Efecto de la suplementación de edulcorantes naturales y artificiales sobre el perfil histomorfológico y la distribución corporal del tejido adiposo en el ratón BALB/c

with the indiscriminate consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) an increase of adipose tissue has been observed, even though these products do not directly participate in the generation of metabolic energy. Until now the physiological mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs is unknown. Objective: to compare the effect of the supplementation of natural and artificial sweeteners on the histomorphological profile and body distribution of body adipose tissue in BALB/c mice. Material and methods: experimental, prospective and comparative study. Of 40 male BALB/c mice, five study groups were formed: 1) water control, 2) sucrose, 3) sucralose, 4) stevia, 5) aspartame, which were treated with sweeteners. After 6 weeks, plasma glucose, lipid profile, irisin concentration and body composition were determined by bioimpedance. Adipose tissue was determined inguinal, gonadal and mesenteric fat mass, number of cells/histological section area and relative cell volume. Results: at the end of the study it was found that the experimental groups: sucrose, aspartame, stevia and sucralose consumed more food; and a weight gain at the end of the treatment (p <0.03). The sucrose group consumed considerably more food without metabolic changes except in the weight gain without any other major change. However, there was an increase in gonadal fat in the stevia group (p <0.0001); inguinal in the sucralose and mesenteric group in the stevia and sucralose groups, as well as a decrease in plasma irisin concentrations in the sucralose group. Discussion and conclusions: compared to the control group, the groups under treatment with NNS and sucrose showed higher glycemic figures. The data suggest that non-caloric sweeteners are not inert to metabolism and to the increase of adipose tissue.Con el consumo indiscriminado de edulcorantes no calóricos (ENC) se ha observado un incremento de tejido adiposo, a pesar de que estos productos no participan directamente en la generación de energía metabólica. Hasta ahora se desconoce el mecanismo fisiológico por el cual ocurre este fenómeno. Objetivo: Comparar el efecto de la suplementación de edulcorantes naturales y artificiales sobre el perfil histomorfológico y distribución corporal del tejido de adiposo corporal en ratones BALB/c. Material y métodos: Estudio experimental, prospectivo y comparativo. De 40 ratones BALB/c machos se formaron cinco grupos de estudio 1) control agua, 2) sacarosa, 3) sucralosa, 4) estevia, 5) aspartame) que recibieron tratamiento con edulcorantes. Posterior a 6 semanas se determinaron glucosa en plasma, perfil de lípidos, concentración de irisina y composición corporal por bioimpedancia. Del tejido adiposo se determinaron masa grasa inguinal, gonadal y mesentérica, número de células/área de corte histológico y volumen celular relativo. Resultados: Al final del estudio se encontró que los grupos experimentales: sacarosa, aspartame, estevia y sucralosa consumieron más alimento; y una ganancia de peso al termino del tratamiento (p<0.03). El grupo sacarosa consumió considerablemente más alimento sin cambios metabólicos excepto en el aumento de peso sin ningún otro cambio importante. Sin embargo hubo aumento de grasa gonadal en grupo estevia (p<0.0001); inguinal en el grupo de sucralosa y mesentérica en los grupos de estevia y sucralosa, asi como una disminución en las concentraciones plasmáticas de irisina en el grupo con sucralosa. Discusión y conclusiones: En comparación con el grupo control, los grupos bajo tratamiento con ECN y sacarosa mostrarón cifras mayores de glucemia. Los datos sugieren que los edulcorantes no calóricos no son inertes al metabolismo y al aumento del tejido adiposo

CALM SR: Classroom Activities for Learning and Managing Self-Regulation

CALM SR is a program developed for 3-4-year-olds to increase successful participation in desired occupations due to improved self-regulation skills. This program is designed for implementation in a preschool setting over the course of 9 weeks. This program incorporates activities that target sill acquisition across multiple domains. Activities are supplemented by literature, visual displays, modeling, and facilitation of the self-regulation process.https://soar.usa.edu/otdcapstonesspring2023/1015/thumbnail.jp

Women with Blood Hypertension: A Dialogical Reflection

The article reflects on the “philosophy of dialogue” of Martín Buber for the analysis of the relationship of women who live with arterial hypertension. With the theoretical proposal of Buber, considering the social context from the world view of the disease, this leads to relationships of suffering and anguish, but with dialogue among the people who live with this disease it is observed in specific cases of chronic disease. Likewise, the panorama of the problem is the interaction between the social being and the disease, in order to generate a dialogue between the disease and the women who live daily this condition

Percepção de um grupo de homens acerca da Diabetes Mellitus: contribuições para a enfermagem

Artículo que muestra el papel del hombre en relación con el binomio salud-enfermedad ha sido poco estudiado; en este sentido, la percepción puede ser un referente para su cuidado científico de enfermería.The aim was to understand how men in the State of Mexico perceive diabetes. An ethnographic study based on in-depth interviews with 15 men with diabetes who participate in an exercise program, in a municipality in Mexico. For a period of eleven months, the main researcher remained in contact with this community of men who belong to a support group. Content analysis was performed to group data into categories. The men expressed that in their daily lives the disease gave rise to different feelings, such as fear, anxiety, anger and sadness. These perceptions help nurses to understand the social and cultural world, comprised of beliefs, actions and interactions. The field of nursing is in need of new paradigms to provide an epistemic foundation for the care of these men living with diabetes.Sin patrcinado

Chemerin, omentin-1 and miR-103p and their relationship with gestational diabetes mellitus

Diversos genes pueden desencadenar la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG), considerada como un problema de salud pública de etiología compleja y multifactorial. Objetivo: presentar una revisión de tema de la evidencia científica disponible sobre el impacto de la expresión de los genes omentina-1, quemerina y miR-1013p, implicados en el desarrollo de la DMG. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de estudios electrónicos transversales a través de la base de datos registrados en MEDLINE y PUBMED, publicados durante 2010-2019, que valoraran mediciones de los tres genes en mujeres con DMG. Resultados: ocho artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, cuatro artículos midieron los niveles de quemerina, tres de omentina-1 y uno de miR-103p. Entre los niveles de quemerina se mostró que la circulación de quemerina y miR-103p se correlacionó positivamente con las variables metabólicas durante el primer y tercer trimestre del embarazo. Se demostró que la liberación de omentina-1 fue mayor en el tejido adiposo vs. placenta cuando se presenta obesidad. Conclusión: la expresión de genes y la presencia de obesidad están relacionados con el desarrollo de la diabetes mellitus gestacional

The Effects of Language Barriers on Physical Activity of “Promotora” Community Health Care Workers in the South Texas-Mexico Border Region

PURPOSE: The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) is not only characterized by elevated school drop-out rates, poverty and unemployment, but also physical inactivity, obesity as well as language barriers. The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between commonly used self-reported methods compared with objectively measured physical activity amongst community health worker; promotoras. METHODS: Our cross-sectional study, 17 promotoras (adult Latinas) capable of engaging in moderate-vigorous PA. We conducted anthropometric assessments (body mass index (BMI), body fatness (%)), assessed PA (accelerometry, and Jurca non-exercise test), and measured self-reported PA behaviors. RESULTS: Promotoras BMI were similar to other Latina women in the United States and averaged 40.0 ± 7.1 % body fat. More than half of our sample were either overweight or obese. Promotoras also exhibited a low estimated cardiorespiratory capacity of 26.0 ± 9.1 VO2/kg/min from the Jurca non-exercise test which was also significantly correlated with measured accelerometry activity. All tests were assessed using Spearman correlation analyses at a significance level of .05. CONCLUSION: Since some of the greatest health disparities occur among those who do not speak English as a first language; improvements in language barriers may enable Latinas to obtain, process and understand basic health and physical activity information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. This study provides insight on the effect language barriers may have on Latina’s health outcomes in the RGV

Promotoras’ Current Lifestyle Behavior and the Influence on Body Composition and Physical Function

PURPOSE: A significant public health problem is the increased quantity of time spent sedentary. Although promotoras, Spanish for community health workers, are being utilized to promote health behaviors along the South Texas-Mexico Rio Grande Valley (RGV) border region, Latinas are among the most physically inactive and obese segment of the US population. The purpose of this study was to identify the current lifestyle behaviors impact on body composition and physical functioning. METHODS: We conducted an analysis of the recorded body position (sitting, standing and recumbent) from an accelerometer versus the percentage of body fat and the estimated cardiorespiratory function recorded from the Jurca non-exercise test on 17 promotoras. Anthropometric measures included: body fatness and body composition. Participants wore an accelerometer for one week. Descriptive statistics were performed on all variables. RESULTS: Our participants averaged 40.0 ± 7.1% body fat. Cardiorespiratory capacity was 26.0 ± 9.1 VO2/kg/min. The accelerometer recorded 59% in sitting activity. A correlation of sitting and standing versus % body fat was performed with results as (p=.668) and (p=.773) respectively. A correlation of the data for sitting and standing versus estimated cardiorespiratory function was performed with results as (p=.672) and (p=.689) respectively. A correlation was performed on recumbent position versus the performance of a 2 min step test resulting in (p=.701). CONCLUSION: By understanding promotoras physical activity, an idea of the lifestyle of this population can be obtained and improved. To diminish sedentary behavior, the most rudimentary method would be to decrease sitting and laying down

Validity of instruments to measure physical activity may be questionable due to a lack of conceptual frameworks: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Regulators' guidance documents for the development and validation of patient reported outcomes (PROs) advise the use of conceptual frameworks, which outline the structure of the concept that a PRO aims to measure. It is unknown if currently available PROs are based on conceptual frameworks. This study, limited to a specific case, aimed (i) to identify conceptual frameworks of physical activity in chronic respiratory patients or similar populations (chronic heart disease patients or the elderly), and (ii) to assess if the development and validation of PROs to measure physical activity in these populations were based on a conceptual framework of physical activity. METHODS: Two systematic reviews were conducted through search in Medline, Embase, Psychinfo, and Cinahl databases up to January 2010. RESULTS: In the first review only 2 references, identified from 581 references about physical activity in the defined populations, provided a conceptual framework of physical activity in COPD patients. In the second review, out of 103 studies developing PROs to measure physical activity or related constructs, none of them was based on a conceptual framework of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings raise concerns about how the large body of evidence from studies that use physical activity PRO instruments should be evaluated by health care providers, guideline developers, and regulatory bodies