Efecto del premarchitamiento y de diferentes proporciones de urea sobre la composición bromotológica del ensilado de avena (Avena Sativa L.)

This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of pre-wilting and different amounts of urea on the chemical composition of oat (Avena sativa L.) silage. A completely randomized design with four replications in 2 x 3 factorial design was used, with factors containing state of the original moisture silage (silage immediately after cutting) or wilted (with a period of dehydration in the field of 8h) and 0, 1 and 1.5% of urea based on the natural material. Significant interaction was verified status and urea silage built for media content crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose and pH. It was observed that the average PC content of forage ensiled without wilting increased with increasing doses of urea and a significant reduction in NDF and the values ranged from 8.95 to 17.74% CP, and 49.23 to 44.44% NDF. The decline occurred for NDF and hemicellulose wilted silage with 1% urea. Ratio values hemicellulose- FND in the cell wall at all silages were similar, except for forage wilted silage showed tendency to increase when treated with 1.5%. No consistency was checked as to the pH values in silage not wither with increasing levels of urea. Under the conditions of this study, it may recommend the addition of 1.5% urea to oats without wither the time of ensiling, and 1% urea in oats blighted by promoting significant reduction in the contents of NDF, ADF and hemicellulose.El presente estudio fue conducido con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del premarchitamiento y de diferentes cantidades de adición de urea sobre la composición bromatológica del ensilado de avena (Avena sativa L.). Se utilizó el diseño experimental completamente al azar, con 4 repeticiones, en esquema factorial 2 x 3, siendo los factores el estado de los ensilados conteniendo humedad original (ensilaje inmediatamente después del corte) o marchitado (con un periodo de deshidratación en el campo de 8h) y 0, 1 y 1.5% de urea sobre el forraje fresco. Se obtuvo interacción significativa entre el estado del ensilado y el nivel de urea incorporada para proteína bruta (PB), fibra neutro detergente (FND), fibra ácido detergente (FAD), hemicelulosa y pH. Se observó que la PB de los ensilados a partir de forraje sin marchitar aumentó con dosis crecientes de urea y se redujo el contenido en FND; los valores variaron de 8.95 a 17.74% de PB, y de 49.23 a 44.44% de FND. La disminución de FND y hemicelulosa ocurrió para el ensilado marchitado con el 1% de urea. Los valores de la proporción hemicelulosa-FND en la pared celular en todos los ensilados fueron semejantes, a excepción de los ensilados con forraje marchitado que mostraron tendencia de aumento al ser tratado con 1.5% de urea. No se verificó consistencia cuanto a los valores de pH en el ensilado sin marchitar con niveles crecientes de urea. En las condiciones del presente trabajo, se puede recomendar la adición de 1.5% de urea a la avena sin marchitar al momento del ensilaje, y 1% de urea en la avena marchitada por promover reducción significativa en los contenidos de FND, FAD y hemicelulosa

Guidance and support of women in engineering programs at Universidad Tecnologica de Bolivar

Gender equality is one of the sustainable development goals. In STEM areas, it is a requirement to expand and improve women's careers. To increase the participation of women in STEM it is not enough to attract more young women to these programs. It is necessary to provide orientation during the academic programs and ensure safe and rewarding environments so that women can succeed in their studies. The Faculty of Engineering of Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar has gender gaps in most of its programs and several strategies are being implemented to overcome this situation. This paper analyzes five factors to guide and support women in engineering programs: academic success, protection of women, scholarships and financial assistance, international mobility, and leadership. We present several activities and strategies developed in the last three years in these five factors. The impacts of these strategies cannot be evaluated yet, but we expect that they can improve the well-being of women in engineering and contribute to the reduction of the gender gaps. © 2023 IEEE

Producción de forraje verde hidropónico de cebada (Hordeum vulgare) usando efluente de piscigranja de truchas

The objective was to determine the effect of trout farm effluent on the production of green hydroponic forage of barley (GHF). The activities were: oxidation of ammonia (N-NH4+) in the trout farm effluent to nitrate of nitrogen (N-NO3-) in a biofilter (nitrification), and the use of this effluent in the production of GHF. Design was completely randomized with three treatments: 100% of water from water supply channel (T0), 50% of water from biofilter effluent, plus 50% of water from water supply channel (T1), and 100% of water from biofilter effluent (T2); with 10 replications. Variables assessed were: development time of biofilter; NNO3- content in fully developed biofilter; percentage of protein and plant height on 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th day production; and biomass production of GHF on 16th day. By the end of the 90th day, the biofilter installed to generate N-NO3- was developed at a medium pH of 8.23 and at a medium temperature of 14.9°C. N-NO3- content (mg/L) in biofilter effluent was 2.2 while trout farm effluent was 1.2. No significant difference was found in protein percentage of GHF (P<0.05). However, there was a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on plant height the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th days, and biomass production on the 16th day. For both variables, treatment T2 was placed in the A range, treatment T1 in B range and treatment T0 in C range.El objetivo fue determinar el efecto del efluente de pozas de trucha sobre la producción de forraje verde hidropónico de cebada (FVH). Las actividades fueron: La oxidación del amoniaco (N-NH4+) – en el efluente de las pozas de trucha – hasta nitrato (N-NO3-) en un biofiltro (nitrificación) y el uso del efluente en la producción de FVH. Se utilizó el diseño completamente al azar con tres tratamientos: 100% de agua del canal de abastecimiento (T0), 50% de efluente del biofiltro más 50% de agua del canal de abastecimiento (T1) y 100% de efluente del biofiltro (T2); con 10 repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas fueron: tiempo de desarrollo del biofiltro, contenido de N-NO3- en el biofiltro completamente desarrollado, porcentaje de proteína y altura de planta los días 4, 8, 12 y 16 de producción; y producción de biomasa del FVH el día 16. El biofiltro instalado para la generación de N-NO3- se desarrolló a los 90 días, a un pH medio de 8.23 y una temperatura media de 14.9 °C. El contenido de NNO3-(mg/L) en el efluente del biofiltro fue de 2.2 y en el de las pozas de trucha, 1.2. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P<0.05) en porcentaje de proteína del FVH, pero se observó un efecto altamente significativo (P<0.01) en la altura de planta los días 4, 8, 12 y 16, asimismo en la producción de biomasa del día 16. Para ambas variables el tratamiento T2 se ubicó en el rango A, el tratamiento T1 en el rango B y el tratamiento T0 en el rango C

How to make it faster and at lower cost? B2B integration with semantic web services

Web services and service oriented architectures present a new approach to application integration. While it is reasonable inside an enterprise, it has certain deficiencies when applied in a B2B environment. This deficiencies apply to the discovery, invocation and composition phases, which require considerable manual effort. In the paper, we show on example of a mortgage simulator how these deficiencies can be overcome by applying-semantic web services. The application is compatible with the Web Services Modelling Ontology and makes use of an execution environment automating the processes of discovery, composition and invocation of semantic web services, enabling faster and cheaper B2B application integration

Photovoltaics Value Analysis

The goals of this report are to identify best practices in methodologies for estimating the value of distributed PV technologies, identify gaps in existing knowledge, and outline R&D opportunities

Effect of sulphur levels in the production, chemical composition and digestibility of hydroponic green fodder barley (Hordeum vulgare L)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de los niveles de azufre como aditivo en la producción, composición química bromatológica y digestibilidad del forraje verde hidropónico de la cebada. Se emplearon cuatro niveles de azufre: 0, 20, 30 y 40 ppm, y la cosecha se realizó a los 18 días. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones. La producción de biomasa (PB) y altura de tallo (AT) fue de 34.9±0.5 kg¬¬¬¬/m2 y 14.61±1.38 cm, respectivamente, con una respuesta lineal para PB de Y=5.33+0.67X y para AT de Y=10.10+1.80X. El nivel 0 ppm de S presentó mayores contenidos de proteína cruda (PC) y extracto libre de nitrógeno (ELN): 12.95±4.21% y 55.19±3.95%, respectivamente; el nivel 30 ppm de S presentó mayores contenidos de fibra cruda (FC) y fibra detergente neutro (FDN): 23.61±3.65% y 65.95±4.15%, respectivamente; y el nivel de 40 ppm presentó mayores contenidos de extracto etéreo (EE) y ceniza (C): 3.88±3.15%, y 4.61±2.98%, respectivamente. Los valores de la digestibilidad aparente de FC y EE fueron significativamente influenciados por los niveles de azufre.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sulfur levels as additive in the production, chemical composition and digestibility of hydroponic green fodder barley. Four levels of S were used: 0, 20, 30 and 40 ppm and harvest was done at 18 days. A completely random design was used with five repetitions. Biomass production (PB) and the height of stem (AT) were 34.9±0.5 kg/m2 and 14.61±1.38 cm, respectively, having a lineal response for PB (Y=5.33+0.67X) and AT (Y=10.10+1.80X). The 0 S level showed higher crude protein (CP) content and nitrogen-free extract: 12.95±4.21% and 55.19±3.95% respectively; the 30 ppm level showed higher content of crude fibre (CF) to the raw fiber and neutral detergent fiber (NDF): 23.61±3.65% and 65.95±4.15% respectively; and the 40 ppm level showed higher content of ether extract (EE) and ash: 3.88±3.15% and 4.61±2.98%, respectively. The apparent digestibility of CF and EE were significantly affected by sulfur levels

Prospects for Observations of Pulsars and Pulsar Wind Nebulae with CTA

The last few years have seen a revolution in very-high gamma-ray astronomy (VHE; E>100 GeV) driven largely by a new generation of Cherenkov telescopes (namely the H.E.S.S. telescope array, the MAGIC and MAGIC-II large telescopes and the VERITAS telescope array). The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project foresees a factor of 5 to 10 improvement in sensitivity above 0.1 TeV, extending the accessible energy range to higher energies up to 100 TeV, in the Galactic cut-off regime, and down to a few tens GeV, covering the VHE photon spectrum with good energy and angular resolution. As a result of the fast development of the VHE field, the number of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) detected has increased from one PWN in the early '90s to more than two dozen firm candidates today. Also, the low energy threshold achieved and good sensitivity at TeV energies has resulted in the detection of pulsed emission from the Crab Pulsar (or its close environment) opening new and exiting expectations about the pulsed spectra of the high energy pulsars powering PWNe. Here we discuss the physics goals we aim to achieve with CTA on pulsar and PWNe physics evaluating the response of the instrument for different configurations.Comment: accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic

Neural model of dopaminergic control of arm movements in Parkinson’s disease bradykinesia

Patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease display a number of symptoms such a resting tremor, bradykinesia, etc. Bradykinesia is the hallmark and most disabling symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Herein, a basal ganglia-cortico-spinal circuit for the control of voluntary arm movements in PD bradykinesia is extended by incorporating DAergic innervation of cells in the cortical and spinal components of the circuit. The resultant model simulates successfully several of the main reported effects of DA depletion on neuronal, electromyographic and movement parameters of PD bradykinesia