AVALIAÇÃO DA MULTIPLICAÇÃO DOS ESPOROS DE FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES NA SAVANA DE ALTER DO CHÃO, PARÁ

The savannah biome has edaphoclimatic conditions conducive to the occurrence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), which associated with plants, become biotechnological tools of underestimated potential. One of the reasons is the difficulty in producing and spreading infectious propagules in a significant amount to develop studies under controlled conditions. The objective of this work was to analyze the multiplication of spores from the AMF from the Savannah of Alter do Chão, Western Pará, and the aspects of symbiosis in Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. as a hostess. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Plant Growth at the Federal University of Western Pará from February to October 2019. Two types of soils (commercial substrate and dystrophic yellow latosol) were tested at different time periods (20, 36, 65 and 129 days). For this, composite samples containing spores of native AMF were collected in the study area, of which 100 g were homogenized to 850 g of the tested soils, separately, in 1 kg pots. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions and the design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme (multiplication time × soil types) with four replications. The result of the spore density of the native FMA and the percentage of infection were submitted to Analysis of Variance and the means were compared by the Scott Knott test with p <0,05 of significance. The commercial substrate provided the best results in spore production and percentage of infection in roots of B. decumbens at 20 days of inoculation. For the multiplication and production of infectious propagules of the AMF of the Savannah of Alter do Chão, the use of the commercial substrate cultivated for a period of 20 days is indicated.El bioma de sabana tiene condiciones edafoclimático que conducen a aparición de Hongos Micorrízicos Arbusculares (HMA), que asociados con plantas, se convierten en herramientas biotecnológicas de potencial subestimado. Una razón es la dificultad de producir y difundir propágulos infecciosos en una cantidad significativa para desarrollar estudios en condiciones controladas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la multiplicación de esporas de los HMA de la sabana de Alter do Chão, región occidental del Estado de Pará, y los aspectos de la simbiosis en Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. como hospedera. El experimento se llevó a cabo en condiciones controladas en el Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Crecimiento Vegetal de la Universidad Federal del Oeste de Pará de febrero a octubre de 2019. Se probaron dos tipos de suelos (sustrato comercial y latosol amarillo distrófico) en diferentes períodos de tiempo (20, 36, 65 y 129 días). Para esto, se recolectaron muestras compuestas que contenían esporas de HMA nativa en el área de estudio, de las cuales 100 g se homogeneizaron a 850 g de los suelos analizados, por separado, en florero de planta de 1 kg. El experimento se realizó en condiciones de laboratorio y el diseño fue completamente al azar, en un esquema factorial 2 × 4 (tiempo de multiplicación × tipos de suelo) con cuatro repeticiones. El resultado de la densidad de esporas de las FMA nativas y el porcentaje de infección se sometieron a Análisis de Varianza y las medias se compararon mediante la prueba de Scott Knott con p <0,05 de significancia. El sustrato comercial proporcionó los mejores resultados en la producción de esporas y el porcentaje de infección en las raíces de B. decumbens a los 20 días de la inoculación. Para la multiplicación y producción de propágulos infecciosos de los HMA de la sabana de Alter do Chão, se indica el uso del sustrato comercial cultivado durante un período de 20 días.O bioma de savana possui condições edafoclimáticas propícias a ocorrência dos Fungos Micorrízicos Arbusculares (FMA), que associados às plantas, tornam-se ferramentas biotecnológicas de potencial subestimado. Objetivou-se com este estudo analisar a multiplicação dos esporos dos FMA oriundos da Savana de Alter do Chão, Oeste do Pará, e a simbiose em Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. como hospedeira. O experimento foi conduzido em condições controladas no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e Crescimento de Plantas da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, campus Santarém, no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2019. Foram testados dois tipos de solos (substrato comercial e latossolo amarelo distrófico) em diferentes períodos de tempos (20, 36, 65 e 129 dias). Para isso, amostras compostas contendo esporos dos FMA nativos foram coletadas na área de estudo, das quais 100 g foram homogeneizados a 850 g dos solos testados, separadamente, em vasos de 1 kg de capacidade. O experimento foi realizado em condições de laboratório e o delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2×4 (tempo de multiplicação × tipos de solo) com quatro repetições. O resultado da densidade de esporos dos FMA nativos e o percentual de infecção foram submetidos à Análise de Variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Scott Knott com p<0,05 de significância. O substrato comercial proporcionou os melhores resultados na produção de esporos e porcentagem de infecção em raízes de B. decumbens aos 20 dias da inoculação. Para multiplicação e produção de propágulos infectivos dos FMA da Savana de Alter do Chão, indica-se o uso do substrato comercial cultivado por um período de 20 dias

Production and Evaluation of Immunoglobulin Y Anti-Brucella abortus (Vaccinal Strain B19)

Background: The immunoglobulin Y is a principal antibody current in the blood of hens, which are transferred from the maternal blood serum to the egg yolk. The extraction of IgY from the egg yolk apply animal welfare when compared to the extraction of IgG, reducing the number of animals and prevent a bleeding of hens through the extraction of the IgY from eggs, besides that IgY presenting high specificity for antigenic binding. The objective of this study was to produce specific polyclonal IgY antibodies anti-Brucella abortus by immunizing hens with B19 vaccine and evaluate their reactivity through Buffered Acidified Plate Antigen (BAPA), 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and indirect ELISA diagnostic tests.Materials, Methods & Results: Four 25-week-old White Leghorn hens were immunized, two of them comprising the control group (Group 1) with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with adjuvant, and the others two immunized with B19 vaccine (Brucella abortus vaccine strain B19), representing the Group 2. The immunizations occurred six times with a 15-day interval between each. Blood samples were taken biweekly (seven times); and daily, the eggs were collected for 13 weeks, the first collection of blood and eggs, performed one week before the first immunization of each group. The IgY was purified from egg yolk, using the method of dilution in acid water and precipitation with ammonium sulfate for delipidation. BAPA, 2-ME and ELISA tests performed to verify the specificity of IgY confirmed the reactivity of polyclonal antibodies specific to the antigen used both in blood serum samples and in the purified egg yolks. The hens from the control group did not present reactivity in the diagnostic tests used, which was already expected, since no antigen was used in any of their immunizations. Hens immunized with the Brucella abortus B19 vaccine produced detectable reactive antibodies in the three tests used on blood serum and IgY samples extracted from the egg yolk. In Group 2 (vaccine B19), blood serum samples started to react one week after the first inoculation, and the IgY samples extracted from the egg yolk were reagent two weeks after serum IgY appear reactivity, showing the transfer of specific antibodies to the egg yolk, was late.Discussion: Although the transfer of serum Igy to egg yolk was late when compared to others authors which found that the transovarian passage of immunoglobulin Y occurred in approximately three to six days after IgY being detected in blood serum, the results of this study showed the occurrence of the transfer of blood serum IgY anti-Brucella abortus to egg yolk of hens immunized with B19 vaccine, the same found by others researches found the same results with others antigens. Thus, it can be concluded that immunoglobulins Y produced in this study can be used as specific antibodies in diagnostic tests for the detection of the Brucella abortus antigen, in addition, this process guarantees the welfare of the animal, since it avoids bleeding and it is possible to obtain high concentrations of antibodies directly from the hen egg, which is a great advantage, because IgY can be easily isolated from the egg yolk by the precipitation technique discarding the need of invasive and painful procedures that involve bloody interventions to obtain the serum antibodies like occur in mammals for extraction of IgG

New record of an alien snake Pantherophis guttatus (Squamata: Colubridae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

The snake Pantherophis guttatus (Linnaeus, 1766), popularly known as the corn snake, it is a semi-arboreal snake belonging to the Colubridae family, small in size (about 1800 mm in total length), distributed throughout North America, inhabiting forested, open and urban environments preying on small mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles (Fisher and Csurhes, 2009; Hammerson 2007). It is sold as a pet in many countries and, according to Magalhães and São-Pedro (2012), pet escapes and abandonments are the main cause of this species introduction in natural environments. In Brazil, it has been registered so far by Fonseca et al. (2014) in a Conservation Unit and in an urban area located in a residential complex, both in the Atlantic Rainforest domain in the state of Bahia. The aim of this study was, therefore, to document another P. guttatus record, the first in a natural environment in the state of Pernambuco.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

IMPACTOS DA DOENÇA DE PARKINSON NA VIDA DOS IDOSOS

Population aging in Brazil has been increasing every decade and, coupled with this demographic growth, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) has been increasing, especially among older . The aim of the study was to analyze the impacts of Parkinson's disease in the elderly. This is a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study carried out in the city of Vitória da Conquista - BA, with 12 elderly people with Parkinson's Disease. The instruments for data collection were: Socio-demographic and Economic Questionnaire and the semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed applying the Thematic Content analysis emerging two thematic categories: Perception of the elderly on Parkinson's Disease and Impacts of Parkinson's Disease in the activities of daily living. Parkinson's disease impacts the lives of the elderly that can be perceived from feelings of sadness and worry, functional limitation, and resilience. Keywords: Elderly; Parkinson; Impacts; Aging.O envelhecimento populacional no Brasil vem crescendo a cada década e atrelado a esse crescimento demográfico foi observado o aumento da incidência das doenças neurodegenerativas, como a Doença de Parkinson que acomete, principalmente pessoas de mais idade. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os impactos da Doença de Parkinson em idosos. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo realizado no município de Vitória da Conquista – BA, com 12 idosos com Doença de Parkinson. Os instrumentos para coleta dos dados foram: Questionário Sociobiodemográfico e Econômico e a Entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados aplicando-se a análise de Conteúdo Temática emergindo duas categorias temáticas: Percepção dos idosos sobre a Doença de Parkinson, e Impactos da Doença de Parkinson nas atividades da vida diária. A doença de Parkinson gera impactos na vida dos idosos que podem ser percebidos a partir de sentimentos de tristeza e preocupação, limitação funcional e resiliência. Palavras-chave: Idosos; Parkinson; Impactos; Envelhecimento.&nbsp;&nbsp