Establecimiento de criterios técnicos para el mejoramiento y expansión de una plantación de mandarina (Citrus nobilis) en la finca el Brasil, municipio de San Calixto – Norte de Santander.

En Norte de Santander, los municipios de San Calixto y Teorama, están siendo pioneros en el desarrollo de la fruticultura con énfasis en cítricos, esto gracias a los programas de sustitución de cultivos apoyados por el Gobierno Nacional para la zona del Catatumbo de la cual hacen parte estos municipios. Teniendo en cuenta estos referentes el presente trabajo busca, recopilar información acerca de las características y manejo que los agricultores de la finca El Brasil dan al cultivo de la mandarina (Citrus nobilis), ya que en la actualidad el soporte tecnológico que respalda el desarrollo de esta actividad productiva en la zona de estudio es ineficiente, con lo cual se pone en riesgo el éxito de los procesos que empiezan a plantearse para su fomento. Este trabajo de investigación servirá para ajustar los protocolos de manejo agropecuario del cultivo y establecer aspectos técnicos y tecnológicos, que le brinden al productor de mandarina (Citrus nobilis) de la Finca El Brasil, elementos de juicio para tomar decisiones, en cada fase del proceso de producción y lograr obtener un fruto con las mejores condiciones técnicas. Palabras Claves: Citricultura, Mandarina (Citrus nobilis), Cultivo, Producción.Abstract En Norte de Santander, the municipalities of San Calixto and Teorama, are being pioneers in the development of fruit growing with emphasis on citrus, this thanks to the programs of crop substitution supported by the National Government for the Catatumbo area of which they make part these municipalities. Taking into account these referents, this work seeks to gather information about the characteristics and management that the farmers of the El Brasil farm give to the cultivation of mandarin (Citrus nobilis), since at present the technological support that supports the development of This productive activity in the study area is inefficient, which puts at risk the success of the processes that are beginning to be considered for its promotion. This research work will serve to adjust the agricultural management protocols of the crop and establish technical and technological aspects that will provide the mandarin producer (Citrus nobilis) of the Finca El Brasil, elements of judgment to make decisions, in each phase of the process production and achieve a fruit with the best technical conditions. Key Words: Citriculture, Mandarin (Citrus nobilis), Cultivation, Production

Vertical distribution of the macroinfauna associated to bivalves in a sedimentary intertidal flat of southern Chile

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloLa estructura comunitaria de la macroinfauna que habita en planicies intermareales, así como su distribución en la columna de sedimento, puede ser influida por una combinación de factores físicos y biológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar y comparar la distribución vertical y estructura comunitaria de la macroinfauna asociada a sedimentos con navajuelas (Tagelus dombeii) en la planicie intermareal de Pelluco, sur de Chile, durante febrero y septiembre de 2004. Se recolectaron muestras de sedimento y macroinfauna en sitios con y sin bivalvos, con un cilindro plástico dividido en 5 partes iguales. Durante ambos meses de muestreo, el número de especies, abundancia y biomasa total de la macroinfauna alcanzó, en casi todas las láminas sedimentarias, valores más altos en el sitio con T. dombeii. En ambos meses de muestreo, la composición faunística fue significativamente distinta entre sitios con y sin T. dombeii. Además, la similitud en la composición faunística entre láminas sedimentarias fue mayor en el sitio con T. dombeii durante ambos meses de muestreo. Estos resultados sugieren que el proceso de bioperturbación de T. dombeii afecta la distribución vertical de la fauna asociada y que este efecto no sería dependiente de la época del año.The community structure of the macroinfauna inhabiting intertidal flats, as well as its distribution inside the sediment column, can be influenced by a combination of physical and biological factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vertical distribution and the community structure of the macroinfauna associated to sediments containing razor clams (Tagelus dombeii), during February and September, 2004 on the intertidal flat of Pelluco, Southern Chile. Sediment and macroinfauna samples were collected from sites with and without bivalves, using plastic cylinders divided into 5 equal parts. During both sampling months, the total number of species and the total abundance and biomass of the macroinfauna reached, in almost all sedimentary layers, higher values in the site with T. dombeii. In both sampling months, the faunistic composition was significantly different between sites with and without T. dombeii. In addition, the similarity in the faunistic composition between sedimentary layers was higher in the site with T. dombeii. The results of this study suggest that the bioturbation process of T. dombeii affects the vertical distribution of the associated macroinfauna and that this effect would not be dependent on the time year.http://ref.scielo.org/qqr38

Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica: An Update

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) uses light interference patterns to produce a cross-sectional image of the retina. It is capable of measuring the unmyelinated axons of the retinal ganglionar cells as they converge on the optic disc. In a disease like multiple sclerosis (MS), in which axonal loss has been identified as an important cause of sustained disability, it may prove an invaluable tool. OCT has demonstrated that axonal loss occurs after each episode of optic neuritis and that the degree of axonal loss is correlated to visual outcomes. Furthermore, axonal loss occurs in MS even in the absence of inflammatory episodes, and the degree of this loss is correlated with the duration of the disease process, with more thinning as the disease advances and in progressive forms. Thus, OCT retinal nerve fiber layer measurements may represent an objective outcome measure with which to evaluate the effect of treatment

Intervención organizacional en una organización de seguridad pública estatal: aprendizajes y desafíos desde la academia

Este trabajo reporta el diagnóstico organizacional (DO) de una Academia Estatal de Seguridad Pública del centro-norte de la República Mexicana como parte de un proyecto de intervención organizacional (IO) en el marco temporal de la transición que se da con la alternancia de dos partidos diferentes en el gobierno estatal. El objetivo principal es ponderar la pertinencia de la IO para impulsar el cambio en las organizaciones gubernamentales. Los datos recabados durante el diagnóstico aquí reportado constituyen evidencias de ponderación positiva, sobre todo a la luz del énfasis que Jacobson, Butterill y Goering (2005) hacen en su modelo sobre el aprendizaje en la IO. Se concluye que, aun con las limitantes de implementación de la IO, ésta y el DO son de gran utilidad para promover el cambio en este tipo de organizaciones, especialmente, en períodos de alternancia partidista en el gobierno

Dietary patterns in Mexican preschool children are associated with stunting and overweight

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight among Mexican preschoolers. METHODS This study was conducted with anthropometric (weight, height/length), sociodemographic (age, gender, education level of household head, socioeconomic status, country region and area, ethnicity, and beneficiary of social programs), and dietary data (Semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire) on children aged from 1 to 4 years collected from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey-2012. Dietary patterns were derived by principal components analysis. The association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight was assessed by prevalence ratios (PR), estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS In total, 1,112 preschoolers (mean age 3.06 years, SD = 1.08 years; 48.8% females) were included in the study; 11.9% of whom presented stunting, and 6.7% overweight. We identified four dietary patterns: Fruits and Vegetables [F&V], Western [W], Traditional [T], and Milk and Liquids [M&L]. Considering the lowest tertile of each dietary pattern as reference, the prevalence of stunting was 2.04 times higher [95%CI: 1.17–3.56] among children in the highest tertile of the “F&V” pattern. The prevalence of stunting was lower among children in the highest tertile of the “W” pattern [PR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.27–0.85]. Overweight was negatively associated with the “F&V” dietary pattern [PR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.16–0.85 for its highest tertile], and children whose consumption was mostly equivalent to the “T” pattern showed higher prevalence of stunting [PR = 1.74; 95%CI: 1.01–3.00]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of stunting and overweight in a nationwide sample of Mexican preschoolers was associated with dietary patterns

Frecuencia de infecciones vaginales en mujeres embarazadas de 15 a 25 años que reciben consejeria de Promoción de la salud en Unidad de Salud Santa Rosa de San Sebastian Salitrillo en el período de marzo a agosto del año 2019

La prevalencia de infecciones vaginales es más alta que las de otras enfermedades infecciosas durante el embarazo; En la actualidad y de acuerdo a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), las infecciones vaginales se encuentran implicadas en alteraciones durante el embarazo como parto pre termino, bajo peso al nacer, corioamnionitis, ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM), endometritis post parto, entre otra

Methodological improvements in the final project of Civil Engineering Degree

The final project of an engineering degree represents a test of maturity where students must crossexamine all the contents studied in the degree which adds technical difficulties. Traditionally the students are supervised by only one teacher and they usually also take a previous course in the writing of the project. Currently, the program of the Civil Engineering Degree contemplates this activity in the last semester with an allocation of 18 credits. The hardest difficulty noted by students and teachers is the short time estimated for writing it. A teaching innovation project is presented herein which aims to define a working protocol in order to help the student in a more efficient and close way during the development of the task. Among the methodological changes introduced, it should be highlighted the tutoring by professors from different areas of knowledge instead of only one professor as it was traditionally done. Thus, coordination mechanisms must be implemented to guarantee the achievement of the proposed objectives. The innovation project also helps to identify tasks that can be advanced in time and gain time for the effective drafting of the project. Some other solutions found will be presented as well as a comparison of the results obtained along this year with those of the former methodology

Pottery grave goods from funerary contexts at the argaric site of Peñalosa (Jaén). A methodological approach

The need for interdisciplinary studies is the basis of ambitious research (ARCHEM Project) that is carried out in the argaric settlement of Peñalosa (Baños de la Encina, Jaén), combining organic residues analysis and techno-typological studies of pottery found in funerary contexts. Manufacture and use of pottery could inform us about customs and traditions that remain hidden in time and in the archaeological record. Knowing the implications and decisions of potters as well as the functionality of those vessels deposited inside the graves can approach the idiosyncrasy of a society in the Bronze Age in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The methodology used to identify patterns of functionality is highlighted by the combination of cutting-edge analysis techniques in both fields such as the application of different chromatographic techniques (GC-MS, UPLC-HRMS and GC-CIRMS) that allow to identify the organic compounds in the ceramics and the application of analytical techniques from Earth Sciences (Stereomicroscopic, X-Ray Diffraction and Petrography), which allow us to characterize ceramic pastes and knowing the catchment of raw materials. This study highlights the Peñalosa site as a melting pot of new research and it brings us closer with the use of a complex methodology combined to the societies 4000 years ago.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness HAR2015-66009-PJunta de Andalucía HUM 274 FQM 338Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and CompetitivinessUniversity of Granad

Understanding and use of food labeling systems among Whites and Latinos in the United States and among Mexicans: Results from the International Food Policy Study, 2017

Background: Obesity and chronic diseases could be prevented through improved diet. Most governments require at least one type of food labeling system on packaged foods to communicate nutrition information and promote healthy eating. This study evaluated adult consumer understanding and use of nutrition labeling systems in the US and Mexico, the most obese countries in the world

The impact of a cartoon character on adults perceptions of Children's breakfast cereals: a randomized experiment

Background Cartoon characters on processed food packaging increase the perception of product preference among children, but their effect among adults has rarely been examined. We evaluated the effect of a cartoon character on breakfast cereals on beliefs about buying them for children, as well as whether demographic characteristics modified this effect. Methods An experimental study was conducted with adults from online consumer panels in Mexico (n = 3755). Participants were randomly assigned to a “cartoon” condition (n = 1789), in which they viewed a breakfast cereal box with a Minion character on the front of the package, or the “control” condition (n = 1966), in which the same cereal box was displayed with no character on the package. Participants were asked: “Is this a good cereal to buy children?” with the response options “Yes”, “No”, or “Don’t know”. Multinomial adjusted logistic models regressed responses to this question (Yes = 0, No = 1, 2 = Don’t know) on experimental condition. Differences in the effect of the cartoon character across demographic characteristics were tested by introducing multiplicative interaction terms. Results The adjusted model showed that participants in the “cartoon character” condition were 1.67 (1.45–1.94) times more likely to consider the cereal as being “Not good to buy for children” than those in the control condition (p < 0.001). This effect was smaller among parents (RRR = 1.39, 1.13–1.72) compared to those without children (RRR = 2.01, 1.63–2.47). No differences were observed in the proportion of participants answering “Don’t know” across experimental groups. Conclusion Among this sample of Mexican adults, a cereal with a cartoon character on the packaging was more often perceived as “not good to buy for children” compared to a cereal without it. This effect was smaller among parents, potentially due to children influences of parental decisions during food purchasing.Funding for this project was provided by a Population Health Intervention Research operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [CIHR) and the Public Health Agency of Canada. Additional funding for this project has been provided by a PHAC – CIHR Chair in Applied Public Health [DH). Bloomberg Philanthropies (Grant #43003) supported ACM's time writing the paper. The funding agencies did not play any role in the design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript