A ANÁLISE MORFOMÉTRICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO ÁGUA DA MARILENA: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA À GESTÃO AMBIENTAL DAS BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS DO EXTREMO NOROESTE DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

A bacia hidrográfica como unidade territorial tem sido tomada como célula básica do planejamento e gerenciamento ambiental. Neste intuito, apresenta-se os resultados do estudo desenvolvido na bacia do Córrego Água da Marilena a partir do pressuposto geossistêmico (BERTRAND, 2007) e dos parâmetros morfométricos (CHRISTOFOLETTI, 1980) no sentido de auxiliar as tomadas de decisões na sua área de drenagem e subsidiar à gestão ambiental de bacias hidrográficas no extremo Noroeste do Estado do Paraná

Efeitos da disponibilidade de nitrogênio e fósforo no estabelecimento de Spartina alterniflora em um plano entremarés irregularmente alagado

Salt marshes are intertidal environments covered by herbaceous halophytes responsible by high primary production and habitats for several invertebrates and fishes. In Rio Grande do Sul State (RS; southern Brazil), salt marshes suffered increasing anthropogenic impact and cumulative losses of their surface due to natural erosion. This study evaluated the process of establishing a new salt marsh by planting the grass Spartina alterniflora in a beach of the estuary of Patos Lagoon (RS), under different treatments for nutrient addition. Vegetative propagules of S. alterniflora (n = 1113) were planted spaced 1 m apart, inside 3 similar planting blocks. Propagules were divided among four groups treated with distinct nutrients: nitrogen (N-NH4 +), phosphorus (P-PO4 -3), a combination of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) and control, without nutrient addition. After 4 months, plants treated with P and NP showed higher survivorship (82% e 87%) than plants treated only with N (70%) and control plants (75%), suggesting that phosphorus is a stimulating factor to root formation and is also responsible for the success in establishment. Propagules treated with combined N and P produced 143% more tiller, their tillers were 21% taller and rhizomes 75% longer than control propagules. The growth response of S. alterniflora at the addition of N and P showed spatial variation. Plants established in the central block of transplantation, where lower availability of soluble phosphate was found, showed the best development and had their growth increased by the addition of phosphate. This response seems to be related to an increased aerenchyma density of large S. alterniflora stand that may lead to rhiszosphere oxidation. Key words: Spartina, nutrient, biogenic responses, transplantation.Marismas são ambientes na zona entremarés, dominados por vegetação herbácea halófita, responsáveis por elevada produção primária e hábitats para vários invertebrados e peixes. No Rio Grande do Sul, as marismas vêm sofrendo crescentes impactos antrópicos e perdas cumulativas devido a processos erosivos naturais. Este estudo avaliou o processo de estabelecimento de uma nova marisma, a partir do plantio da grama Spartina alterniflora, sob diferentes tratamentos de adição de nutrientes, em uma praia do estuário da lagoa dos Patos (RS, Brasil). Propágulos vegetativos de S. alterniflora (n = 1113) foram transplantados com um espaçamento de 1 m, em três blocos de plantio. As mudas foram submetidas a quatro tratamentos de adição de nutrientes: nitrogênio (N-NH4 +), fósforo (P-PO4 -3), nitrogênio e fósforo juntos (NP) e controle sem adição de nutrientes. Após quatro meses de plantio, plantas tratadas com P e NP apresentaram taxas de sobrevivência maiores (82% e 87%) do que as de plantas tratadas apenas com N (70%) e as do controle sem nutrientes (75%), sugerindo que o fósforo pode ser um fator estimulante da formação das raízes e do sucesso no estabelecimento. A adição conjunta de N e P resultou em aumentos médios de 143% no número de hastes por propágulo, 21% na altura das hastes e 75% da expansão horizontal dos rizomas, em relação às mudas do controle sem adição de nutrientes. Plantas no nível médio do bloco central de plantio, onde foi encontrada uma menor disponibilidade de fosfato, apresentaram o melhor desenvolvimento e tiveram seus crescimentos estimulados pela adição de fosfato. Esta resposta parece relacionada a uma densidade aumentada de aerênquima destas plantas grandes, que leva a oxidação da rizosfera. Palavras-chave: Spartina, nutriente, respostas biogênicas, transplante

Trust and control interrelations: New perspectives on the trust control nexus

This article is the post-print version of the published article that may be accessed at the link below. Copyright @ 2007 Sage Publications.This article introduces the special issue on New Perspectives on the Trust-Control Nexus in Organizational Relations. Trust and control are interlinked processes commonly seen as key to reach effectiveness in inter- and intraorganizational relations. The relation between trust and control is, however, a complex one, and research into this relation has given rise to various and contradictory interpretations of how trust and control relate. A well-known discussion is directed at whether trust and control are better conceived as substitutes, or as complementary mechanisms of governance. The articles in this special issue bring the discussion on the relationship between both concepts a step further by identifying common factors, distinctive mechanisms, and key implications relevant for theory building and empirical research. By studying trust and control through different perspectives and at different levels of analysis, the articles provide new theoretical insights and empirical evidence on the foundations of the trust-control interrelations

Physico-chemical aspects of grape juices produced in the region of Campanha Gaucha, RS, Brazil (Southern Brazil)

The Campanha Gaucha region, southern Brazil, has received significant investments in Viticulture during the last decades, especially for the production of quality wines. However, implementing the production of American and hybrid grapes in this region constitutes and opportunity to supply the increasing demand of the grape juice market in Brazil. Juices of two varieties, “Bordô” and “Concord”, from two locations, Dom Pedrito and Santana do Livramento, were analysed in terms of the following physico-chemical aspects: total city, volatile acidity, density, pH, soluble solids content, color intensity, and hue. “Bordô” juices presented higher total acidity and did not differ in relation to location. Higher volatile acidity was found in “Concord” juice from Santana do Livramento. Higher pH was found in the variety “Concord” and in the location Dom Pedrito. For this same location, the “Concord” grape juices showed higher soluble solids values. Color intensity was higher in Santana do Livramento. Color hue was higher in Dom Pedrito. Both variety and location impacted significantly on physico-chemical aspects of grape juices, although all the grapes were produced within the Campanha Gaucha region

Type IIB Solutions with Interpolating Supersymmetries

We study type IIB supergravity solutions with four supersymmetries that interpolate between two types widely considered in the literature: the dual of Becker and Becker's compactifications of M-theory to 3 dimensions and the dual of Strominger's torsion compactifications of heterotic theory to 4 dimensions. We find that for all intermediate solutions the internal manifold is not Calabi-Yau, but has SU(3) holonomy in a connection with a torsion given by the 3-form flux. All 3-form and 5-form fluxes, as well as the dilaton, depend on one function appearing in the supersymmetry spinor, which satisfies a nonlinear differential equation. We check that the fields corresponding to a flat bound state of D3/D5-branes lie in our class of solutions. The relations among supergravity fields that we derive should be useful in studying new gravity duals of gauge theories, as well as possibly compactifications.Comment: 27pp, v2 REVTeX4, typographical fixes and minor clarifications, v3 added ref, modified discussion of RR axion slightl

Mefloquine–oxazolidine derivatives, derived from mefloquine and arenecarbaldehydes: In vitro activity including against the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strain T113

AbstractTen new mefloquine–oxazolidine derivatives, 4-[(1S,8aR)-3-(aryl)hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,4-a]pyridin-1-yl]-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinoline (1: aryl=substituted phenyl) and 4-[(1S,8aR)-3-(heteroaryl)hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,4-a]pyridin-1-yl]-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinoline [2: heteroaryl=5-nitrothien-2-yl (2a); 5-nitrofuran-2-yl (2b) and 4H-imidazol-2-yl) (2c)], have been synthesized and evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Compounds 1f (aryl=3-ethoxyphenyl), 1g (Ar=3,4,5-(MeO)3-C6H2) and 2c were slightly more active than mefloquine (MIC=33μM) with MICs=24.5, 22.5 and 27.4, respectively, whereas compounds 1e (aryl=3,4-(MeO)2-C6H3) and 2a (MICs=11.9 and 12.1μM, respectively) were ca. 2.7 times more active than mefloquine, with a better tuberculostatic activity than the first line tuberculostatic agent ethambutol (MIC=15.9). The compounds were also assayed against the MDR strain T113 and the same MICs were observed. Thus the new derivatives have advantages over such anti-TB drugs as isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and ofloxacin, for which this strain is resistant. The most active compounds were not cytotoxic to Murine Macrophages Cells in a concentration near their MIC values

Schottky barrier heights at polar metal/semiconductor interfaces

Using a first-principle pseudopotential approach, we have investigated the Schottky barrier heights of abrupt Al/Ge, Al/GaAs, Al/AlAs, and Al/ZnSe (100) junctions, and their dependence on the semiconductor chemical composition and surface termination. A model based on linear-response theory is developed, which provides a simple, yet accurate description of the barrier-height variations with the chemical composition of the semiconductor. The larger barrier values found for the anion- than for the cation-terminated surfaces are explained in terms of the screened charge of the polar semiconductor surface and its image charge at the metal surface. Atomic scale computations show how the classical image charge concept, valid for charges placed at large distances from the metal, extends to distances shorter than the decay length of the metal-induced-gap states.Comment: REVTeX 4, 11 pages, 6 EPS figure

Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy: new cases, cognitive changes and pathophysiology

Purpose of review To improve our clinical understanding of facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN). Recent findings We identified 29 new cases and 71 literature cases, resulting in a cohort of 100 patients with FOSMN. During follow-up, cognitive and behavioral changes became apparent in 8 patients, suggesting that changes within the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are a part of the natural history of FOSMN. Another new finding was chorea, seen in 6 cases. Despite reports of autoantibodies, there is no consistent evidence to suggest an autoimmune pathogenesis. Four of 6 autopsies had TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP) 43 pathology. Seven cases had genetic mutations associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Summary FOSMN is a rare disease with a highly characteristic onset and pattern of disease progression involving initial sensory disturbances, followed by bulbar weakness with a cranial to caudal spread of pathology. Although not conclusive, the balance of evidence suggests that FOSMN is most likely to be a TDP-43 proteinopathy within the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–FTD spectrum

Correlation between centrality metrics and their application to the opinion model

In recent decades, a number of centrality metrics describing network properties of nodes have been proposed to rank the importance of nodes. In order to understand the correlations between centrality metrics and to approximate a high-complexity centrality metric by a strongly correlated low-complexity metric, we first study the correlation between centrality metrics in terms of their Pearson correlation coefficient and their similarity in ranking of nodes. In addition to considering the widely used centrality metrics, we introduce a new centrality measure, the degree mass. The m order degree mass of a node is the sum of the weighted degree of the node and its neighbors no further than m hops away. We find that the B_{n}, the closeness, and the components of x_{1} are strongly correlated with the degree, the 1st-order degree mass and the 2nd-order degree mass, respectively, in both network models and real-world networks. We then theoretically prove that the Pearson correlation coefficient between x_{1} and the 2nd-order degree mass is larger than that between x_{1} and a lower order degree mass. Finally, we investigate the effect of the inflexible antagonists selected based on different centrality metrics in helping one opinion to compete with another in the inflexible antagonists opinion model. Interestingly, we find that selecting the inflexible antagonists based on the leverage, the B_{n}, or the degree is more effective in opinion-competition than using other centrality metrics in all types of networks. This observation is supported by our previous observations, i.e., that there is a strong linear correlation between the degree and the B_{n}, as well as a high centrality similarity between the leverage and the degree.Comment: 20 page