Optimal control theory based design of elasto-magnetic metamaterial

A method to design a new type of metamaterial is presented. A two-step strategy to define an optimal long-range force distribution embedded in an elastic support to control wave propagation is considered. The first step uses a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to produce an optimal set of long-range interactions. In the second step, a least square passive approximation of the LQR optimal gains is determined. The paper investigates numerical solutions obtained by the previously described procedure. Finally, we discuss physical and engineering implications and practical use of the present study

Long-range retarded elastic metamaterials: wave-stopping, negative, and hypersonic or superluminal group velocity

This paper investigates new phenomena in elastic wave propagation in metamaterials, characterised by long-range interactions. The kind of waves borne in this context unveil wave-stopping, negative group velocity, instability and hypersonic or superluminal effects, both for instantaneous and for nonlocal retarded actions. Closed form results are presented and a universal propagation map synthesizes the expected properties of these materials. Perspectives in physics, engineering and social dynamics are discussed

Hybrid Session Verification through Endpoint API Generation

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016.This paper proposes a new hybrid session verification methodology for applying session types directly to mainstream languages, based on generating protocol-specific endpoint APIs from multiparty session types. The API generation promotes static type checking of the behavioural aspect of the source protocol by mapping the state space of an endpoint in the protocol to a family of channel types in the target language. This is supplemented by very light run-time checks in the generated API that enforce a linear usage discipline on instances of the channel types. The resulting hybrid verification guarantees the absence of protocol violation errors during the execution of the session. We implement our methodology for Java as an extension to the Scribble framework, and use it to specify and implement compliant clients and servers for real-world protocols such as HTTP and SMTP

Valores fisiológicos en sangre y orina de rana toro en cautiverio, <i>rana catesbeiana</i> (<i>Anura: ranidae</i>)

Con el propósito de obtener valores sanguíneos y urinarios de referencia, 302 muestras de ejemplares sanos de Rana catesbeiana del nordeste argentino (9-21 meses de edad, 50% de cada sexo), fueron analizadas por espectrofotometría, electroforesis, densitometría, refractometría y microscopía. Fueron obtenidos intervalos de confianza (p<0,05) para hematocrito (28,6-31,6%), eritrocitos (0,40-0,44 T/L), VCM (686-732 fL), hemoglobina (6,41-7,20 g/dL), HCM (151-164 pg), CHCM (22,6-24,0%), leucocitos (18,7-22,3 G/L), neutrófilos (58,4-63,4%), linfocitos (23,9-29,8%), monocitos (2,1-3,8%), eosinófilos (4,6-7,0%), basófilos (2,9-4,1%), fibrinógeno (0,59-0,99 g/dL), proteínas totales (4,19-4,49 g/dL), albúmina (1,49-1,67 g/dL), globulinas (2,64-2,97 g/dL), creatinina (4,09-5,56 mg/L), urea (76,1-92,4 mg/L), ácido úrico (11,5-15,4 mg/L), triglicéridos (0,34-0,52 g/L), colesterol total (0,56-0,67 g/L), C-HDL (0,03-0,05 g/L), C-LDL (0,34-0,44 g/L), alfa lipoproteína (6,01-8,67%), beta lipoproteína (91,3-93,9%), glucosa (0,45-0,54 g/L), Na (116-121 meq/L), K (3,42-3,81 meq/L), Cl (100-116 meq/L), Ca (7,98-8,61 mg/dL), P (8,31-9,36 mg/dL), Mg (2,26-2,55 mg/dL), Fe (105- 178 ug/dL), ALP (144-170 UI/L), ALT (10,0-14,8 UI/L), AST (42,8-53,4 UI/L), GGT (7,8-10,6 UI/L), LDH (99-135 UI/L), CHE (151-185 UI/L), CPK (365-500 UI/L), tiempo de sangría (289- 393s), tiempo de coagulación (452-696s), tiempo de protrombina (76-128s), densidad urinaria (1,0061-1,0089) y pH urinario (6,38-6,96). Algunos intervalos fueron semejantes a los obtenidos en anfibios, aves o mamíferos, pero otros resultaron muy diferentes. Ciertos parámetros registraron variaciones fisiológicas atribuibles a edad, sexo, estación del año y sistema de manejo y alimentación. Se resalta la utilidad de los parámetros estudiados para evaluar estados sanitario, metabólico y nutricional de la rana toro en cautiverio.Samples of healthy Rana catesbeiana (302 specimens, 9-21 months-old, 50% each sex) from the north-east of Argentina, were analyzed by spectrophotometry, electrophoresis, densitometry, refractometry and microscopy in order to obtain blood and urine reference values. Confidence intervals (p<0.05) for PCV (28.6-31.6%), RBC (0.40-0.44 T/L), MCV (686- 732 fL), hemoglobin (6.41-7.20 g/dL), MCH (151-164 pg), MCHC (22.6-24.0%), WBC (18.7- 22.3 G/L), neutrophils (58.4-63.4%), lymphocytes (23.9-29.8%), monocytes (2.1-3.8%), eosinophils (4.6-7.0%), basophils (2.9-4.1%), fibrinogen (0.59-0.99 g/dL), total protein (4.19-4.49 g/dL), albumin (1.49-1.67 g/dL), globulins (2.64-2.97 g/dL), creatinine (4.09-5.56 mg/L), urea (76.1-92.4 mg/L), uric acid (11.5-15.4 mg/L), triglycerides (0.34-0.52 g/L), total cholesterol (0.56-0.67 g/L), HDL-C (0.03-0.05 g/L), LDL-C (0.34-0.44 g/L), alpha lipoprotein (6.01-8.67%), beta lipoprotein (91.3-93.9%), glucose (0.45-0.54 g/L), Na (116-121 meq/L), K (3.42-3.81 meq/ L), Cl (100-116 meq/L), Ca (7.98-8.61 mg/dL), P (8.31-9.36 mg/dL), Mg (2.26-2.55 mg/dL), Fe (105-178 ug/dL), ALP (144-170 IU/L), ALT (10.0-14.8 IU/L), AST (42.8-53.4 IU/L), GGT (7.8- 10.6 IU/L), LDH (99-135 IU/L), CHE (151-185 IU/L), CPK (365-500 IU/L), bleeding time (289- 393s), coagulation time (452-696s), prothrombin time (76-128s), urinary density (1.0061- 1.0089), and urinary pH (6,38-6.96), were obtained. Some intervals were similar to those obtained in amphibians, birds or mammals, but others were very different. Physiological variations attributable to age, sex, season, and handling and feeding system, were registered on certain parameters. The usefulness of the parameters studied to evaluate sanitary, metabolic and nutritional state on captive bullfrog should be emphasized.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Valores fisiológicos en sangre y orina de rana toro en cautiverio, <i>rana catesbeiana</i> (<i>Anura: ranidae</i>)

Con el propósito de obtener valores sanguíneos y urinarios de referencia, 302 muestras de ejemplares sanos de Rana catesbeiana del nordeste argentino (9-21 meses de edad, 50% de cada sexo), fueron analizadas por espectrofotometría, electroforesis, densitometría, refractometría y microscopía. Fueron obtenidos intervalos de confianza (p<0,05) para hematocrito (28,6-31,6%), eritrocitos (0,40-0,44 T/L), VCM (686-732 fL), hemoglobina (6,41-7,20 g/dL), HCM (151-164 pg), CHCM (22,6-24,0%), leucocitos (18,7-22,3 G/L), neutrófilos (58,4-63,4%), linfocitos (23,9-29,8%), monocitos (2,1-3,8%), eosinófilos (4,6-7,0%), basófilos (2,9-4,1%), fibrinógeno (0,59-0,99 g/dL), proteínas totales (4,19-4,49 g/dL), albúmina (1,49-1,67 g/dL), globulinas (2,64-2,97 g/dL), creatinina (4,09-5,56 mg/L), urea (76,1-92,4 mg/L), ácido úrico (11,5-15,4 mg/L), triglicéridos (0,34-0,52 g/L), colesterol total (0,56-0,67 g/L), C-HDL (0,03-0,05 g/L), C-LDL (0,34-0,44 g/L), alfa lipoproteína (6,01-8,67%), beta lipoproteína (91,3-93,9%), glucosa (0,45-0,54 g/L), Na (116-121 meq/L), K (3,42-3,81 meq/L), Cl (100-116 meq/L), Ca (7,98-8,61 mg/dL), P (8,31-9,36 mg/dL), Mg (2,26-2,55 mg/dL), Fe (105- 178 ug/dL), ALP (144-170 UI/L), ALT (10,0-14,8 UI/L), AST (42,8-53,4 UI/L), GGT (7,8-10,6 UI/L), LDH (99-135 UI/L), CHE (151-185 UI/L), CPK (365-500 UI/L), tiempo de sangría (289- 393s), tiempo de coagulación (452-696s), tiempo de protrombina (76-128s), densidad urinaria (1,0061-1,0089) y pH urinario (6,38-6,96). Algunos intervalos fueron semejantes a los obtenidos en anfibios, aves o mamíferos, pero otros resultaron muy diferentes. Ciertos parámetros registraron variaciones fisiológicas atribuibles a edad, sexo, estación del año y sistema de manejo y alimentación. Se resalta la utilidad de los parámetros estudiados para evaluar estados sanitario, metabólico y nutricional de la rana toro en cautiverio.Samples of healthy Rana catesbeiana (302 specimens, 9-21 months-old, 50% each sex) from the north-east of Argentina, were analyzed by spectrophotometry, electrophoresis, densitometry, refractometry and microscopy in order to obtain blood and urine reference values. Confidence intervals (p<0.05) for PCV (28.6-31.6%), RBC (0.40-0.44 T/L), MCV (686- 732 fL), hemoglobin (6.41-7.20 g/dL), MCH (151-164 pg), MCHC (22.6-24.0%), WBC (18.7- 22.3 G/L), neutrophils (58.4-63.4%), lymphocytes (23.9-29.8%), monocytes (2.1-3.8%), eosinophils (4.6-7.0%), basophils (2.9-4.1%), fibrinogen (0.59-0.99 g/dL), total protein (4.19-4.49 g/dL), albumin (1.49-1.67 g/dL), globulins (2.64-2.97 g/dL), creatinine (4.09-5.56 mg/L), urea (76.1-92.4 mg/L), uric acid (11.5-15.4 mg/L), triglycerides (0.34-0.52 g/L), total cholesterol (0.56-0.67 g/L), HDL-C (0.03-0.05 g/L), LDL-C (0.34-0.44 g/L), alpha lipoprotein (6.01-8.67%), beta lipoprotein (91.3-93.9%), glucose (0.45-0.54 g/L), Na (116-121 meq/L), K (3.42-3.81 meq/ L), Cl (100-116 meq/L), Ca (7.98-8.61 mg/dL), P (8.31-9.36 mg/dL), Mg (2.26-2.55 mg/dL), Fe (105-178 ug/dL), ALP (144-170 IU/L), ALT (10.0-14.8 IU/L), AST (42.8-53.4 IU/L), GGT (7.8- 10.6 IU/L), LDH (99-135 IU/L), CHE (151-185 IU/L), CPK (365-500 IU/L), bleeding time (289- 393s), coagulation time (452-696s), prothrombin time (76-128s), urinary density (1.0061- 1.0089), and urinary pH (6,38-6.96), were obtained. Some intervals were similar to those obtained in amphibians, birds or mammals, but others were very different. Physiological variations attributable to age, sex, season, and handling and feeding system, were registered on certain parameters. The usefulness of the parameters studied to evaluate sanitary, metabolic and nutritional state on captive bullfrog should be emphasized.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Acetate intolerance is mediated by enhanced synthesis of nitric oxide by endothelial cells.

The clinical picture of acetate intolerance strictly mimics the nitric oxide (NO) effect, including smooth muscle relaxation and extreme vasodilation. Because acetate induces production of cAMP, which is a powerful stimulus of NO synthase (NOS), we evaluated the effect of different dialysate solutions with and without acetate on NOS activity in endothelial cells (EC). NOS activity of EC, evaluated as H3-citrulline produced from H3-arginine, was modulated by the dialysate composition (e.g., 38 mmol/L acetate produced an increase of 3.2 +/- 0.39-fold compared with basal values (P < 0.0005), and the small amount of acetate (4 mmol/L) in 35 mmol/L bicarbonate solution increased the NOS activity by 2 +/- 0.49-fold (P < 0.05). Conversely, the acetate-free solution produced no effect on NOS activity. The mRNA encoding for inducible NOS was highly expressed in EC incubated with acetate buffer and also with acetate in bicarbonate dialysis buffer. The EC proliferative index was depressed by acetate (P < 0.0005), and tumor necrosis factor synthesis was increased (P < 0.0005) compared with acetate-free buffer. This study suggests that dialytic "acetate intolerance" can be induced by the activation, through cAMP and tumor necrosis factor release, of NOS. The small amount of acetate in bicarbonate dialysate, although capable of inducing in vitro NOS activation, is likely to be rapidly metabolized, whereas the large amounts of this anion in acetate fluids overwhelm metabolism by the liver. Acetate-free dialysate is the only solution that provides an acceptable level of biocompatibility both in vivo and in vitro

The Paths to Choreography Extraction

Choreographies are global descriptions of interactions among concurrent components, most notably used in the settings of verification (e.g., Multiparty Session Types) and synthesis of correct-by-construction software (Choreographic Programming). They require a top-down approach: programmers first write choreographies, and then use them to verify or synthesize their programs. However, most existing software does not come with choreographies yet, which prevents their application. To attack this problem, we propose a novel methodology (called choreography extraction) that, given a set of programs or protocol specifications, automatically constructs a choreography that describes their behavior. The key to our extraction is identifying a set of paths in a graph that represents the symbolic execution of the programs of interest. Our method improves on previous work in several directions: we can now deal with programs that are equipped with a state and internal computation capabilities; time complexity is dramatically better; we capture programs that are correct but not necessarily synchronizable, i.e., they work because they exploit asynchronous communication

Physiological changes in serum glucidic and nitrogenic analytes from captive Argentine authoctonous caimans

The purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals for serum glucidic and nitrogenic analytes from captive northeastern Argentinean caimans, as well as to detect physiological variations related to species, sex, age, feeding and season. Serum samples from 223 healthy sub–adults specimens of Caiman latirostris (n = 109) and Caiman yacare (n = 114), 50% each sex, were obtained. Values for glucose (4.18 ± 0.82 versus 4.01 ± 0.66 mmol/l), fructosamine (179 ± 33 versus 162 ± 29 umol/l), urea (1.11 ± 0.25 versus 1.06 ± 0.22 mmol/l), creatinine (56.1 ± 12.4 versus 52.5 ± 10.6 umol/l), and uric acid (127 ± 23 versus 156 ± 26 umol/l), were obtained by spectrophotometric methods for C. latirostris and C. yacare, respectively. Uric acid was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) in C. latirostris. Glucose and urea were higher in females from both species. Progress of age (increment of liveweight and dimensions) correlated with increases of all biochemical parameters, significantly for glucose. Values were lower in winter, except for uric acid. The feeding system used in a hatchery resulted in glucose, urea and creatinine values higher than those registered in zoo specimens. Data obtained are applicable for caiman nutritional control, as well as for the diagnosis and prevention of diseases