Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Direct and indirect effects of leaf-cutting ants (Atta) on vegetation dynamic in a neotropical savanna

Ants are fundamental organisms in the dynamics of several terrestrial ecosystems. In the Neotropical region, leaf-cutting ants detach because their herbivory activity and nest construction have direct and indirect effects on grow, reproduction and survivor of plants. However, the impact of these effects on the dynamics of seedling recruitment remains poorly investigated for the majority of leaf-cutting ants species in many ecosystems. This study examined if herbivory and nest construction by leaf-cutting ants of the Atta genus, could modify the vegetation structure and dynamics in a Brazilian Cerrado, a savanna ecosystem. More specificly, it determined if (a) the foraging activity of leaf-cutting ants have negative impacts in seedling recruitment, (b) nest modify the environmental conditions and (c) the possible changes return different vegetation patterns (abundance and richness) on Atta nest mounds in some Cerrado´s physiognomies. The results present that diaspore removal is higher at areas with leaf-cutting ants and consume of diaspores by this insects correspond one/third of the total removal at ground level. In addition, defoliation by leaf-cutting ants is more intense than by others herbivores, but just some species shown less survivor rates in unclosed seedling to Atta foraging. At all physiognomy studied (cerrado ralo, cerrado denso and mata semidecídua), nest construction and maintenance produced significant modifications on soil conditions on mound nest, including reduction of litterfall biomass, alteration of resistance to penetration, elevation of temperature, less humidity and low nutrients concentration (N, P e K), when compared with surrounding area. Also sample plots on active nests had different vegetation patterns, less abundance and richness of both small (height 20 cm) quanto de grandes (altura entre 20 e 120 cm), existindo também uma vegetação menos densa e empobrecida sobre os sauveiros inativos. No monitoramento da dinâmica da vegetação sobre os sauveiros, em comparação com o entorno do ninho, foi possível observar que existe uma tendência de redução da emergência e ocorre uma pronunciada redução da sobrevivência de plântulas. Aparentemente, o impacto do sauveiro no recrutamento de plântulas se deve pelas condições microclimáticas menos amenas, da intensa desfolha e pelo soterramento das plantas no local, enquanto que a baixa concentração de nutrientes no solo parece não ter efeitos. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a importância do impacto das saúvas na dinâmica da vegetação e demostram que a intensa atividade de forrageio aliada as modificações no ambiente em consequência da construção e manutenção dos sauveiros tem impactos negativos no recrutamento das plântulas no cerrado

Foraging patterns and plant biomass consumed by Atta laevigata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in area of Brazilian Cerrado

Leaf-cutting ants of the genus Atta (Formicidae: Attini) are considered highly generalist herbivores, and they have been frequently referred to as the most prevalent herbivores in the Neotropics. However, most studies on leaf-cutter ants were conducted in lowland tropical rain forests. There is only limited knowledge of the foraging patterns of these ants in Brazilian Cerrado. In this study I determined the diversity of attacked plants by Atta laevigata, patterns of plant selection, and the amount of plant biomass consumed. A. laevigata colonies had a generalist behavioral, attacking 102 plant species. This represented 73 89% of the available plant species. There was a clear distinction between the species composition of attacked plants by colonies and the species composition of the plant community surrounding the nests. I estimate that leaf-cutter ants harvest 17.7% of the leaves produced by cerrado trees, shrubs and vines. This is approximately 2-3 fold more damage than is caused by all other insect herbivores combined. Furthermore, these estimates of herbivory by leaf-cutters are higher than those calculated for tropical rain forests (range = 1.6-17%). Given their selectivity, the frequent defoliation of attacked plants, and the heterogeneous exploration of the area surrounding their nests, leaf-cutting ants probably have a strong influence on the Cerrado vegetation. This could be especially true for highly fragmented and disturbed sites, where Atta populations are greatly elevated.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorMestre em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos NaturaisAs formigas cortadeiras de folhas do gênero Atta (Formicidae: Attini) são consideradas herbívoros altamente generalistas, sendo frequentemente referidas como os herbívoros prevalentes na região neotropical. Contudo, a maioria dos estudos com as formigas cortadeiras foram realizados nas florestas tropicais. No Cerrado existe somente limitado conhecimento sobre os padrões de forrageio destas formigas. Neste estudo determinei a diversidade de plantas atacadas por Atta laevigata, os padrões de seleção das plantas atacadas, além do total de biomassa vegetal consumida por colônias de Atta spp. As colônias de A. laevigata apresentaram um comportamento generalista, atacando 102 espécies de plantas, utilizando entre 73 89% das espécies de plantas disponíveis na área de forrageamento. Houve clara distinção entre a composição de espécies de plantas atacadas e a composição de espécies disponíveis na comunidade de plantas no entorno dos ninhos. Eu estimei que as saúvas consomem 17,7% das folhas produzidas por árvores, arbustos e cipós no cerrado. Isto é aproximadamente de duas a três vezes maior do que o dano causado por todos os outros insetos herbívoros combinados no Cerrado. Ademais, esta estimativa de herbivoria por saúvas é mais alta do que aquelas calculadas para florestas tropicais (variando entre 1,6 17%). Em função da sua seletividade, da freqüente desfolha total das plantas atacadas e da exploração heterogênea da área ao redor dos ninhos, as saúvas provavelmente têm forte influência na vegetação do Cerrado. Isto é particularmente verdade para as áreas altamente fragmentadas e perturbadas, onde as populações de saúvas são muito elevadas

Seleção de plantas e padrão de forrageio da saúva Atta laevigata (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) em uma área de Cerrado na Estação Ecológica do Panga, Uberlândia - MG.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Neste trabalho acompanharam-se quatro ninhos de A. laevigata, para determinar as espécies de planatas exploradas em uma área de cerrado

Interference competition between the crab-eating fox and the hoary fox

<p>Poster presented at the I South American Mastozoology Congress on 2006 about a paper published by our research group on the interspecific competition between two sintopic canids of Brazilian Cerrado, the crab-eating fox and the hoary fox.</p> <p>The link for the complete work follows below and the paper is free.</p

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions forecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosys-tem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts withdomestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their fulldistribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths.Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae(3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data onDasypus pilo-sus(Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized,but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In thisdata paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence andquantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is fromthe southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of theNeotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regardinganteaters,Myrmecophaga tridactylahas the most records (n=5,941), andCyclopessp. havethe fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data isDasypus novemcinctus(n=11,588), and the fewest data are recorded forCalyptophractus retusus(n=33). Withregard to sloth species,Bradypus variegatushas the most records (n=962), andBradypus pyg-maeushas the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to makeoccurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly ifwe integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, andNeotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure,habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possiblewith the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data inpublications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are usingthese data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data