Potências emergentes: seria a sexualidade e os direitos humanos um assunto secundário?

Edição trilíngue: português, espanhol e inglês.Título em espanhol: Potencias emergentes: ¿puede la sexualidad y los derechos humanos ser un tema secundário?Título em inglês: Emerging powers: can it be that sexuality and human rights is a 'lateral issue'

Sexuality, Human Rights, and Demographic Thinking: Connections and Disjunctions in a Changing World

Abstract: This paper documents the reframing at the start of the twenty-first century of the historical debate on ethics and demography, both in terms of greater emphasis on individual rights, as opposed to the previous emphasis on the public good, and through the inclusion of a variety of new dimensions-in particular, sexuality. This shift is intrinsically related to the emergence and impact of social movements-feminists, gay and lesbian organizations, and HIV/AIDS-related initiativesthat became increasingly interconnected globally and were able to diffuse a public discourse concerning sexuality. Despite clear achievements in addressing sexuality and HIV/AIDS issues within a human rights frame, the conceptualization of ethical dimensions relating to demographic change and sexuality is not fully completed. This paper re-examines the recent and conflictive evolution of the global debate linking sexuality and human rights, identifies unresolved conceptual problems, and explores the implications of these new policy trends for demographic thinking

The MK2 cascade regulates mGluR-dependent synaptic plasticity and reversal learning

YesThe ability to either erase or update the memories of a previously learned spatial task is an essential process that is required to modify behaviour in a changing environment. Current evidence suggests that the neural representation of such cognitive flexibility involves the balancing of synaptic potentiation (acquisition of memories) with synaptic depression (modulation and updating previously acquired memories). Here we demonstrate that the p38 MAPK/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) cascade is required to maintain the precise tuning of long-term potentiation and long-term depression at CA1 synapses of the hippocampus which is correlated with efficient reversal learning. Using the MK2 knockout (KO) mouse, we show that mGluR-LTD, but not NMDAR-LTD, is markedly impaired in mice aged between 4 and 5 weeks (juvenile) to 7 months (mature adult). Although the amplitude of LTP was the same as in wildtype mice, priming of LTP by the activation of group I metabotropic receptors was impaired in MK2 KO mice. Consistent with unaltered LTP amplitude and compromised mGluR-LTD, MK2 KO mice had intact spatial learning when performing the Barnes maze task, but showed specific deficits in selecting the most efficient combination of search strategies to perform the task reversal. Findings from this study suggest that the mGluR-p38-MK2 cascade is important for cognitive flexibility by regulating LTD amplitude and the priming of LTP.Professor Richard Greene at the University of Bradford - startup fund to setup electrophysiological facility and Wellcome Trust 200646/Z/16/Z to S.A.L.C

O cuidado de enfermagem e sua evolução histórica: uma revisão integrativa

Objetiva-se identificar as publicações disponíveis na literatura acerca da história da enfermagem, no campo dos cuidados realizados por enfermeiros. O método utilizado compreendeu a revisão integrativa da literatura, que é um dos recursos da prática baseada em evidências. A busca foi realizada em agosto de 2014, na Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. Incluíram-se artigos que apresentaram nos títulos ou resumos referências à história da enfermagem ou aos cuidados de enfermagem. Excluíram-se artigos não relacionados à temática estudada. Para identificação dos resultados optou-se por fazer uma análise descritiva das publicações e agrupamento dos temas. Identificou-se que as produções centram suas escritas nas contribuições de Florence, da religião e de outros povos para a enfermagem. Ademais, prevaleceram discussões acerca da evolução da enfermagem através dos tempos e a história dos cuidados. Compreende-se que estes achados são fundamentais para situar o enfermeiro em sua trajetória, uma vez que a enfermagem permanece em evolução e somos todos atores nesta arte.El objetivo es identificar las publicaciones disponibles en la literatura sobre la historia de la enfermería en el ámbito de la atención prestada por los enfermeros. El método utilizado incluyó la revisión integradora de la literatura, que es uno de los recursos de la práctica basada en la evidencia. La búsqueda se realizó en agosto de 2014, en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Fueran incluidos artículos que presentan en títulos o resúmenes referencias a la historia de la enfermería o la atención de enfermería. Se excluyeron los artículos no relacionados con el tema estudiado. Para la identificación de los resultados se decidió realizar un análisis descriptivo de las publicaciones y agrupación de los temas. Se encontró que las producciones centran sus escritos sobre las contribuciones de Florence, la religión y otros para la enfermería. Por otra parte, se impuso discusiones acerca de la evolución de la enfermería a través de los siglos y la historia de la atención. Se entiende que estos resultados son fundamentales para localizar el enfermero en su historia, ya que la enfermería sigue en curso y somos todos actores de esta arte.The aim is to identify the publications available in the literature about the history of nursing in the field of care provided by nurses. The method used included the integrative literature review, which is one of evidence-based practice resources. The search was conducted in August 2014, in the Virtual Library of Health. Were included articles that presented in titles or abstracts references to the history of nursing or the nursing care. Were excluded articles unrelated to the subject studied. For identification of the results it was decided to make a descriptive analysis of the publications and grouping of topics. It was found that the productions focus their writings on the contributions of Florence, religion and other for nursing. Moreover, prevailed discussions about the evolution of nursing through the ages and the history of care. It is understood that these findings are fundamental to locate the nurse in its history, since the nursing remains in progress and we are all actors in this art

NMDA receptor-dependent signalling pathways regulate arginine vasopressin expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat

YesThe antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulates water homeostasis, blood pressure and a range of stress responses. It is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary into the general circulation upon a range of stimuli. While the mechanisms leading to AVP secretion have been widely investigated, the molecular mechanisms regulating AVP gene expression are mostly unclear. Here we investigated the neurotransmitters and signal transduction pathways that activate AVP gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat using acute brain slices and quantitative real-time PCR. We show that stimulation with l-glutamate robustly induced AVP gene expression in acute hypothalamic brain slices containing the PVN. More specifically, we show that AVP transcription was stimulated by NMDA. Using pharmacological treatments, our data further reveal that the activation of ERK1/2 (PD184352), CaMKII (KN-62) and PI3K (LY294002; 740 Y-P) is involved in the NMDA-induced AVP gene expression in the PVN. Together, this study identifies NMDA-mediated cell signalling pathways that regulate AVP gene expression in the rat PVN.Supported by a generous donation from Jonathan Feuer

Analysing the intersection between health emergencies and abortion during Zika in Brazil, El Salvador and Colombia

The Zika outbreak of 2015-7 is a lens to analyse the positioning of abortion within in global health security. The sequelae of the virus almost exclusively affected newborn children, manifested through Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), and a focus on women at risk of, planning or being pregnant. At the global level, debate considered whether Zika would provide impetus for regulatory change for reproductive rights in Latin America, a region with some of the most restrictive abortion regulation in the world. However, regulatory change for abortion did not occur. We analyse why the Zika health emergency did not lead to any changes in abortion regulation through multi-method analysis of the intersection between Zika, health emergencies and abortion in Brazil, Colombia and El Salvador. These case study countries were purposefully selected; each had Zika infected women (albeit with differing incidence) yet represent diverse regulatory environments for abortion. Our comparative research is multi-method: framework analysis of key informant interviews (n = 49); content analysis of women's enquiries to a medical abortion telemedicine provider; and, policy analysis of (inter)national-level Zika response and abortion policies. We consider this within literature on global health security, and the prioritisation of a particular approach to epidemic control. Within this securitized landscape, despite increased public debate about abortion regulatory change, no meaningful change occurred, due to a dominant epidemiological approach to the Zika health emergency in all three countries and prominent conservative forces in government and within anti-abortion rights movements. Simultaneously, we demonstrate that regulation did not deter all women from seeking such service clandestinely

Putting the Law in its Place: Analyses of recent developments in law relating to same-sex desire in India and Uganda

This collection of essays has been jointly produced by Sexuality Policy Watch and the IDS Sexuality and Development Programme. The collection of analyses presented here juxtaposes the Indian and the Ugandan contexts with the intention of opening up new questions for struggles in both these places, but also with the objective of generating a deeper conversation amongst activists and academics about the peculiarities of Law and Politics as distinct (if connected) realms of action. One feature of these various essays is to bring about the circulation of more nuanced analyses of the particular political-economic and cultural conditions for these dramatic developments in law , which take place at the intricate intersections between global economics, national politics and the so called ‘return of the religious’ (Derrida, 1998) in dogmatic manifestations. Another aspect examined by some of the authors regards the limitations and caveats of dominant juridical, economic and scientific rationales that currently pervade political struggles and advocacy in relation to human rights

KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF VOLLEYBALL SPIKE

Volleyball nowadays is, after soccer, the most practiced sport in Brazil (Bojikian, 2004). However, studies related to the patterns used by the athletes during training are not in common use, especially those aiming to help the coach detect failures. Our goal was to compare the kinematic pattern of the volleyball spike performed by three female athletes of the Sport Club Pinheiros who played as outside hitters. The analysed variables were: ankle, knee and elbow angles during the last step and jump, and the maximum height attained during the jump

MSK1 regulates transcriptional induction of Arc/Arg3.1 in response to neurotrophins

The immediate early gene activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein (Arc)/Arg3.1 and the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play important roles in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory in the mammalian brain. However, the mechanisms by which BDNF regulates the expression of Arc/Arg3.1 are unclear. In this study, we show that BDNF acts via the ERK1/2 pathway to activate the nuclear kinase mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1). MSK1 then induces Arc/Arg3.1 expression via the phosphorylation of histone H3 at the Arc/Arg3.1 promoter. MSK1 can also phosphorylate the transcription factor cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) on Ser133. However, this is not required for BDNF-induced Arc.Arg3.1 transcription as a Ser133Ala knockin mutation had no effect on Arc/Arg3.1 induction. In parallel, ERK1/2 directly activates Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA transcription via at least one serum response element on the promoter, which bind a complex of the Serum Response Factor (SRF) and a Ternary Complex Factor (TCF)