COVID-19 in Paris: Identifying intentions

N/

Being Human in Medicine: Beyond Hierarchy

Non

Acute kidney injury in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury (ICPi-AKI) has emerged as an important toxicity among patients with cancer. Methods: We collected data on 429 patients with ICPi-AKI and 429 control patients who received ICPis contemporaneously but who did not develop ICPi-AKI from 30 sites in 10 countries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ICPi-AKI and its recovery. A multivariable Cox model was used to estimate the effect of ICPi rechallenge versus no rechallenge on survival following ICPi-AKI. Results: ICPi-AKI occurred at a median of 16 weeks (IQR 8-32) following ICPi initiation. Lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, and extrarenal immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were each associated with a higher risk of ICPi-AKI. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis was the most common lesion on kidney biopsy (125/151 biopsied patients [82.7%]). Renal recovery occurred in 276 patients (64.3%) at a median of 7 weeks (IQR 3-10) following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids within 14 days following ICPi-AKI diagnosis was associated with higher odds of renal recovery (adjusted OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.58 to 4.41). Among patients treated with corticosteroids, early initiation of corticosteroids (within 3 days of ICPi-AKI) was associated with a higher odds of renal recovery compared with later initiation (more than 3 days following ICPi-AKI) (adjusted OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.79). Of 121 patients rechallenged, 20 (16.5%) developed recurrent ICPi-AKI. There was no difference in survival among patients rechallenged versus those not rechallenged following ICPi-AKI. Conclusions: Patients who developed ICPi-AKI were more likely to have impaired renal function at baseline, use a PPI, and have extrarenal irAEs. Two-thirds of patients had renal recovery following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids was associated with improved renal recovery

Evolution de la fonction rénale après arrêt de la ciclosporine chez les patients traités pour uvéite de Birdshot

PARIS5-BU Méd.Cochin (751142101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocCentre Technique Livre Ens. Sup. (774682301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Impact d'une formation à la gestion du stress sur le vécu de la maladie dans l'insuffisance rénale chronique dans un hôpital universitaire français

Introduction : Les patients vivant avec une maladie rénale chronique expriment une franche altération de leur qualité de vie. Parmi les éléments impactant ces résultats, le stress chronique lié à la maladie et ses traitements et la douleur sont des plaintes très prévalentes et insuffisamment prises en charge. Cette étude évalue l'impact de la participation de patients insuffisants rénaux chroniques à un programme de gestion du stress par la méditation de pleine conscience (développé aux USA il y a plus de 25 ans par J. Kabat Zinn).Patients et Méthodes : L’enquête s’est concrétisée par la réalisation d’un dispositif « d’observation participante » par une sociologue au sein d’un programme MBSR (meditation-based-stress-reduction program) mis en place dans un service de néphrologie et la réalisation d’une enquête longitudinale : suivi des patients après la formation réalisés dans le cadre de « récits de vie ». Les résultats sont qualitatifs et portent sur la gestion du stress, la capacité à prendre soin de soi et à se mettre en posture de résilience.Résultats : Les premiers résultats permettent de rendre compte d’une amélioration des compétences des patients dans la gestion du stress, dans leur capacité à prendre soin d’eux, à anticiper les difficultés liées à leurs pathologies et à développer des mécanismes de compensation. L’enquête permet aussi de rendre compte d’une amélioration dans le vécu des malades du système de soin et une vision plus positive de l’hôpital et du rapport avec les soignants.Discussion et Conclusion : Les programmes d'education thérapeutique peuvent s'enrichir d'interventions pédagogiques orientées vers l'acquisition de compétences necessaires au maintien de soi en vie avec la maladie. L'amélioration de la gestion du stress par la méditation de pleine conscience pourrait être un moyen d'améliorer la qualité de vie des patients et en tous cas de diminuer le stress perçu

Hepatitis C Therapy in Renal Patients: Who, How, When?

International audienceRenal patients are overexposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Hepatitis C virus infection may induce renal disease, i.e., cryoglobulinemic membrano-proliferative glomerulopathy and non-cryoglobulinemic nephropathy. Hepatitis C virus impacts general outcomes in chronic kidney disease, dialysis or transplanted patients. Hepatitis C virus infection is now about to be only part of their medical history thanks to new direct acting antiviral drugs exhibiting as much as over 95% of sustained virological response. All HCV-infected patients potentially can receive the treatment. Control of the virus is associated with better outcomes in all cases, whatever the severity of the hepatic or renal disease. This article focuses on HCV-induced renal diseases, the reciprocal impact of HCV infection on the renal outcome and renal status in liver disease, use of new direct-acting antiviral drugs with dosage adaptations and the most recent safety data

Hepatitis C Therapy in Renal Patients: Who, How, When?

<p><u>Article full text</u></p> <p>The full text of this article can be found at <b><u>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40121-016-0116-z</u></b></p><p><b><u><br></u></b></p> <p><u>Provide enhanced content for this article</u></p> <p>If you are an author of this publication and would like to provide additional enhanced content for your article then please contact <a href="http://www.medengine.com/Redeem/”mailto:[email protected]”"><b>[email protected]</b></a>.</p> <p>The journal offers a range of additional features designed to increase visibility and readership. All features will be thoroughly peer reviewed to ensure the content is of the highest scientific standard and all features are marked as ‘peer reviewed’ to ensure readers are aware that the content has been reviewed to the same level as the articles they are being presented alongside. Moreover, all sponsorship and disclosure information is included to provide complete transparency and adherence to good publication practices. This ensures that however the content is reached the reader has a full understanding of its origin. No fees are charged for hosting additional open access content.</p> <p>Other enhanced features include, but are not limited to:</p> <ul> <li>Slide decks</li> <li>Videos and animations</li> <li>Audio abstracts</li> <li>Audio slides</li> </ul

Néphrotoxicité du ténofovir

International audienceTenofovir is currently the only commercially available nucleotidic reverse-transcriptase inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is overall very well tolerated and is prescribed to millions of patients–without any specific monitoring in developing countries. However a significant nephrotoxicity has been described. Acute nephrotoxicity is well characterized. Tenofovir is excreted in urine by proximal tubular epithelial cells. In case of cytoplasmic accumulation, tenofovir inhibits mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ, which causes a dysfunction of the respiratory chain, and in turn an alteration of the energy-deprived cells. Fanconi syndrome is the clinical expression of tenofovir acute toxicity, with sometimes an associated acute kidney failure. These abnormalities are usually reversible, at least partially, when tenofovir is discontinued. Tenofovir chronic toxicity has been debated but seems now well established by several cohort studies, even though it pathophysiology has yet to be understood. It manifests as an accelerated glomerular filtration rate decline in treated patients with no other renal abnormalities. The identification of this chronic toxicity was probably blurred by multiple cofactors, usually excluded from clinical trials. Simple measures such as dose adaptation to kidney function, identification of risk factors, and plasmatic tenofovir concentration monitoring can help decrease the risk of nephrotoxicity.Le ténofovir est le seul inhibiteur nucléotidique de la transcriptase inverse du virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) actuellement commercialisé. Bien qu’il s’agisse d’un médicament globalement bien toléré prescrit à des millions de patients – sans surveillance particulière dans les pays en voie de développement – une néphrotoxicité considérable a été décrite au cours des années d’utilisation. La toxicité aiguë du ténofovir est maintenant bien comprise. Le ténofovir est excrété par les cellules épithéliales tubulaires proximales. En cas d’accumulation intracytoplasmique, le ténofovir inhibe l’ADN-polymérase γ mitochondriale. Un dysfonctionnement de la chaîne respiratoire s’ensuit, provoquant une altération de ces cellules qui sont privées d’énergie. Cliniquement, le dysfonctionnement tubulaire proximal se manifeste par un syndrome de Fanconi, parfois associé à une insuffisance rénale aiguë. Ces troubles sont (au moins partiellement) réversibles à l’arrêt du ténofovir. La toxicité rénale chronique du ténofovir, longtemps incertaine, semble maintenant assez bien démontrée par plusieurs études de cohortes, même si le mécanisme en reste à ce jour inconnu. Cette toxicité se manifeste par un déclin accéléré de la fonction rénale, sans autre anomalie rénale associée. C’est sans doute la multiplicité des cofacteurs, souvent exclus lors des essais cliniques, qui a rendu difficile sa mise en évidence. Des règles assez simples, telles que l’adaptation posologique à la fonction rénale, la recherche de facteurs de risque ou encore les dosages plasmatiques en ténofovir, permettent de limiter le risque de néphrotoxicité

Hepatitis C virus infection and chronic kidney disease: Time for reappraisal

International audienceHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with tremendous morbidity and mortality due to liver complications. HCV infection is also associated with many extrahepatic manifestations including cardiovascular diseases, glucose metabolism impairment, cryoglobulinemia vasculitis, B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many studies have shown a strong association between HCV and CKD, by reporting (i) an increased prevalence of HCV infection in patients on haemodialysis, (ii) an increased incidence of CKD and proteinuria in HCV-infected patients, and (iii) the development of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to HCV-induced cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. HCV seropositivity is found to be associated with an increased relative risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the dialysis population. HCV seropositivity is linked to lower patient and graft survival after kidney transplantation. Such poor HCV-associated prognosis should have encouraged clinicians to treat HCV in CKD patients. However, due to frequent side effects and the poor efficacy of interferon-based treatments, very few HCV dialysis patients have received HCV medications until now. The emergence of new direct acting, interferon-free antiviral treatment, leading to HCV cure in most cases with a satisfactory safety profile, will shortly modify the management of HCV infection in CKD patients. In patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >30 ml/min, the choice of DAA is not restricted. In those with a GFR 15 ml/min, only paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir/dasabuvir or a grazoprevir plus elbasvir regimen are approved. In patients with end stage renal disease (GFR <15 ml/min or dialysis), current data only allows for the use of a grazoprevir plus elbasvir combination. No doubt these data will be modified in the future with the advent of new studies including larger cohorts of HCV patients with renal impairment

Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Analysis Framework

This paper presents the design of an autonomous tracking device to enhance understanding of ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The resulting tool aims to serve as a framework for research analysis and a decision support for treatment adjustments in peritoneal dialysis