La función de la pena privativa de la libertad enfocada hacia la criminalidad de género, en los establecimientos de reclusión de mujeres del Eje Cafetero

CD-T 364.374 B96;196 p.Analizar los fines de la pena de prisión en sus aspectos normativos y ejecutivos, en relación con el principio de respeto por la dignidad de la persona humana, desde la perspectiva de género, en los centros de reclusión de mujeres de las tres capitales del eje cafetero.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereir

Investigación técnicas del juicio oral

CD-T 345.07 R638;120 p.Analizar las audiencias de juicio oral realizadas en los Juzgados penales del circuito de Pereira, durante el año 2009 en relación con las técnicas adoptadas para hacer eficaz el proceso penal.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereir

La importancia de la técnica en el juicio oral

The criminal process is a criminal major policy instrument through which the State exercises formal control over the crime problem. One model that has better reception in the world today is the accusatory, adversarial character, which identifies two parts: prosecutor and defendant, who being equal, have their claims to the judge who settles the dispute . But prior to that decision, the two warring parties should enjoy full guarantees that ensure the impartiality of the judge, so we speak of equality of arms. To meet this goal is necessary to resort to the techniques applied to the trial, ensure process efficiency.El proceso penal es un importante instrumento de política criminal a través del cual el Estado ejerce el control formal sobre el problema de criminalidad. Uno de los modelos que tiene mejor acogida en el mundo actual es el penal acusatorio, de carácter adversarial, en el cual se identifican dos partes: fiscal y acusado, quienes en igualdad de condiciones presentan sus pretensiones ante el juez, quien dirime el conflicto. Pero previa a esa decisión, las dos partes enfrentadas deben gozar de las plenas garantías que aseguran la imparcialidad del juzgador, por eso se habla de igualdad de armas. Para cumplir con ese objetivo es necesario acudir a las técnicas que aplicadas al juicio oral, garantizan la eficacia del proceso

El sistema acusatorio y los preacuerdos

Los códigos de procedimiento penal que precedieron al actual, es decir, a la Ley 906 de 2004, han mostrado una significativa evolución en materia de medidas alternativas para la solución de conflictos, pero, habida cuenta de que el modelo que orientó la expedición de los estatutos anteriores fue el inquisitivo o el formal acusatorio, en su normativa no se encuentran instituciones equivalentes a los preacuerdos cuyo desarrollo es propio de los sistemas acusatorios. Dentro de un sistema penal acusatorio, los mecanismos de solución alternativa de conflictos permiten hacer más ágil el trámite del proceso penal, por cuanto la sentencia proferida después de haberse agotado la totalidad de las etapas procesales no es la única forma de terminación del proceso, sino que se admiten otras formas que podrían denominarse anormales o atípicas por permitir una conclusión precoz de la actividad procesal

Investigación jurídica y sociojurídica en Colombia. Resultados y avances en investigación

La Universidad de Medellín, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, en desarrollo de la política de socialización y divulgación, y comprometida con el fortalecimiento, apoyo y sostenibilidad de los grupos de investigación, realizó del 2 al 4 de mayo de 2005, las VII Jornadas de Investigación. El evento arrojó resultados altamente satisfactorios, tanto por la calidad de las temáticas como por el establecimiento de redes y amplias posibilidades de concretar alianzas y convenios que indudablemente fortalecerán las capacidades investigativas de la Universidad. Convencidos de la responsabilidad social de contribuir a la promoción de la cultura científica nacional y a la divulgación y aprobación social del conocimiento, compartimos, a través del siguiente texto, las principales reflexiones del evento, con el ánimo de propiciar nuevas e inacabas discusiones

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women