aerobic capacities in elderly people occurs independently of physical training type or exercise model

OBJECTIVES: Progressive decline of physiological processes with aging is normal. Aging is also associated with decreased functional capacity and onset of many diseases. This study evaluated the changes in physical fitness (PF), body composition (BC), and lipid profile (LP) in elderly men completing different training protocols. METHODS: Fifty-five men (age 60-80 years) were randomized into the following groups: without training, aerobic training on dry land, combined training on dry land, and combined training in water. Training was conducted for 8 weeks, and PF, LP, and BC were assessed at the beginning and end of the intervention. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in all parameters; however, combined programs on land or in water were more effective at improving strength and aerobic fitness. Combined exercise produced greater effects on BC and LP and some muscle fitness parameters; however, improvements in muscular and aerobic capacities occurred independently of exercise type or model. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the effects of training occur regardless of training type or model, and are directly associated with training periodization, adherence, and regularit

Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Inhibits Plasmodium Falciparum Cytoadhesion And Merozoite Invasion.

Sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (Pf-iEs) in the microvasculature of vital organs plays a key role in the pathogenesis of life-threatening malaria complications, such as cerebral malaria and malaria in pregnancy. This phenomenon is marked by the cytoadhesion of Pf-iEs to host receptors on the surfaces of endothelial cells, on noninfected erythrocytes, and in the placental trophoblast; therefore, these sites are potential targets for antiadhesion therapies. In this context, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), including heparin, have shown the ability to inhibit Pf-iE cytoadherence and growth. Nevertheless, the use of heparin was discontinued due to serious side effects, such as bleeding. Other GAG-based therapies were hampered due to the potential risk of contamination with prions and viruses, as some GAGs are isolated from mammals. In this context, we investigated the effects and mechanism of action of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS), a unique and highly sulfated GAG isolated from the sea cucumber, with respect to P. falciparum cytoadhesion and development. FucCS was effective in inhibiting the cytoadherence of Pf-iEs to human lung endothelial cells and placenta cryosections under static and flow conditions. Removal of the sulfated fucose branches of the FucCS structure virtually abolished the inhibitory effects of FucCS. Importantly, FucCS rapidly disrupted rosettes at high levels, and it was also able to block parasite development by interfering with merozoite invasion. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of FucCS as a candidate for adjunct therapy against severe malaria.581862-7