Chronic disease prevalence from Italian administrative databases in the VALORE project: a validation through comparison of population estimates with general practice databases and national survey

BACKGROUND: Administrative databases are widely available and have been extensively used to provide estimates of chronic disease prevalence for the purpose of surveillance of both geographical and temporal trends. There are, however, other sources of data available, such as medical records from primary care and national surveys. In this paper we compare disease prevalence estimates obtained from these three different data sources. METHODS: Data from general practitioners (GP) and administrative transactions for health services were collected from five Italian regions (Veneto, Emilia Romagna, Tuscany, Marche and Sicily) belonging to all the three macroareas of the country (North, Center, South). Crude prevalence estimates were calculated by data source and region for diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For diabetes and COPD, prevalence estimates were also obtained from a national health survey. When necessary, estimates were adjusted for completeness of data ascertainment. RESULTS: Crude prevalence estimates of diabetes in administrative databases (range: from 4.8% to 7.1%) were lower than corresponding GP (6.2%-8.5%) and survey-based estimates (5.1%-7.5%). Geographical trends were similar in the three sources and estimates based on treatment were the same, while estimates adjusted for completeness of ascertainment (6.1%-8.8%) were slightly higher. For ischaemic heart disease administrative and GP data sources were fairly consistent, with prevalence ranging from 3.7% to 4.7% and from 3.3% to 4.9%, respectively. In the case of heart failure administrative estimates were consistently higher than GPs' estimates in all five regions, the highest difference being 1.4% vs 1.1%. For COPD the estimates from administrative data, ranging from 3.1% to 5.2%, fell into the confidence interval of the Survey estimates in four regions, but failed to detect the higher prevalence in the most Southern region (4.0% in administrative data vs 6.8% in survey data). The prevalence estimates for COPD from GP data were consistently higher than the corresponding estimates from the other two sources. CONCLUSION: This study supports the use of data from Italian administrative databases to estimate geographic differences in population prevalence of ischaemic heart disease, treated diabetes, diabetes mellitus and heart failure. The algorithm for COPD used in this study requires further refinement

Influence of antisynthetase antibodies specificities on antisynthetase syndrome clinical spectrum time course

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD) is a rare clinical condition that is characterized by the occurrence of a classic clinical triad, encompassing myositis, arthritis, and interstitial lung disease (ILD), along with specific autoantibodies that are addressed to different aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARS). Until now, it has been unknown whether the presence of a different ARS might affect the clinical presentation, evolution, and outcome of ASSD. In this study, we retrospectively recorded the time of onset, characteristics, clustering of triad findings, and survival of 828 ASSD patients (593 anti-Jo1, 95 anti-PL7, 84 anti-PL12, 38 anti-EJ, and 18 anti-OJ), referring to AENEAS (American and European NEtwork of Antisynthetase Syndrome) collaborative group's cohort. Comparisons were performed first between all ARS cases and then, in the case of significance, while using anti-Jo1 positive patients as the reference group. The characteristics of triad findings were similar and the onset mainly began with a single triad finding in all groups despite some differences in overall prevalence. The "ex-novo" occurrence of triad findings was only reduced in the anti-PL12-positive cohort, however, it occurred in a clinically relevant percentage of patients (30%). Moreover, survival was not influenced by the underlying anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase antibodies' positivity, which confirmed that antisynthetase syndrome is a heterogeneous condition and that antibody specificity only partially influences the clinical presentation and evolution of this condition

A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being

The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N=10,535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported β=0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported β=0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity

Itinerário percorrido pelas mulheres na descoberta do câncer Camino recorrido por las mujeres en la descubierta del cáncer The journey experienced by women through a cancer diagnosis

Este estudo se propõe a desvelar o itinerário vivenciado pelas mulheres no processo de descoberta do diagnóstico de câncer. Como estratégia teórico-metodológica, foram utilizados o Interacionismo Simbólico e a Grounded Theory. Foram informantes do estudo 20 indivíduos 10 mulheres portadoras de câncer e seus respectivos familiares significantes. Os resultados mostram desde o momento em que elas vivenciam as primeiras percepções sobre a alteração fisiológica em seu corpo, passando pela busca de ajuda profissional, até o recebimento do diagnóstico de câncer. O itinerário apresentado permite conhecer aspectos da realidade experienciada anteriormente ao recebimento do diagnóstico e ressalta a importância de os profissionais valorizarem mais as queixas das pessoas que os procuram, percebendo que se esta procura aconteceu é porque a pessoa está preocupada. Esta atitude pode favorecer a identificação precoce do problema e, por conseguinte, garantir melhor prognóstico e qualidade de vida.<br>Este estudio propone revelar el camino vivido por las mujeres en el proceso de descubierta del diagnóstico de cáncer. Como estrategia teórico-metodológica fueron utilizados el Interaccionismo Simbólico y la Grounded Theory. Fueron investigados durante el estudio 20 individuos 10 mujeres portadoras de cáncer y sus respectivos familiares próximos. Los resultados muestran desde el momento en que ellas notan las primeras diferencias sobre la alteración fisiológica en su cuerpo, pasando por la búsqueda de ayuda profesional hasta el recibimiento del diagnóstico de cáncer. El camino presentado permite conocer aspectos de la realidad vivida anteriormente al recibimiento del diagnóstico y resalta la importancia de que los profesionales valoren más las quejas de las personas que los buscan, percibiendo que si esta búsqueda ocurrió es porque la persona está preocupada. Esta actitud puede facilitar la identificación precoz del problema y, por consiguiente, garantizar un mejor pronóstico y una mejor calidad de vida.<br>This study intends to reveal the journey experienced by women in the process of facing a cancer diagnosis. Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory were used as theoretical-methodological strategies. Twenty individuals took part in the study - 10 female cancer bearers and their respective significant others. The results are described starting from the moment they experience their first perceptions of the physiologic changes in their bodies, through the search for professional help, to the acknowledgement of a cancer diagnosis. The given itinerary presents aspects of the patients' reality prior to the diagnosis, and emphasizes the importance of professionals giving more credence to the complaints of patients who seek them if the patient made an appointment, it is because that person is concerned. This attitude can promote the early identification of the problem, and consequently guarantee a better prognosis and quality of life

Violência contra as mulheres na perspectiva dos agentes comunitários de saúde

O presente estudo visou conhecer e compreender a violência contra as mulheres na perspectiva dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde inseridos nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família de um município da região noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 35 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, e os mesmos foram analisados pela modalidade temática. As conceituações da violência contra as mulheres centram-se na violência enquanto construção social e de desigualdades de gênero; e violência enquanto construção multifatorial. Em relação às práticas de cuidado e enfrentamento, observaram-se algumas ferramentas: a construção de estratégias de cuidado junto com a equipe; vínculo, escuta e diálogo com a mulher vítima de violência. Acredita-se que este estudo contribua para dar visibilidade a essa problemática como uma necessidade de saúde e assistência e para a construção de estratégias de enfrentamento