83 research outputs found

    Implante de prótesis valvular aórtica a través de catéter en pacientes con patología mitral concomitante

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    La patología concomitante mitral es frecuente en los pacientes con estenosis aórtica severa y el uso de TAVI en estos pacientes tiene unas peculiaridades que han de ser tenidas en cuenta. El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar los resultados de los pacientes que reciben el implante de TAVI y presentan patología mitral. Se incluyeron tres cohortes multicéntricas sucesivas con pacientes en los que se realizó el implante de TAVI. El 16% de los pacientes que se someten al implante de TAVI presentaron IM significativa, lo que condicionó un incremento del triple en la mortalidad a seis meses. El 60% mejoraron en el grado de regurgitación mitral. El 3.8% son portadores de prótesis PM. Finalmente, la EM afectó al 3,1% de los pacientes. El implante de prótesis aórtica percutánea es una opción segura y eficaz en pacientes con patología mitral concomitante aunque diversos factores deben ser tenidos en cuenta.Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología y FarmacologíaDoctorado en Investigación en Ciencias de la Salu

    Lack of systematic reviews in the biomedical literature: a correction

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    Al revisar los datos a partir de los cuales se realizó nuestro articulo "Carencia de revisiones sistemáticas en la literatura biomédica: el caso del tratamiento tripanocida en la enfermedad de Ghagas· (MEDUNAB 2.000; 3: 76-83) hemos encontrado un par de imprecisiones que consideramos necesario corregir. Las tablas 2 y 5 del artículo contienen datos erróneos. La siguiente serla la versión correcta, en la cual se resaltan los cambios necesarios: Nótese la ausencia del subrayado en et "articulo original publicado. señal sin la cual no es posible recalcular el índice Kappa. Finalmente, la mención al acuerdo general entre los evaluadores de los artículos de revisión a ser modificado.By reviewing the data from which Our article "Lack of systematic reviews in the biomedical literature: the case of trypanocidal treatment in Ghagas disease · (MEDUNAB 2.000; 3: 76-83) was carried out. found a couple of inaccuracies that we consider necessary to correct. Tables 2 and 5 of the article contain erroneous data. The following would be the correct version, in which the necessary changes are highlighted: Note the absence of the underline in et "Original article published. Signal without which it is not possible to recalculate the Kappa index. Finally, the mention of the general agreement between the reviewers of the review articles to be modified

    ¿Puede asociarse el sedentarismo con hallazgos clínicos de alarma de enfermedad crónica en adultos jóvenes? Un análisis en el proyecto CHICAMOCHA

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    Introduction: The association between Sedentary Lifestyle (SL) and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) takes decades of exposure.  It is possible to be seen at an early stage in young adults due to some clinical findings.  Objective: Test the hypothesis that a sedentary lifestyle in young adults is associated with some signs or symptoms of alarm for the further development of NCD. Methodology: Using the initial evaluation (years 2000-2003) of CHICAMOCHA project, it was found that 1539 blood donors were healthy with negative screening test results (mean age 36, SD 8.3 years, 66% male).  The association between sedentary lifestyle and a series of clinical findings was studied.  Sedentary Lifestyle was defined as moderate-intense physical activity of ≤150 minutes/week (including work).  The primary outcome was the composite of 11 findings (5 symptoms and 6 signs) found in the medical assessment. We computed multivariate logistic regression models for both individual and pooled outcomes. Results: SL was found in 56.9% (IC95% 54.3–59.3) participants. In multivariate analysis SL was positively associated with single marital status and negatively associated with being employed. There were no significant associations between SL and the composite of 5 symptoms (Covariate-adjusted pooled OR 1.07, 95%CI 0.90–1.26), or 6 signs (Covariate-adjusted pooled OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.79–1.28).  However, a positive non-significant gradient in association with the number of findings (Covariate-adjusted OR for any one clinical finding OR=0.91, 95%CI 0.61–1.35; any two findings OR=1.20, 95%CI 0.84 – 1.73, or 3 or more findings OR=1.31, 95%CI 0.91–1.89) was observed. Conclusions: It was found that more than half of the studied population presented a sedentary lifestyle.  Even though this factor was not associated with individual signs and symptoms, a non-significant gradient was found, possibly related to a short exposure that may explain these results. [Villar JC, Herrera VM, Moreno-Medina KJ, Castellanos-Domínguez YZ, Martínez LX, Cortés OL. Can Sedentarism be Associated with Alarm Clinical Findings of Chronic Diseases in Young Adults?.  An Analysis in CHICAMOCHA Project.  CHICAMOCHA. MedUNAB 2015; 18(1):42-50]Introducción: La asociación entre sedentarismo y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) requiere décadas de exposición. Es posible que esta se manifieste más tempranamente, por algunos hallazgos clínicos en adultos jóvenes. Objetivo: Probar la hipótesis de que en adultos jóvenes el sedentarismo se asocia con algunos signos o síntomas de alarma para el desarrollo posterior de ECNT. Metodología: Usando la evaluación inicial (años 2000-2003) del proyecto CHICAMOCHA, en 1539 donantes de sangre clínicamente saludables con pruebas de tamización negativas (edad media 36, DE 8,3 años, 66% hombres) se estudió la asociación entre sedentarismo y una serie de hallazgos clínicos. Se definió sedentarismo como reportar actividad física moderada-intensa ≤150 minutos/semana (incluyendo el trabajo). El desenlace primario fue el compuesto de 11 hallazgos (5 síntomas y 6 signos) de alarma encontrados en la valoración médica. La asociación fue estimada usando un modelo regresión logística ajustado por covariables. Resultados: Se encontró que 56.9% (IC95% 54.3–59.3) de los participantes eran sedentarios. En el análisis multivariado, el sedentarismo se asoció positivamente con el estado civil soltero y negativamente con estar empleado. No se encontraron asociaciones significativas en el compuesto agregado de 5 síntomas (OR ajustado 1.07, IC95% 0.90– 1.26), 6 signos (OR ajustado 1.01, IC95% 0.79 – 1.28). Sin embargo, se observó un gradiente positivo no significativo por el número de hallazgos presentes (1 hallazgo OR=0.91, IC95% 0.61–1.35), 2 hallazgos (OR=1.20, IC95% 0.84–1.73), 3 o más hallazgos (OR=1.31, IC95% 0.91–1.89) . Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de la población estudiada se encontró sedentaria. Aunque este factor no se encontró asociado con signos o síntomas individualmente, se identificó un gradiente no significativo con el número de estos hallazgos, posiblemente relacionado con el tiempo de exposición relativamente breve. [Villar JC, Herrera VM, Moreno-Medina KJ, Castellanos-Domínguez YZ, Martínez LX, Cortés OL. ¿Puede asociarse el sedentarismo con hallazgos clínicos de alarma de enfermedad crónica en adultos jóvenes? Un análisis en el proyecto CHICAMOCHA. MedUNAB 2015; 18 (1): 42-50]&nbsp

    Poderia associar-se o sedentarismo as conclusoes clínicas de alarme de doencas crónicas em adultos jovens? Análise no projeto CHICAMOCHA

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    Introducción: La asociación entre sedentarismo y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) requiere décadas de exposición. Es posible que esta se manifieste más tempranamente, por algunos hallazgos clÍnicos en adultos jóvenes. Objetivo: Probar la hipótesis de que en adultos jóvenes el sedentarismo se asocia con algunos signos o sÍntomas de alarma para el desarrollo posterior de ECNT. MetodologÍa: Usando la evaluación inicial (años 2000-2003) del proyecto CHICAMOCHA, en 1539 donantes de sangre clÍnicamente saludables con pruebas de tamización negativas (edad media 36, DE 8,3 años, 66% hombres) se estudió la asociación entre sedentarismo y una serie de hallazgos clÍnicos. Se definió sedentarismo como reportar actividad fÍsica moderada-intensa ≤150 minutos/semana (incluyendo el trabajo). El desenlace primario fue el compuesto de 11 hallazgos (5 sÍntomas y 6 signos) de alarma encontrados en la valoración médica. La asociación fue estimada usando un modelo regresión logÍstica ajustado por covariables. Resultados: Se encontró que 56.9% (IC95% 54.3–59.3) de los participantes eran sedentarios. En el análisis multivariado, el sedentarismo se asoció positivamente con el estado civil soltero y negativamente con estar empleado. No se encontraron asociaciones significativas en el compuesto agregado de 5 sÍntomas (OR ajustado 1.07, IC95% 0.90– 1.26), 6 signos (OR ajustado 1.01, IC95% 0.79 – 1.28). Sin embargo, se observó un gradiente positivo no significativo por el número de hallazgos presentes (1 hallazgo OR=0.91, IC95% 0.61–1.35), 2 hallazgos (OR=1.20, IC95% 0.84–1.73), 3 o más hallazgos (OR=1.31, IC95% 0.91–1.89) . Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de la población estudiada se encontró sedentaria. Aunque este factor no se encontró asociado con signos o sÍntomas individualmente, se identificó un gradiente no significativo con el número de estos hallazgos, posiblemente relacionado con el tiempo de exposición relativamente breve. [Villar JC, Herrera VM, Moreno-Medina KJ, Castellanos-DomÍnguez YZ, MartÍnez LX, Cortés OL. ¿Puede asociarse el sedentarismo con hallazgos clÍnicos de alarma de enfermedad crónica en adultos jóvenes? Un análisis en el proyecto CHICAMOCHA. MedUNAB 2015; 18 (1): 42-50]Introduction: The association between Sedentary Lifestyle (SL) and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) takes decades of exposure. It is possible to be seen at an early stage in young adults due to some clinical findings. Objective: Test the hypothesis that a sedentary lifestyle in young adults is associated with some signs or symptoms of alarm for the further development of NCD. Methodology: Using the initial evaluation (years 2000-2003) of CHICAMOCHA project, it was found that 1539 blood donors were healthy with negative screening test results (mean age 36, SD 8.3 years, 66% male). The association between sedentary lifestyle and a series of clinical findings was studied. Sedentary Lifestyle was defined as moderate-intense physical activity of ≤150 minutes/week (including work). The primary outcome was the composite of 11 findings (5 symptoms and 6 signs) found in the medical assessment. We computed multivariate logistic regression models for both individual and pooled outcomes. Results: SL was found in 56.9% (IC95% 54.3–59.3) participants. In multivariate analysis SL was positively associated with single marital status and negatively associated with being employed. There were no significant associations between SL and the composite of 5 symptoms (Covariate-adjusted pooled OR 1.07, 95%CI 0.90–1.26), or 6 signs (Covariate-adjusted pooled OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.79–1.28). However, a positive non-significant gradient in association with the number of findings (Covariate-adjusted OR for any one clinical finding OR=0.91, 95%CI 0.61–1.35; any two findings OR=1.20, 95%CI 0.84 – 1.73, or 3 or more findings OR=1.31, 95%CI 0.91–1.89) was observed. Conclusions: It was found that more than half of the studied population presented a sedentary lifestyle. Even though this factor was not associated with individual signs and symptoms, a non-significant gradient was found, possibly related to a short exposure that may explain these results. [Villar JC, Herrera VM, Moreno-Medina KJ, Castellanos-DomÍnguez YZ, MartÍnez LX, Cortés OL. Can Sedentarism be Associated with Alarm Clinical Findings of Chronic Diseases in Young Adults?. An Analysis in CHICAMOCHA Project. CHICAMOCHA. MedUNAB 2015; 18(1):42-50]Introdução: Aassociação entre sedentarismo e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) requer décadas de exposição. É possível que esta se manifeste mais cedo, pelo que se tem observado clinicamente em alguns adultos jovens. Objetivo: Testar a hipótese de que um estilo de vida sedentário em adultos jovens está associada com alguns sinaisousinaisdealertaparaodesenvolvimentode doençasnãotransmissíveis.Metodologia:Usandoa avaliação inicial (2000-2003) do projeto CHICAMOCHA, em 1539 doadores de sangue clinicamente saudáveis com testes de rastreio negativos (idade média de 36 anos, 8.3 anos, 66% do sexo masculino), estudou-se a associação entre sedentarismo e uma série de achados clínicos. O sedentarismo foi definido como atividade física moderada-intensa≤150minutos/semana(incluindotrabalho).O desfecho primário foi o composto de 11 resultados (cinco sintomas e 6 sinais) de alarme encontrados na avaliação médica. Aassociação foi estimada utilizando um modelo de regressão logística ajustado para co-variáveis. Resultados:Verificou-seque56.9%(IC95%54.3-59.3)dos participantes eram sedentários. Na análise multivariada, o sedentarismo foi positivamente associado com o estado civil de solteiro e negativamente ao fato de estar empregado. Nãoforamencontradasassociaçõessignificativasno agregado composto por 5 sintomas (ORajustado 1,07, IC95% 0,90-1,26), 6 sinais (ORajustado 1.01, IC95% 0.79–1.28). No entanto, é observado, um gradiente positivo, nada significativo pela descoberta presente (1 resultado OR= 0.91, IC95% 0.61-1.35), 2 resultados (OR= 1.20, IC95% 0.84-1.73), 3 ou mais resultados (OR= 1.31, IC95% 0.91–1.89). Conclusões:Mais da metade da população do estudo foi encontrada sedentária. Embora este fator não foi encontradoassociadocomsinaisousintomas individualmente,foiidentificadoumgradientenão significativo com o número destes achados, possivelmente relacionada com o tempo de exposição relativamente curto. [Villar JC, Herrera VM, Moreno-Medina KJ, Castellanos-Domínguez YZ, Martínez-Contreras LX, Cortés OL. Poderia associar-seosedentarismoàsconclusõesclínicasde alarme de doenças crônicas em adultos jovens? Análise no projeto CHICAMOCHA. MedUNAB2015; 18 (1): 42-50

    Dyslipidemias: a pending challenge in cardiovascular prevention. Consensus document from CEIPC/SEA Committee

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    Documento presentado en el XXXI Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). Oviedo, 18 de noviembre de 2010.En España, donde la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) es la primera causa de muerte, aproximadamente el 20% de los adultos presentan hipercolesterolemia, de los cuales sólo el 12% estarían controlados. El abordaje de las dislipemias debe realizarse en un contexto más amplio, mediante acciones encaminadas a reducir el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV). La medición del RCV facilita la toma de decisiones, pero no puede sustituir al juicio clínico, dadas las limitaciones de los métodos de cálculo disponibles. Este documento, elaborado por el Comité Español Interdisciplinar de Prevención Cardiovascular, a iniciativa de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis, describe las principales iniciativas en prevención cardiovascular de administraciones sanitarias y sociedades científicas, y el papel que juegan en ellas los profesionales sanitarios. Además de apoyar las iniciativas en marcha, se propone la puesta en marcha de una estrategia nacional de prevención cardiovascular, centrada en la modificación de estilos de vida (prevención del tabaquismo y promoción de la alimentación saludable y la actividad física) mediante acciones en todos los ámbitos. A nivel poblacional, la regulación de la publicidad alimentaria, la eliminación de los ácidos grasos trans y la reducción de azúcares añadidos en la cadena alimentaria constituyen intervenciones viables y coste-efectivas para ayudar a controlar las dislipemias y reducir el RCV. En el ámbito sanitario, se propone reducir las barreras para la aplicación de las guías, mejorar la formación de los profesionales en modificación de estilos de vida e incorporar la valoración del RCV entre los indicadores de calidad de la asistencia. Las sociedades científicas son responsables de colaborar con la administración y contribuir a la generación del conocimiento, su transmisión y su aplicación. Finalmente, está en manos de los profesionales evaluar al paciente dislipémico en el contexto del RCV, promover estilos de vida saludables y hacer un uso eficiente del arsenal terapéutico disponible. In Spain, where cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death, hypercholesterolemia, one of the most prevalent risk factors in adults, is poorly controlled. Dyslipidemia should not be approached in isolation, but in the context of overall cardiovascular risk (CVR). Measurement of CVR facilitates decision making, but should not be the only tool nor should it take the place of clinical judgment, given the limitations of the available calculation methods. This document, prepared by the Interdisciplinary Spanish Committee on Cardiovascular Prevention, at the proposal of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis, reviews the cardiovascular prevention activities of the regional health authorities, scientific societies and medical professionals. An initiation of a national strategy on cardiovascular prevention is proposed based on lifestyle modification (healthy diet, physical activity and smoking cessation) through actions in different settings. At the population level, regulation of food advertising, elimination of trans fats and reduction of added sugar are feasible and cost-effective interventions to help control dyslipidemias and reduce CVR. In the health setting, it is proposed to facilitate the application of guidelines, improve training for medical professionals, and include CVR assessment among the quality indicators. Scientific societies should collaborate with the health authorities and contribute to the generation and transmission of knowledge. Finally, it is in the hands of professionals to apply the concept of CVR, promote healthy lifestyles, and make efficient use of available pharmacological treatments

    Validation of quantitative flow ratio-derived virtual angioplasty with post-angioplasty fractional flow reserve—the QIMERA-I study

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    Producción CientíficaBackground: Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) virtual angioplasty with pre-PCI residual QFR showed better results compared with an angiographic approach to assess post-PCI functional results. However, correlation with pre-PCI residual QFR and post-PCI fractional flow reserve (FFR) is lacking. Methods: A multicenter prospective study including consecutive patients with angiographically 50–90% coronary lesions and positive QFR results. All patients were evaluated with QFR, hyperemic and non-hyperemic pressure ratios (NHPR) before and after the index PCI. Pre-PCI residual QFR (virtual angioplasty) was calculated and compared with post-PCI fractional flow reserve (FFR), QFR and NHPR. Results: A total of 84 patients with 92 treated coronary lesions were included, with a mean age of 65.5 ± 10.9 years and 59% of single vessel lesions being the left anterior descending artery in 69%. The mean vessel diameter was 2.82 ± 0.41 mm. Procedural success was achieved in all cases, with a mean number of implanted stents of 1.17 ± 0.46. The baseline QFR value was 0.69 ± 0.12 and baseline FFR and NHPR were 0.73 ± 0.08 and 0.82 ± 0.11, respectively. Mean post-PCI FFR increased to 0.87 ± 0.05 whereas residual QFR had been estimated as 0.95 ± 0.05, showing poor correlation with post-PCI FFR (0.163; 95% CI:0.078–0.386) and low diagnostic accuracy (30.9%, 95% CI:20–43%). Conclusions: In this analysis, the results of QFR-based virtual angioplasty did not seem to accurately correlate with post-PCI FFR

    Statement of the Spanish Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Prevention Committee (CEIPC ) on the 2012 European Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines

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    Las guías europeas de prevención cardiovascular contemplan dos sistemas de evaluación de la evidencia (SEC y GRADE) y recomiendan combinar las estrategias poblacional y de alto riesgo, interviniendo en todas las etapas de la vida, con la dieta como piedra angular de la prevención. La valoración del RCV incorpora los niveles de HDL y los factores psicosociales, una categoría de muy alto riesgo y el concepto edad-riesgo. Se recomienda e luso de métodos cognitivo-conductuales (entrevistamotivadora, intervenciones psicológicas), aplicados por profesionales sanitarios, con la participación de familiares de los pacientes, para contrarrestar el estrés psicosocial y reducir el RCV mediante dietas saludables, entrenamiento físico, abandono del tabaco y cumplimiento terapéutico. También se requieren medidas de salud pública, como la prohibición de fumar en lugares públicos o eliminar los ácidos grasos trans de la cadena alimentaria. Otras novedades consisten en desestimar el tratamiento antiagregante en prevención primaria y la recomendación de mantener la PA dentro del rango13-139/80-85 mmHg en pacientes diabéticos o con RCV alto. Se destaca el bajo cumplimiento terapéutico observado, porque influye en el pronóstico de los pacientes y en los costes sanitarios. Para mejorar la prevención cardiovascular se precisa una verdadera alianza entre políticos, administraciones, asociaciones científicas y profesionales de la salud, fundaciones de salud, asociaciones de consumidores, pacientes y sus familias, que impulse las estrategias poblacional e individual, mediante el uso de toda la evidencia científica disponible, desde ensayos clínicos hasta estudios observacionales y modelo matemáticos para evaluar intervenciones a nivel poblacional, incluyendo análisis de coste-efectividadBased on the two main frameworks for evaluating scientific evidence—SEC and GRADE—European cardiovascular prevention guidelines recommend interventions across all life stages using a combination of population-based and high-risk strategies with diet as the cornerstone of prevention. The evaluation of cardiovascular risk (CVR) incorporates HDL level and psycho-social factors, a very high risk category, and the concept of age-risk. They also recommend cognitive-behavioural methods (e.g.,motivational interviewing, psychological interventions, led by health professionals and with the participation of the patient’s family, to counterbalance psychosocial stress and reduce CVR through the institution of positive habits such as a healthy diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, and adherence to treatment. Additionally, public health interventions—such as smoking ban in public areas or the elimination of trans fatty acids from the food chain—are also essential. Other innovations include abandoning antiplatelet therapy in primary prevention and the recommendation of maintaining blood pressure (BP) within the1 30-139/80-85 mmHg range in diabetic patients and individuals with high CVR. Finally ,due to the significant impact on patient progress and medical costs, special emphasisis given to the low therapeutic adherence levels observed . In sum ,improving cardiovascular prevention requires a true partnership among the political class, public administrations, scientific and professional associations, health foundations, consumer associations, patients and their families. Such partnership would promote population-based and individual strategies by taking advantage o the broad spectrum of scientific evidence available, from clinical trials to observational studies and mathematical models to evaluate population-based interventions, including cost-effectiveness analyse

    Spanish adaptation of the 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice

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    The VI European Guidelines for Cardiovascular Prevention recommend combining population and high-risk strategies with lifestyle changes as a cornerstone of prevention, and propose the SCORE function to quantify cardiovascular risk. The guidelines highlight disease specific interventions, and conditions as women, young people and ethnic minorities. Screening for subclinical atherosclerosis with noninvasive imaging techniques is not recommended. The guidelines distinguish four risk levels (very high, high, moderate and low) with therapeutic objectives for lipid control according to risk. Diabetes mellitus confers a high risk, except for subjects with type 2 diabetes with less than <10 years of evolution, without other risk factors or complications, or type 1 diabetes of short evolution without complications. The decision to start pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension will depend on the blood pressure level and the cardiovascular risk, taking into account the lesion of target organs. The guidelines don't recommend antiplatelet drugs in primary prevention because of the increased bleeding risk. The low adherence to the medication requires simplified therapeutic regimes and to identify and combat its causes. The guidelines highlight the responsibility of health professionals to take an active role in advocating evidence-based interventions at the population level, and propose effective interventions, at individual and population level, to promote a healthy diet, the practice of physical activity, the cessation of smoking and the protection against alcohol abuse.S

    European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice: CEIPC 2008 Spanish adaptation

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    Basado en el Documento del Cuarto Grupo de Trabajo Conjunto de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología y otras sociedades científicas: Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, Boysen G, Burell G, Cifkova R, et al et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: fourth joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007; 28: 2375 2414.We present the Spanish adaptation from the CEIPC of the European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice 2008. This guide recommends the SCORE model for risk evaluation. The aim is to prevent premature mortality and morbidity due to CVD by means of dealing with its related risk factors in clinical practice. The guide focuses on primary prevention and emphasizes the role of the nurses and primary care medical doctors in promoting a healthy life style, based on increasing physical activity, change dietary habits, and non smoking. The therapeutic goal is to achieve a Blood Pressure <140/90 mmHg, but among patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or definite CVD, the objective is <130/80 mmHg. Serum cholesterol should be <200 mg/dl and cLDL <130 mg/dl, although among patients with CVD or diabetes, the objective is <100 mg/dl (80 mg/dl if feasible in very high-risk patients). Patients with type 2 diabetes and those with metabolic syndrome must lose weight and increase their physical activity, and drugs must be administered whenever applicable, with the objective guided by BMI -body mass index- and waist circumference. In diabetic type 2 patients, the objective is glycated haemoglobin <7%. Allowing people to know the guides and developing implementation programs, identifying barriers and seeking solutions for them, are priorities for the CEIPC in order to put the recommendations into practice.S
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