Estimation of Premorbid Intelligence: A Combined Demographic and Psychometric Approach.

A combined demographic and present abilities approach to estimate premorbid intellectual functioning was developed and cross validated on unimpaired and closed head injured subjects. The non-clinical sample included 75 non-neurologically impaired individuals divided into two groups. The development sample (n = 50) was used to generate linear regression equations to estimate WAIS-R IQs from the estimated Barona IQ score (Barona, Reynolds, & Chastain, 1984) plus error score on the National Adult Reading Test (NART; Nelson, 1982). The cross-validation sample (n = 25) were individually matched to the clinical subjects on age, education, gender, and race variables. The clinical sample included 25 severe closed head injured (CHI) patients within one year post injury. First, NART performance was shown to be a valid present abilities measure for the estimation of premorbid intelligence. NART performance was shown to be stable in patients with severe head injury. Correlations between obtained WAIS-R IQs and estimated NART IQs (Ryan & Paolo, 1992) were.84,.82, and.75 for FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ, respectively. Mean NART error scores and estimated NART IQs were the same for CHI patients and matched controls, while mean obtained WAIS-R IQs were significantly lower for the CHI group. The discrepancy between obtained WAIS-R IQs and estimated NART IQs was significantly larger for CHI subjects than for matched normal controls. Next, regression equations to estimate WAIS-R IQs were developed by combining a stable measure of performance (NART error score) with the Barona et al. (1984) demographic estimation of WAIS-R IQs. The variance accounted for by the combined NART-Barona regression equations was 74.39% for FSIQ, 75.90% for VIQ, and 57.19% for PIQ. Standard errors of estimate were 8.56, 8.39, and 10.34 for FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ, respectively. For the normal cross-validation sample, the correlations between obtained WAIS-R IQs and the NART-Barona estimated IQs ranged from.76 to.87. Estimated NART-Barona IQs were similar for CHI patients and matched controls. The discrepancy between estimated IQs and obtained WAIS-R IQs was significantly less for the combined NART-Barona method than for the Barona et al. (1984) estimation equations

The role of languages in organization internationalisation

It has been suggested that British firms may be losing out on valuable export sales because of their lack of language skills. The information presented in the article provides an insight into the role of language training and its relationship to export growth. The authors conclude that an external presence of UK firms is likely to depend to a great extent on strategic planning for language training

Sandra Merkey and Carole Ann Cook in a Joint Senior Composition Recital

This is the program of the joint senior composition recital of Sandra Merkey and Carole Ann Cook. Several assisted in the performance, including the OBU Handbell Choir directed by Russell Hodges, pianist Shaun Walvoord, mezzo-soprano Beth Spencer and accompanist Faron Wilson, trumpet player Jim Lloyd and pianist Russell Hodges, alto Carol Thompson and accompanist Philip Ingalls, the OBU Band directed by Craig Hamilton. This recital took place on April 19, 1988, in the Mabee Fine Arts Center Recital Hall

Ferrous fumarate fortification of a chocolate drink powder

An evaluation was made into the usefulness of ferrous fumarate as an iron fortificant for an experimental chocolate drink powder targetted to children and adolescents. Organoleptically ferrous fumarate was acceptable when the chocolate drink powder was reconstituted in milk or water that was heated to < 80°. Unacceptable colour changes occurred, however, when boiling milk or water were used. In human Fe absorption studies when the Fe compounds were added to the chocolate drink immediately before consumption, ferrous fumarate was 3.31 % absorbed compared with 2.82% for ferrous sulphate and 2.11 % for ferric pyrophosphate. When the Fe compounds were processed during the manufacture of the chocolate drink powder, the absorption of ferrous fumarate was 5.27 %, ferrous sulphate 2.62 % and ferric pyrophosphate 0.55 %. Ascorbic acid had little or no effect on the absorption of ferrous fumarate. It is concluded that food processing can influence the relative absorption of fortification Fe and that, if not reconstituted with boiling milk or water, ferrous fumarate could be a useful compound for the fortification of chocolate drink powder

Correlates of intimate partner violence among adolescents in East Africa: a multi-country analysis

Introduction:&nbsp;intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global concern not only among adults but also adolescents. It has been reported that 35% of adolescent women have ever experienced IPV - occuring more so in non-industrialized countries. This study sought to understand the correlates associated with experiencing IPV among adolescent women between the ages 15 and 24 in five East African countries: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. Methods:&nbsp;this was a secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data on adolescent women aged 15-24 years in five East African countries. IPV was measured as a composite variable of emotional, physical, and sexual violence. Other sociodemographic, income, maternal, sexual, knowledge, behavioral, and partner-related variables were included in the analysis. Results:&nbsp;the prevalence of ever experiencing IPV was 45.1% (n=2380). A higher proportion of women who reported experiencing IPV had their first sexual encounter when they were less than 18 years of age (p&lt;0.001). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of experiencing IPV increased almost two times for women who were aged 18-24 years (aOR: 1.7; CI: 1.3-2.3), almost four times (aOR 3.8; CI: 1.7-8.3) for those who had two or more children, and two-fold for women who had ever terminated a pregnancy compared to those who had not (aOR 2.2; CI: 1.0-4.9). Additionally, there was a higher odds (aOR: 1.5 (1.0-2.3)) of experiencing IPV if the respondent believed their husband/spouse´s abuse was justified. Conclusion:&nbsp;raising early awareness and educating both the young males and females appropriately to mitigate contributing factors to IPV could ensure stable, healthy relationships free of domestic violence in the future

P4‐617: Working Memory Maintenance Accuracy In Elderly Adults With Extraordinary Episodic Memory

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152719/1/alzjjalz201908165.pd