Maternal time investment in caregiving activities to promote early childhood development: evidence from rural India

INTRODUCTION: Intervention strategies that seek to improve early childhood development outcomes are often targeted at the primary caregivers of children, usually mothers. The interventions require mothers to assimilate new information and then act upon it by allocating sufficient physical resources and time to adopt and perform development promoting behaviours. However, women face many competing demands on their resources and time, returning to familiar habits and behaviours. In this study, we explore mothers' allocation of time for caregiving activities for children under the age of 2, nested within a cluster randomised controlled trial of a nutrition and care for development intervention in rural Haryana, India. METHODS: We collected quantitative maternal time use data at two time points in rural Haryana, India, using a bespoke survey instrument. Data were collected from 704 mothers when their child was 12 months old, and 603 mothers when their child was 18 months old. We tested for significant differences in time spent by mothers on different activities when children are 12 months of age vs. 18 months of age between arms as well as over time, using linear regression. As these data were collected within a randomised controlled trial, we adjusted for clusters using random effects when testing for significant differences between the two time points. RESULTS: At both time points, no statistically significant difference in maternal time use was found between arms. On average, mothers spent most of their waking time on household chores (over 6 h and 30 min) at both time points. When children were aged 12 months, approximately three and a half hours were spent on childcare activities for children under the age of 2 years. When children were 18 months old, mothers spent more time on income generating activities (30 min) than when the children were 12 years old, and on leisure (approximately 4 h and 30 min). When children were 18 months old, less time was spent on feeding/breastfeeding children (30 min less) and playing with children (15 min). However, mothers spent more time talking or reading to children at 18 months than at 12 months. CONCLUSION: We find that within a relatively short period of time in early childhood, maternal (or caregiver) time use can change, with time allocation being diverted away from childcare activities to others. This suggests that changing maternal time allocation in resource poor households may be quite challenging, and not allow the uptake of new and/or optimal behaviours

Maternal time investment in caregiving activities to promote early childhood development: evidence from rural India

IntroductionIntervention strategies that seek to improve early childhood development outcomes are often targeted at the primary caregivers of children, usually mothers. The interventions require mothers to assimilate new information and then act upon it by allocating sufficient physical resources and time to adopt and perform development promoting behaviours. However, women face many competing demands on their resources and time, returning to familiar habits and behaviours. In this study, we explore mothers' allocation of time for caregiving activities for children under the age of 2, nested within a cluster randomised controlled trial of a nutrition and care for development intervention in rural Haryana, India.MethodsWe collected quantitative maternal time use data at two time points in rural Haryana, India, using a bespoke survey instrument. Data were collected from 704 mothers when their child was 12 months old, and 603 mothers when their child was 18 months old. We tested for significant differences in time spent by mothers on different activities when children are 12 months of age vs. 18 months of age between arms as well as over time, using linear regression. As these data were collected within a randomised controlled trial, we adjusted for clusters using random effects when testing for significant differences between the two time points.ResultsAt both time points, no statistically significant difference in maternal time use was found between arms. On average, mothers spent most of their waking time on household chores (over 6 h and 30 min) at both time points. When children were aged 12 months, approximately three and a half hours were spent on childcare activities for children under the age of 2 years. When children were 18 months old, mothers spent more time on income generating activities (30 min) than when the children were 12 years old, and on leisure (approximately 4 h and 30 min). When children were 18 months old, less time was spent on feeding/breastfeeding children (30 min less) and playing with children (15 min). However, mothers spent more time talking or reading to children at 18 months than at 12 months.ConclusionWe find that within a relatively short period of time in early childhood, maternal (or caregiver) time use can change, with time allocation being diverted away from childcare activities to others. This suggests that changing maternal time allocation in resource poor households may be quite challenging, and not allow the uptake of new and/or optimal behaviours.</jats:sec

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales

Asbestos in Colombia: A silent enemy = Asbesto en Colombia: un enemigo silencioso

Asbestos is a group of fibrous non-metallic minerals, composed of double chain silicates, that shows high resistance to tension and chemical degradation and low thermal conductivity. Despite being recognized as carcinogenic agents by the World Health Organization (WHO), based on experimental evidences and population studies, asbestos are still used in many countries at the expense of the health of workers. This has become a worldwide problem associated with the increase of asbestos-related diseases in exposed persons. In this article, we review asbestos and their associated diseases; the use, exposure and existing regulations on asbestos both in Colombia and in other countries. Finally, we raise the possibility of evaluating the usefulness of genetic monitoring in addition to following-up exposed individuals. This would enable a better surveillance in our country with respect to lung cancer, mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases

Simulação de microdeformação óssea de bruxismo em implante dentário anterior

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the bone microdeformation of bruxism with dental implants by means of the finite element analysis (FEA) method. Materials and methods: One (1) Tapered Screw-Vent® implant (ref. TSVB10 Zimmer Dental): 13mm long x 3.7mm diameter with a 3.5mm platform, a Zirconium abutment, a screw, resin cement as the cementing agent, a monolithic ceramic crown of an upper central incisor, cortical bone and cancellous bone, was modeled using Solid Works 2010 (SolidWorks Corp., Concord, MA, USA), and later it was processed and analyzed with ANSYS version 14. The von Mises stresses and bone microdeformation (microstrain) were evaluated, applying oblique forces with magnitudes of 200N and 800N. This analysis allowed for evaluating and comparing the microdeformation, both in cortical bone and in cancellous bone in two magnitudes 200N and 800N. Results: Each one of the elements of the modeled structure (crown, abutment, screw, implant, cortical and cancellous bone) when subjected to increased stress, presented particular von Mises and microstrain values with a linear behavior. By subjecting the modeled structure to forces of 200N and 800N, none of the components suffered permanent deformation, that is, the yield point was not exceeded. Conclusion: According to the mechanical behavior of the modeled structure in magnitudes of 800N, it is possible to use a dental implant in a maxillary central incisor, since the parafunctional forces generated by bruxism are not higher than those presented in the modeled structure; Consequently, they do not generate permanent bone deformations.Introducción: el propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar la microdeformación ósea del bruxismo con implantes dentales por medio del método de análisis de elementos finitos (FEA). Materiales y métodos: se modeló un (1) implante Tapered Screw-Vent® (ref. TSVB10 Zimmer Dental) de 13mm de longitud x 3.7mm de diámetro con una plataforma de 3.5 mm, un pilar en Zirconio, un tornillo, agente cementante cemento de resina, una corona cerámica monolítica de un incisivo central superior, hueso cortical y hueso esponjoso, utilizando el Software CAD de Solid Works 2010 (SolidWorks Corp., Concord, MA, USA), y posteriormente se procesó y se analizó a través del Software ANSYS versión 14. Se evaluaron los esfuerzos von Mises y microdeformación ósea (µstrain), aplicando esfuerzos en sentido oblicuo con magnitudes de 200N y 800N. Este análisis permitió evaluar y comparar la (µstrain), tanto en el hueso cortical como en el hueso esponjoso en dos magnitudes 200N Y 800N. Resultados: cada uno de los elementos de la estructura modelada (corona, pilar, tornillo, implante, hueso cortical y esponjoso) sometida al incremento de esfuerzos, presentó valores von Mises y µstrain particulares con un comportamiento lineal. Al someter la estructura modelada a esfuerzos de 200N y 800N, ninguno de los componentes sufrió deformaciones permanentes, es decir, no se superó el límite de fluencia. Conclusión: de acuerdo al comportamiento mecánico de la estructura modelada en magnitudes de 800N, es posible la utilización de un implante dental en un incisivo central superior, debido a que las fuerzas parafuncionales generadas por el bruxismo no son superiores a las presentadas en la estructura modelada, en consecuencia, no generan deformaciones permanentes en el hueso.Introdução: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a microdeformação óssea do bruxismo com implantes dentários por meio do método de análise de elementos finitos (FEA). Materiais e métodos: Um (1) implante Tapered Screw-Vent® (ref. TSVB10 Zimmer Dental): 13 mm de comprimento x 3,7 mm de diâmetro com uma plataforma de 3,5 mm, um abutment de zircônio, um parafuso, cimento resinoso como agente de cimentação, um monolítico coroa de cerâmica de um incisivo central superior, osso cortical e osso esponjoso, foi modelada usando Solid Works 2010 (SolidWorks Corp., Concord, MA, EUA), e posteriormente processada e analisada com ANSYS versão 14. As tensões de von Mises e osso microdeformações(microstrain) foram avaliadas, aplicando forças oblíquas com magnitudes de 200N e 800N. Essa análise permitiu avaliar e comparar a microdeformação, tanto no osso cortical quanto no osso esponjoso em duas magnitudes 200N e 800N. Resultados: Cada um dos elementos da estrutura modelada (coroa, pilar, parafuso, implante, osso cortical e esponjoso) quando submetido a tensões aumentadas, apresentou valores particulares de von Mises e micro-tensões com comportamento linear. Ao submeter a estrutura modelada a forças de 200N e 800N, nenhum dos componentes sofreu deformação permanente, ou seja, o limite de escoamento não foi ultrapassado. Conclusão: De acordo com o comportamento mecânico da estrutura modelada em magnitudes de 800N, é possível utilizar um implante dentário em um incisivo central superior, uma vez que as forças parafuncionais geradas pelo bruxismo não são superiores às apresentadas na estrutura modelada; Conseqüentemente, eles não geram deformações ósseas permanentes

Inmunología de la reacción del citomegalovirus en trasplante renal

IP 1115-05-068-86Vol. 11, no 4 (oct-dic 1990); p. 1-6. -- PONENCIA(S) EN CONGRESO: Histocompatibilidad, citomegalovirus y;transplante renal / Jorge E. Ossa. ... [et. al]. -- En: CongresoColombiano de Medicina Interna (11 1990 oct :;11-15 : Cali, Colombia). -- Cali, 1990. -- p. -- 28 cm.;ARTICULO(S) EN REVISTA: Inmunobiologia de la infeccion porcitomegalovirus/ Jorge E. Ossa. -- En: Acta;Medica Colombiana. -- Vol. 12, no. 3 (may-jun 1987); p. 25462041.'-- Prevalencia de infeccion por;citomegalovirus / Jorge E. Ossa. ... [et. al]. -- En: ActaMedica Colombiana. -- Vol. 13, no. 3 (may-jun;1988); p. 125-128. -- Inmunopatogenesis de la infeccion por citomegalovirus en inmunosuprimidos pacientes /;Jorge E. Ossa. -- En: Temas Microbiologicos. -- Vol 10, no. 4(1989); p. 3-5. -- Frecuencia de Infeccion por;herpesvirus en 129 niños en edad escolar en Antioquia / JorgeE.Ossa. ...[etal]. -- En: Revista Medica;Universidad de Antioquia. -- Vol. 3, no 1. (mar 1990); p.413309.'-- Estandarizacion de un metodo de ELISA para;citomegalovirus humano / Jorge E. Ossa. ... [et al]. -- En: Revista de laActa Medica Colombiana. -- Vol. 15,;no. 4 (jul-ago 1990); p. 180-186. -- Prevalencia de infeccionpor citomegalovirus en receptores y donantes de;trasplante renal en Medellin para 1988-1989 / Jorge E. Ossa. ...[et. al].'-- en: Revista de La Acta Medica;Colombiana. -- Vol. 15, no. 4 (jul-ago 1990); p. 175-179.'-- Inmunobiologia del transplante renal historia de;los transplantes y del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad /Jorge E. Ossa, Martin Correa. -- En: Revista;Medica Universidad de Antioquia. -- Vol. 3, no 2. (jul 1990);p.97-104. -'- aislamiento y tipificacion de;adenovirus tipo 3 en un caso de bronconeumonia / Jorge E.Ossa.... [et. al]. -- En: Temas Microbiologicos. -

Programas sociales, pobreza y participación ciudadana

Esta publicación tiene por objeto establecer, empíricamente, la complementariedad entre el Estado y la sociedad civil en el marco de las políticas sociales y la lucha contra la pobreza

Programas sociales, pobreza y participación ciudadana

Esta publicación tiene por objeto establecer, empíricamente, la complementariedad entre el Estado y la sociedad civil en el marco de las políticas sociales y la lucha contra la pobreza

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano