Legislação ambiental e degradação ambiental do solo pela atividade petrolífera no Brasil

Os objetivos deste trabalho são: i) analisar a degradação ambiental resultante da intensa atividade antrópica, particularmente a contaminação do solo, sob a perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável e da legislação ambiental brasileira, e ii) contribuir para a superação das lacunas encontradas na regulamentação e nas políticas públicas voltadas para a proteção dos solos no país e para futuras pesquisas empíricas de avaliação dos impactos ambientais, reais e potenciais, causados pelo petróleo e seus derivados ao solo. Após uma análise bibliográfica de textos sobre solo, políticas públicas, desenvolvimento sustentável, direito ambiental e Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente e do arcabouço legal relativo à legislação federal em vigor até março de 2012, sob a perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável, são apontados os pontos de aproximação e distanciamento entre as disposições legais e conceituais acerca da sustentabilidade e a realidade das práticas governamentais em relação à manutenção da qualidade do solo no Brasil. Conclui-se afirmando que há uma ausência de regulamentação clara sobre a poluição do solo causada por petróleo e derivados e o seu tratamento é considerado de forma secundária, o que dificulta uma integração entre o desenvolvimento da atividade petrolífera no país e a conservação da qualidade do solo para as presentes e futuras gerações

The first 62 AGN observed with SDSS-IV MaNGA - IV: gas excitation and star-formation rate distributions

We present maps of the ionized gas flux distributions, excitation, star-formation rate SFR, surface mass density $\Sigma_{H+}$, and obtain total values of SFR and ionized gas masses {\it M} for 62 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) observed with SDSS-IV MaNGA and compare them with those of a control sample of 112 non-active galaxies. The most luminous AGN -- with L(\rm{[OIII]}\lambda 5007) \ge 3.8\times 10^{40}\,\mbox{erg}\,\mbox{s}^{-1}, and those hosted by earlier-type galaxies are dominated by Seyfert excitation within 0.2 effective radius $R_e$ from the nucleus, surrounded by LINER excitation or transition regions, while the less luminous and hosted by later-type galaxies show equally frequent LINER and Seyfert excitation within $0.2\,R_e$. The extent $R$ of the region ionized by the AGN follows the relation $R\propto\,L(\rm{[OIII]})^{0.5}$ -- as in the case of the Broad-Line Region. The SFR distribution over the region ionized by hot stars is similar for AGN and controls, while the integrated SFR -- in the range $10^{-3}-10$\,M$_\odot$\,yr$^{-1}$ is also similar for the late-type sub-sample, but higher in the AGN for 75\% of the early-type sub-sample. We thus conclude that there is no signature of AGN quenching star formation in the body of the galaxy in our sample. We also find that 66\% of the AGN have higher ionized gas masses $M$ than the controls -- in the range 10$^5-3\times10^7$\,M$_\odot$ -- while 75\% of the AGN have higher $\Sigma_{H+}$ within $0.2\,R_e$ than the control galaxies

Osteoblastic Nasal Osteosarcoma in a Wagyu Bovine

Background: Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor with a wide variety of histological patterns. It is the primary bone neoplasia diagnosed in most domestic animal clinic, but rare in farm animals. The tumor develops both the appendicular skeleton as the axial skeleton, the latter being less affected. Generally it has a fast, painful and infiltrative grow, being observed metastasis. This study aims to report a case of metastatic osteoblastic osteosarcoma in the nasal bone of a bovine, diagnosed at the Animal Pathology Laboratory at the University of Passo Fundo (UPF), featuring its pathological and immunohistochemical aspects.Case: A 5 year old Wagyu female beef cattle, was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Passo Fundo. The animal had swelling in the left nasal plan, dyspnoea and anorexia. It was held cytology and biopsy which revealed malignant mesenchymal neoplasm compatible with osteosarcoma. The clinical picture has worsened and the animal died. At necropsy, the left nasal plane, had ulcerated tumor mass measuring 15x12.5x7.5 cm, hard and firm consistency with whitish color that seeped up to the turbinates and sinuses. In the lung, there were numerous nodules of tumor appearance, adhered to the parietal pleura, similar to bone tissue. In the histopathological analysis, proliferation of neoplastic cells located in the deep dermis was observed, cell thick, well-defined and infiltrative, arranged in bundles, loosely grouped with rounded shape, sometimes oval, with distinct boundaries. There were areas with formation of osteoid matrix calcification and tumor necrosis. It was observed lung and regional lymph nodes metastasis. Tissue samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC), was performed using the polymer method with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), with positive control, using a panel of antibodies. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for vimentin and negative for other antibodies. Thus, confirmed the case of mesenchymal origin and bone tumor.Discussion: Osteosarcoma developing in the axial skeleton, more precisely in the nasal bone, in animals of this age group, is not found frequently in the literature. However, when they occur, they have unilateral injury, remarkable facial deformities, dyspnea and infiltration of adjacent tissues. During necropsy there was observed a mass of hard consistency suggesting bone tissue in the nasal plane, there was also observed whitish spots on the lung and lymph nodes. Through microscopic analysis was obtained the classification of osteoblastic osteosarcoma. Being a malignant tumor it has a fast and infiltrative growth, there was visualized metastasis in lung and mediastinal lymph nodes. The samples submitted to immunohistochemistry were positive for vimentin and negative for other antibodies. No treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgical intervention to remove the tumor was possible to be performed. Due to the severity of the clinical condition, the mass location, which couldn’t be obtained a safe surgical margin and it was financially unviable. The presumptive diagnosis of osteosarcoma was based on clinical history, anamnesis and cytological examination. However, the histopathological examination was essential to confirm the diagnosis. Through immunohistochemical examination, it was found the histogenesis, allowing to exclude other neoplasias. This technic was essential to characterize osteosarcoma due to the shortage reports of this neoplasia in farm animals, therefore, very important in veterinary medicine diagnosis.Keywords: neoplasia, bone, axial skeleton, ruminant, immunohistochemical and anatomopathological aspects

Eugenia pyriformis ('uvaia') intoxication of sheep / Intoxicação por Eugenia pyriformis ('uvaia') em ovinos

This study describes the clinical and pathological picture of a disease followed by death in sheep raised for subsistence, characterized by difficulty in locomotion, sternal decubitus, severe dyspnea, opisthotonos, and pedaling movements, followed by death. The disease occurred in February 2020 in the northern state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, due to the consumption of the fruits of Eugenia pyriformis ('uvaia'). All sheep that became ill later died, resulting in morbidity of 68.75% and mortality of 100%. An autopsy revealed the presence of E. pyriformis fruits with or without seeds in the rumen, in addition to the diet provided to the animals. The main histological findings consisted of edema and perivascular cuffs in the frontal telencephalon, nephrosis and glomerular necrosis, in addition to glomerulosclerosis. One sheep had heightened urea and creatinine and lower levels of non-protein thiols. Deaths ceased once animals were prevented from accessing E. pyriformis. These findings confirm that this plant was responsible for the deaths of the animals and point to the possibility of E. pyriformis having neurotoxic and nephrotoxic action on sheep

Precessing winds from the nucleus of the prototype Red Geyser?

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are present at the centre of most galaxies, with the related mass accretion processes giving origin to outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). It has been presumed that only intense winds from luminous AGNs were able to suppress star formation until the discovery of a new class of galaxies with no recent star formation and with the nucleus in a quiescent state showing kpc scale outflows. We used SDSS MaNGA and Gemini Integral Field Spectroscopy of the prototype Red Geyser Akira and found that the orientation of the outflow changes by about 50° from its nucleus to kpc scales. A possible interpretation is that the outflow is produced by a precessing accretion disc due to a misalignment between the orientation of the disc and the spin of the SMBH. The precession of the central source is also supported by a similar change in the orientation of the ionization pattern. Although similar behaviour has commonly being reported for collimated relativistic jets, the precession of an AGN wide wind is reported here for the first time, implying on a larger work surface of the wind, which in turn increases the star formation suppression efficiency of the outflow

The first 62 AGN observed with SDSS-IV MaNGA – III : stellar and gas kinematics

We investigate the effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) on the gas kinematics of their host galaxies, using MaNGA data for a sample of 62 AGN hosts and 109 control galaxies (inactive galaxies). We compare orientation of the line of nodes (kinematic position angle – PA) measured from the gas and stellar velocity fields for the two samples. We found that AGN hosts and control galaxies display similar kinematic PA offsets between gas and stars. However, we note that AGN have larger fractional velocity dispersion σ differences between gas and stars [σfrac = (σgas − σstars)/σstars] when compared to their controls, as obtained from the velocity dispersion values of the central (nuclear) pixel (2. 5 diameter). The AGN have a median value of σfrac of AGN = 0.04, while the median value for the control galaxies is CTR =−0.23. 75 per cent of the AGN show σfrac > −0.13, while 75 per cent of the normal galaxies show σfrac < −0.04, thus we suggest that the parameter σfrac can be used as an indicator of AGN activity. We find a correlation between the [OIII]λ5007 luminosity and σfrac for our sample. Our main conclusion is that the AGN already observed with MaNGA are not powerful enough to produce important outflows at galactic scales, but at 1–2 kpc scales, AGN feedback signatures are always present on their host galaxies