Effect of Color During Transport and Anesthetic Efficacy of Alcoholic Drink, 2-Phenoxyethanol, Clove Oil, MS-222, and Benzocaine in Silver Therapon, Leiopotherapon Plumbeus (Kner 1864)

The study evaluated the survivability of silver therapon, Leiopotherapon plumbeus (Kner, 1864) in different color containers during transport and the efficacy of five anesthetic agents [alcoholic drink, 2-phenoxyethanol, clove oil, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), and benzocaine] in the induction and recovery time of L. plumbeus. Different colored polyethylene bags (black, red, yellow, blue, and transparent) did not influence the survival rate of fish until the termination of the experiment (12-h transport time). The immersion experiment used three different concentrations in each anesthetic agent with three replicates (ten fish specimens per replicate). Different dosages significantly influenced the induction time, with decreased induction efficacies in high dosages. Moreover, the 200 ml L-1 and 300 ml L-1 alcoholic drinks anesthetized the fish specimens comparable to the induction efficacy of several dosages of 2-phenoxyethanol, MS-222, and benzocaine. Recovery time significantly varied among treatments, with a prolonged recovery period with increasing anesthetic concentrations. Regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between fish standard length and induction time (P < 0.05), albeit more pronounced in smaller dosages. Induction and recovery times were not correlated to fish size when exposed to higher dosages. The present finding demonstrated the anesthetic efficacy of four commercial anesthetic solutions, so as with alcoholic drinks with concentrations between or equal to 200 ml L-1 and 300 ml L-1. Experimental trials for fish euthanization and field trials are open for further investigation

Awareness on the Harmful Effects of E-Cigarette Smoking "Basis for Health Education"

Electronic cigarettes are becoming recognized as one of today's teen habits. They use E-cigarettes as an alternative to smoking cigarettes or tobacco. Teenagers believe that smoking helps relieve tension from a long day of work as a part of their way of life. The purpose of this study was to determine and assess the awareness on the harmful effects of E-cigarette smoking among the users in 4 barangays in Echague, Isabela. The study used a quantitative design and used snowball sampling type of research design to determine the respondent’s awareness on the harmful effects of E-cigarettes. Demographic data and 4point Likert-scale type items were used to gather needed information. Data was collected by online surveys using Google Forms and face- to-face surveys utilizing printed questionnaires and were analyzed using Pearson correlation. The findings indicated that the majority of respondents were males, their length of use is 2 years. Most of them are 21 years old and are undergraduate. The findings show that the respondents are slightly aware of the harmful effects of using E-cigarette. Concerning to their physical health that can cause a lot of diseases such as cancer, pulmonary diseases, brain damage, cardiovascular disease, and sexual and reproductive dysfunction. It can be inferred that respondents are slightly aware of how using E-cigarettes has influenced their everyday activities and finances. In terms of their social lives, this study also reveals that the participants are only slightly aware that using e-cigarettes can cause harm to others

Productive disruption: opportunities and challenges for innovation in infectious disease surveillance

Infectious diseases place an unacceptable and disproportionate social and economic burden on low-income countries. National disease control programmes have the difficult task of allocating limited budgets for interventions across regions of their countries, based on often disparate datasets of varying quality from a range of sources including clinics, hospitals, village health workers, the private sector and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Every stage of the data collection and analysis pipeline for surveillance systems may be affected by a lack of capacity as well as by biases and misaligned incentives for reporting and managing data. Addressing these issues will be essential for effective reduction in the burden of endemic infectious diseases globally as well as to preparing for emerging epidemic threats

Productive disruption: opportunities and challenges for innovation in infectious disease surveillance

* New innovations that could transform infectious disease surveillance and control, including the use of Big Data, mobile health approaches and cutting edge quantitative methods, offer hope for disrupting traditional health systems and improving health worldwide.* Much has been made of their potential, but very few have been translated successfully into policy or scaled up to a population level.* We argue that there is currently a lack of integration of new approaches, making them unsustainable or unrealistic for most national control programmes and that the gulf between academia and policy makers remains a major barrier to their implementation.* We propose that these innovations must be designed with direct input from national control programmes and embedded within already existing health systems

The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC

International audienc