Urban Climate, Human behavior & Energy consumption: from LCZ mapping to simulation and urban planning (the MapUCE project)

International audienceThe MApUCE project aims to integrate in urban policies and most relevant legal documents quantitative data from urban microclimate, climate and energy.The primary objective of this project is to obtain climate and energy quantitative data from numerical simulations, focusing on urban microclimate and building energy consumption in the residential and service sectors, which represents in France 41% of the final energy consumption. Both aspects are coupled as building energy consumption is highly meteorologically dependent (e.g. domestic heating, air-conditioning) and heat waste impact the Urban Heat Island. We propose to develop, using national databases, a generic and automated method for generating Local Climate Zones (LCZ) for all cities in France, including the urban architectural, geographical and sociological parameters necessary for energy and microclimate simulations.As will be presented, previous projects on adaptation of cities to climate change have shown that human behavior is a very potent level to address energy consumption reduction, as much as urban forms or architectural technologies. Therefore, in order to further refine the coupled urban climate and energy consumption calculations, we will develop within TEB (and its Building Energy Module) a model of energy consumer behavior.The second objective of the project is to propose a methodology to integrate quantitative data in urban policies. Lawyers analyze the potential levers in legal and planning documents. A few “best cases” are also studied, in order to evaluate their performances. Finally, based on urban planning agencies requirements, we will define vectors to include quantified energy-climate data to legal urban planning documents. These vectors have to be understandable by urban planners and contain the relevant information.To meet these challenges, the project is organized around strongly interdisciplinary partners in the following fields: law, urban climate, building energetics, architecture, sociology, geography and meteorology, as well as the national federation of urban planning agencies.In terms of results, the cross-analysis of input urban parameters and urban micro-climate-energy simulated data will be available on-line as standardized maps for each of the studied cities. The urban parameter production tool as well as the models will be available as open-source. LCZ and associated urban (and social!) indicators may be integrated within the WUDAPT database

Spatial contrasts and temporal changes in fine-scale heat exposure and vulnerability in the Paris region

International audienceHeat is identified as a key climate risk in Europe. Vulnerability to heat can be aggravated by enhanced exposure (e.g., urban heat island), individual susceptibility (e.g., age, income), and adaptive capacity (e.g., home ownership, presence of vegetation). We investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of the environmental and social drivers of vulnerability to heat in the Paris region, France, over the 2000-2020 period, and their association with mortality (restricted to 2000-2017). Daily temperatures were modeled for the 5,265 IRIS of the Paris region for 2000-2020. Annual land use and socioeconomic data were collected for each IRIS. They were used to identify a priori five classes of heat-vulnerable areas based on a cluster analysis. The temperature-mortality relationship was investigated using a time-series approach stratified by clusters of vulnerability. The Paris region exhibited a strong urban heat island effect, with a marked shift in temperature distributions after 2015. The clustering suggested that the most heat-vulnerable IRIS in the Paris region have a high or very high exposure to temperature in a highly urbanized environment with little vegetation, but are not systematically associated with social deprivation. A similar J-shape temperature-mortality relationship was observed in the five clusters. Between 2000 and 2017, around 8,000 deaths were attributable to heat, 5,600 of which were observed in the most vulnerable clusters. Vulnerability assessments based on geographical indicators are key tools for urban planners and decision-makers. They complement the knowledge about individual risk factors but should be further evaluated through interdisciplinary collaborations

NF Z76-041-1: Norme de description pour l'éducation en France - Partie 1 : Description des ressources pédagogiques (NoDEfr-1)

International audienceCe document spécifie la norme française de description pour l'éducation partie 1 : description des ressources (NoDEfr-1) . Cette norme est définie comme un profil d'application de la norme internationale ISO/IEC 19788 Information technology - Learning, education and training - Metadata for learning resources / Technologies de l'information - Apprentissage, éducation et formation - Métadonnées pour ressources d'apprentissage. Elle repose sur différentes parties de cette norme (plus particulièrement les parties 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11)

NF Z76-041-1: Norme de description pour l'éducation en France - Partie 1 : Description des ressources pédagogiques (NoDEfr-1)

International audienceCe document spécifie la norme française de description pour l'éducation partie 1 : description des ressources (NoDEfr-1) . Cette norme est définie comme un profil d'application de la norme internationale ISO/IEC 19788 Information technology - Learning, education and training - Metadata for learning resources / Technologies de l'information - Apprentissage, éducation et formation - Métadonnées pour ressources d'apprentissage. Elle repose sur différentes parties de cette norme (plus particulièrement les parties 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11)

Urban Climate, Human behavior and Energy consumption : from LCZ mapping to simulation and urban planning (the MapUCE project)

International audienc