Bioatividade de óleos essenciais de espécies de eucalipto para o controle de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a ação tóxica e fagoinibidora de óleos essenciais de Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus urograndis e E. urophylla para o controle de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho em ensaios de laboratório e semi-campo. Após a coleta, o material botânico fresco foi processado por turbólise na proporção de 200g de matéria fresca para 1 L de água, e depois submetida à extração de óleo essencial em extrator Clevenger por 3 h. Os óleos essenciais obtidos foram avaliados em relação à referida praga quanto à sua ação tópica, fagoinibição sem chance de escolha, fagoinibição com chance de escolha e dano causado em plantas de milho pulverizadas. Constatou-se que os óleos essenciais testados apresentaram toxicidade tópica, sendo o de C. citriodora mais eficiente por ocasionar maior taxa de mortalidade. Verificou-se que os 3 óleos essenciais apresentaram atividade antialimentar em relação à testemunha. A aplicação dos óleos essenciais de C. citriodora e E. urograndis por pulverização mostraram-se promissoras para a proteção do cultivo

Atividade insetistática do óleo essencial de Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq. sobre Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae).

Os óleos essenciais podem afetar negativamente o crescimento, desenvolvimento e reprodução de vários insetos de produtos armazenados. Dessa forma, o objetivo neste trabalho foi detectar o efeito insetistático do óleo essencial de Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq. para o controle de Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Os testes para determinação da Concentração Letal (CL), teste de repelência e fumigação foram realizados. Os valores da CL50, obtidos para 24 horas e 48 horas, foram 0,21 e 0,12 μL/cm2, respectivamente. O óleo essencial foi mais eficaz nas 48 horas de avaliação do teste de toxicidade por contato. Houve efeito repelente sobre os insetos na CL5 (0,02μL/cm2), tanto na avaliação após uma hora, quanto na avaliação após 24 horas. Não houve efeito repelente na CL10 (0,03μL/cm2) e não foi possível identificar a CL50 para o controle por fumigação (pressão de vapor), podendo estar acima de 1,6 μL/cm3. O óleo essencial de P. umbellata apresenta potencial para o controle da praga de grãos armazenados como o R. dominic

Resistant Hypertension in Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Disease

Resistant hypertension (RH) is defined as blood pressure (BP) that remains above the target of less than 140/90 mmHg in the general population and 130/80 mmHg in people with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease (CKD) in spite of the use of at least three full-dose antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic or as BP that reaches the target by means of four or more drugs. In CKD, RH is a common condition due to a combination of factors including sodium retention, increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system, and enhanced activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Before defining the hypertensive patient as resistant it is mandatory to exclude the so-called “pseudoresistance.” This condition, which refers to the apparent failure to reach BP target in spite of an appropriate antihypertensive treatment, is mainly caused by white coat hypertension that is prevalent (30%) in CKD patients. Recently we have demonstrated that “true” RH represents an independent risk factor for renal and cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients

Padrões municipais e regionais da receita pública no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, entre 2004 e 2014

Este artigo faz uma análise dos desequilíbrios fiscais na estrutura federativa brasileira, com ênfase nas receitas tributárias próprias e nas transferências intergovernamentais. Buscou-se mostrar que os chamados desequilíbrios horizontais (decorrentes da distribuição de receitas na esfera municipal, principalmente) são, hoje, tão ou mais importantes que os desequilíbrios verticais. Verifica-se, através da metodologia da análise de regressão, que o desempenho da receita dos municípios (variável dependente), segregado por faixas de população e regiões dos Conselhos Regionais de Desenvolvimento (Coredes) do RS, é determinado pelas variáveis população e Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) (variáveis independentes), promovendo uma concentração de renda nos municípios e nas regiões com maior população e PIB, ampliando as desigualdades regionais no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Palavras-chave: finanças públicas; desenvolvimento regional; CoredesTÍTULO EM INGLÊSMunicipal and regional patterns of public revenue in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in the period 2004-14  Abstract This article is an analysis of fiscal imbalance in the Brazilian federative structure, with emphasis on its own tax revenues and intergovernmental transfers. The authors aim to show that the so-called horizontal imbalances (resulting particularly from the distribution of revenues at the municipal level) are now as important as or even more important than the vertical imbalances. Based on a regression analysis method, the authors concluded that the revenue of the municipalities (dependent variable), divided into population groups and regions of the Regional Councils of Development (Coredes) of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, is determined by the variables population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (independent variables), which promote a concentration of income in the municipalities and regions with the largest population and GDP, increasing regional disparities in the state. Keywords: public finances; regional development; CoredesClassificação JEL: H20; H70; R50Artigo recebido em 08 out. 201

Forskolin sensitizes human acute myeloid leukemia cells to H3K27me2/3 demethylases GSKJ4 inhibitor via Protein Kinase A

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy occurring very often in older adults, with poor prognosis depending on both rapid disease progression and drug resistance occurrence. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are demanded. Epigenetic marks play a relevant role in AML. GSKJ4 is a novel inhibitor of the histone demethylases JMJD3 and UTX. To note GSKJ4 has been recently shown to act as a potent small molecule inhibitor of the proliferation in many cancer cell types. On the other hand, forskolin, a natural cAMP raising compound, used for a long time in traditional medicine and considered safe also in recent studies, is emerging as a very interesting molecule for possible use in cancer therapy. Here, we investigate the effects of forskolin on the sensitivity of human leukemia U937 cells to GSKJ4 through flow cytometry-based assays (cell-cycle progression and cell death), cell number counting, and immunoblotting experiments. We provide evidence that forskolin markedly potentiates GSKJ4-induced antiproliferative effects by apoptotic cell death induction, accompanied by a dramatic BCL2 protein down-regulation as well as caspase 3 activation and PARP protein cleavage. Comparable effects are observed with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX and 8-Br-cAMP analogous, but not by using 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP Epac activator. Moreover, the forskolin-induced enhancement of sensitivity to GSKJ4 is counteracted by pre-treatment with Protein Kinase A (PKA) inhibitors. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that forskolin sensitizes U937 cells to GSKJ4 inhibitor via a cAMP/PKA-mediated mechanism. Our findings provide initial evidence of anticancer activity induced by forskolin/GSKJ4 combination in leukemia cells and underline the potential for use of forskolin and GSKJ4 in the development of innovative and effective therapeutic approaches for AML treatment

The KDM inhibitor GSKJ4 triggers CREB down-regulation via a protein kinase A and proteasome dependent mechanism in human acute myeloid leukemia cells

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a progressive hematopoietic-derived cancer arising from stepwise genetic mutations of the myeloid lineage. CREB is a nuclear transcription factor, which plays a key-role in the multistep process of leukemogenesis, thus emerging as an attractive potential drug target for AML treatment. Since epigenetic dysregulations, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications as well as chromatin remodelling, are a frequent occurrence in AML, an increasing and selective number of epi-drugs are emerging as encouraging therapeutic agents. Here, we demonstrate that the histone lysine demethylases (KDM) JMJD3/UTX inhibitor GSKJ4 results in both proliferation decrease and CREB protein down-regulation in AML cells. We found that GSKJ4 clearly decreases CREB protein, but not CREB mRNA levels. By cycloheximide assay we provide evidence that GSKJ4 reduces CREB protein stability; moreover, proteasome inhibition largely counteracts the GSKJ4-induced CREB down-regulation. Very interestingly, a rapid CREB phosphorylation at the Ser133 residue precedes CREB protein decrease in response to GSKJ4 treatment. In addition, PKA inhibition, but not ERK1/2 inhibition, almost completely prevents both GSKJ4-induced p-Ser133-CREB phosphorylation and CREB protein down-regulation. Overall, our study enforces the evidence regarding CREB as a potential druggable target, identifies the small epigenetic molecule GSKJ4 as an "inhibitor" of CREB, and encourages the design of future GSKJ4-based studies for the development of innovative approaches for AML therapy

Uji Efek Analgesik Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Pada Mencit Swiss (Muss Musculus)

Background:Indonesia is the country with the second largest plants after Brazil. One of the plants that grow in Indonesia is the mangosteen plant is utilized as a medicine by the people of Indonesia but also by people in some other countries. Mangosteen skin is most often used to treat diseases such as fever, diarrhea, hypertension, antioksidant, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, and many other diseases. This study aims to prove the presence or absence laboratorik analgesic effects of mangosteen peel extract in mice.Methods:This study uses a sample of nine experimental Swiss mice. The sample was divided into 3 groups, namely the positive control group given the drug tramadol, negative control group given distilled water control and experimental groups were given mangosteen peel extract, each group consisted of three mice. Testing is done by providing analgesic effects of pain stimuli using thermal stimuli (hot plate method) with a temperature of 550C. Given pain stimuli will cause the mice were protecting themselves by jumping response or lick the feet and tail. Testing efekan algesik done before giving the test substance and the reference solution, then at minute 30,60,90 and 120 minutes after administration of the test substance and the reference solution. Tests carried out for 1 minute.Results:mangosteen peel extract has analgesic effects are starting to look at minute 30 to minute 120 with the maximum effect seen at minute 90.Conclusion:mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana, L) has analgesic effect in Swiss mice (Mus musculus