Genetic and environmental factors involved in the development of oral malformations such as cleft lip/palate in non-syndromic patients and open bite malocclusion

Among the most common malformations observed in the oral cavity are cleft lip/palate and malocclusions, being this last one considered by the World Health Organization, the third public health problem. Malocclusions include the anterior open bite, a change in the vertical plane, that can be of two types: dental anterior open bite and skeletal anterior open bite. Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most common congenital malformations at birth. These malformations result from a failure in the normal craniofacial development process, which requires the coordination of a complex series of events. From the embryological point of view, the cleft lip/palate is a consequence of the failure of the first superior branchial arch to complete fusion with the frontonasal process during pregnancy. All these malformations result from the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors involved in the development of malocclusions are deleterious habits, mouth breathing and trauma. Several genes involved in the development of facial bones, muscles and teeth are also responsible for the development of malocclusions. In the same way, clefts development is a multifactorial trait where multiple genes are involved as well as environmental factor like alcohol consumption, tobacco, exposure to pesticides or toxic solvents, in a complex interaction. All these factors may jeopardize the normal functioning of the stomatognathic system and the consequent quality of life of the patient. The purpose of this study was to review the literature concerning the genetic and environmental aspects involved in the development of these malformations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparison of the co-amorphization ability of Olanzapine with amino, carboxylic and sulfonic acids

Abstract of the poster presented at the 3rd European Conference on Pharmaceutics. 25-26 March 2019, Bologne, ItalyN/

From sugarcane to skin: lignin as a multifunctional ingredient for cosmetic application

Lignin has been suggested as a promising candidate for cosmetic applications due to its remarkable potential to absorb ultraviolet rays and distinctive antioxidant activity. This study aims at evaluating the performance of lignin from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as natural UV blocker, antioxidant, and pigment. Lignin was extracted from SCB, characterized and incorporated into a blemish balm (BB) cream. The biological potential, concretely, in vitro and in vivo sun protection factor (SPF) and in vitro UVA-PF, and safety were assessed. A high-purity SCB lignin (>92 %) was obtained by a mild alkaline extraction process. The results of cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, skin sensitization and in vivo acute cutaneous irritation demonstrated that SCB lignin is safe for topical applications. Lignin showed capacity to scavenge both ABTS and DPPH radicals, which were preserved after its incorporation into the cosmetic formulation. Notable results were achieved in terms of in vitro and in vivo SPF of 9.5 ± 2.9 and 9.6 ± 0.8, respectively. Furthermore, the tested lignin-based BB cream revealed a broad-spectrum UV protection (critical wavelength of 378 ± 0.5 nm). These results suggest SCB lignin as multifunctional and safe ingredient for use in cosmetic products.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sugarcane light-colored lignin: a renewable resource for sustainable beauty

Lignin has emerged as a promising eco-friendly multifunctional ingredient for cosmetic applications, due to its ability to protect against ultraviolet radiation and its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, its typical dark color and low water solubility limit its application in cosmetics. This study presents a simple process for obtaining light-colored lignin (LCLig) from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) alkaline black liquor, involving an oxidation treatment with hydrogen peroxide, followed by precipitation with sulfuric acid. The physico-chemical characterization, antioxidant and emulsifying potential of LCLig, and determination of its safety and stability in an oil-in-water emulsion were performed. A high-purity lignin (81.6%) with improved water solubility was obtained, as a result of the balance between the total aromatic phenolic units and the carboxylic acids. In addition, the antioxidant and emulsifying capacities of the obtained LCLig were demonstrated. The color reduction treatment did not compromise the safety of lignin for topical cosmetic applications. The emulsion was stable in terms of organoleptic properties (color, pH, and viscosity) and antioxidant activity over 3 months at 4, 25, and 40 °C.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A review on the valorization of lignin from sugarcane by-products: from extraction to application

The sugarcane industry generates several by-products including the harvest residue (straw) and the fibrous fraction following juice extraction (bagasse). The conversion of sugarcane industry by-products into value-added products is of paramount importance from a sustainable circular economy perspective. Also, the increase of second-generation bioethanol production has triggered the development of approaches to convert residues into functional bioproducts thus increasing the overall sustainability of the process. Lignin is the major biopolymer in nature, and one of the three main components of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and straw (SCS) biomasses. Due to the potential of lignin as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and ultraviolet protector, lignin-based research and new product development have significantly increased. Therefore, this review aims at updating the progress on the valorization of SCS and SCB, and emphasizing their main potential bioactivities and applications, thus serving as a valuable reference material for the academy and industry. A brief introduction of the sugarcane and sugar industry in terms of by-products generation and current end-uses is presented. Recent research studies on SCB and SCS delignification techniques, lignin purification/separation and the main physical-chemical differences between SCS and SCB are covered. The most reported biological activities for sugarcane lignin and their potential applications in the cosmetic and materials fields are also detailed in this review.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sugarcane bagasse as source of bioactive lignin: influence of pretreatment on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Sugarcane industry generates several by-products of particular interest in the context of a circular economy, due to their potential as a source of value-added ingredients. Bagasse is one of the main by-products, consisting of a fibrous fraction obtained after juice extraction. Sugarcane bagasse is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, with lower amounts of extractives and ash (del Río et al., 2015). Lignin is one of the most abundant renewable resources on earth and recognized as a profitable source of high value compounds. The main functions attributed to lignin in the plant are elasticity and mechanical strength. It is a complex aromatic macromolecule formed by the dehydrogenative polymerization of three phenylpropanoid monomers coniferyl, synapyl, and p-coumaryl alcohols. The antimicrobial activity of lignin is related to plant sources and attributed to the phenolic components, particularly the side-chain structure and its functional groups (Chauhan, 2020). The antioxidant activity of lignin is mainly attributed to the scavenging action of their phenolic structures on oxygen-containing reactive free radicals. For the antioxidant activity of the lignin, free phenolic hydroxyl groups and ortho-methoxy substitution in aromatic rings are essential. The structural characteristics of lignin depend on several factors including the botanical origin, and environmental growth and extraction conditions. The main objective of this work was to study the potential of lignin from sugarcane bagasse as antimicrobial and antioxidant agent and assess the influence of two different pretreatments - deep eutectic solvents and organosolv – on the biological potential.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estudo Paramétrico do Efeito de Arco em Barragens de Terra

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo o estudo paramétrico do efeito de arco numa barragem de terra. O efeito de arco está intrinsecamente ligado à segurança das barragens de aterro contudo, embora seja objeto de estudo em barragens de enrocamento, o seu efeito não é muito estudado em barragens de terra. O fenómeno de efeito de arco surge associado à fase de construção da barragem, primeiro enchimento e exploração da mesma. Propõe-se o estudo deste fenómeno durante a fase de construção da barragem. pelo que se começa por uma breve descrição relativamente ao efeito de arco e qual a importância do seu estudo. A diferença entre os assentamentos ocorridos no núcleo da barragem e nos maciços durante a construção da barragem provoca uma variação de tensões no núcleo da barragem que podem levar à fraturação hidráulica. À diferença de tensões existente entre o núcleo e os maciços chamamos de efeito de arco. Neste trabalho, recorrendo ao software Plaxis2D, apresenta-se um primeiro caso base descrevendo o faseamento construtivo do mesmo. Procede-se a uma análise aos deslocamentos verticais, tensões verticais totais e tensões verticais efetivas considerando vários tempos de consolidação e diferentes estados de saturação dos materiais. É ainda feito um estudo relativamente à secção a considerar para analise do efeito neste caso base e de seguida analisa-se o efeito de arco. Por fim, efetua-se uma análise paramétrica onde se estuda a influência no efeito de arco da deformabilidade do maciço e do núcleo, da resistência ao corte no maciço e no núcleo, das inclinações dos taludes do núcleo e da altura da barragem. De onde se concluiu que o parâmetro com maior influência no efeito de arco é a deformabilidade dos maciços e do núcleo

Valorization of lignin from sugarcane by-products: review

The valorization of sugarcane industry by-products is fundamental to increase competitiveness on a circular economy point of view. Straw and bagasse are by-products with huge potential as source of added value ingredients. Lignin is an abundant component found in these by-products with proved biological activity, particularly antimicrobial, antioxidant and UV protection. Additionally, recent applications on materials have been reported for lignin-based products.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

High value-added lignin extracts from sugarcane by-products

This study evaluates the production of lignin bioactive extracts from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and straw (SCS) alkaline black liquors using greener precipitating agents (methane sulfonic acid (MSA), formic acid (FA) and lactic acid (LA)) as replacers of sulfuric acid (SA), the most common one used in industry. Results showed that the highest precipitation yield was achieved by LA when applied to SCB (14.5 g extract/g SCB). Lignin SCB extracts were similar in composition in terms of total carbohydrates (61–70 %), lignin (22–30 %) and inorganics (1.6–2.6 %). Regarding the SCS extracts, similar yields were obtained among all extracts, however; differences in composition were observed between SA and greener precipitating agents, particularly in terms of sugar content. All extracts exhibited radical scavenging activity; overall the extracts were more effective in the scavenging of ABTS radical. FA was the most promising alternative to SA to recover lignin bioactive extracts. This work suggests organic acids as good candidates for obtaining valuable extracts from alkaline pulping of SCB and SCS instead of the conventional sulfuric acid, thus suggesting a green solution for this biomass valorization.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lignin from sugarcane bagasse as a prebiotic additive for poultry feed

Diet is a crucial factor on health and well-being of livestock animals. Nutritional strengthening with diet formulations is essential to the livestock industry and animal perfor-mance. Searching for valuable feed additives among by-products may promote not only circular economy, but also functional diets. Lignin from sugarcane bagasse was proposed as a potential prebiotic additive for chickens and incorporated at 1 % (w/w) in commercial chicken feed, tested in two feed forms, namely, mash and pellets. Physico-chemical characterization of both feed types with and without lignin was performed. Also, the prebiotic potential for feeds with lignin was assessed by an in vitro gastrointestinal model and evaluated the impact on chicken cecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. As for the pellet's physical quality, there was a higher cohesion of the pellets with lignin, indicating a higher resistance to breakout and lignin decreases the tendency of the pellets for microbial contamination. Regarding the prebiotic potential, mash feed with lignin showed higher promotion of Bifidobacterium in comparison with mash feed without lignin and to pellet feed with lignin. Lignin from sugarcane bagasse has prebiotic potential as additive to chicken feed when supplemented in mash feed diets, presenting itself as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to chicken feed additives supplementation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio