9 research outputs found
Immunoassay Techniques Highlighting Biomarkers in Immunogenetic Diseases
Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases is crucial for the clinician and the patient alike. The immunoassay techniques most commonly used for this purpose are immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and Western blotting. For the detection of more specific biomarkers or the discovery of new ones for diagnostic purposes and as therapeutic targets, microarray techniques are increasingly used, for example, protein microarray, Luminex, and in recent years, surface plasmon resonance imaging. All of these technologies have undergone changes over time, making them easier to use. Similar technologies have been invented but responding to specific requirements for both diagnostic and research purposes. The goals are to study more analytes in the same sample, in a shorter time, and with increased accuracy. The reproducibility and reliability of the results are also a target pursued by manufacturers. In this chapter, we present these technologies and their utility in the diagnosis of immunogenetic diseases
Optical Properties of Some New Azo Photoisomerizable Bismaleimide Derivatives
Novel polythioetherimides bearing azobenzene moieties were synthesized from azobismaleimides and bis-2-mercaptoethylether. Kinetics of trans-cis photoisomerization and of thermal conversion of cis to trans isomeric forms were investigated in both polymer solution and poly(methyl methacrylate) doped films using electronic absorption spectroscopy. Thermal recovery kinetics is well described by a two-exponential relation both in solution and polymer matrix, while that of low molecular weight azobismaleimide fit a first-order equation. The photoinduced cis-trans isomerization by visible light of azobenzene chromophores was examined in solution and in polymer films. The rate of photoinduced recovery was very high for azobismaleimides
Novel Bio-Based Materials: From Castor Oil to Epoxy Resins for Engineering Applications
The paper presents the synthesis and thermal behavior of novel epoxy resins prepared from epoxidized castor oil in the presence of or without trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMP) crosslinked with 3-hexahydro-4-methylphtalic anhydride (MHHPA) and their comparison with a petroleum-based epoxy resin (MHHPA and TMP). Epoxidized castor oil (ECO) was obtained via in situ epoxidation of castor oil with peroxyacetic acid. The chemical structures of castor oil (CO), ECO, and epoxy matrix were confirmed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The morphological and thermal behavior of the resulting products have been investigated. Compared to petroleum-based resins, castor oil-based ones have a lower Tg. Anyway, the introduction of TMP increases the Tg of the resins containing ECO. The morphological behavior is not significantly influenced by using ECO or by adding TMP in the synthesis of resins. The dielectric properties of epoxy resins have been analyzed as a function of frequency (1 kHzâ1 MHz) and temperature (â50 to 200 °C). The water absorption test showed that as Tg increased, the percent mass of water ingress decreased
Synthesis and characterization of furfural-functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) cross-linked with maleimide bearing tributyltin groups
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Thermoreversible Polyurethane Network
A new polyurethane network was synthesized
by the DielsâAlder
cross-linking reaction of a polyurethane to bisfuryl monomer. Attenuated
total reflectance in conjunction with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(ATR-FTIR) spectra of the network showed the disappearance of the
absorption bands of maleimide and the appearance of new bands attributed
to furan-maleimide cycloadduct. Chemical shifts characteristic to
the cycloadduct appeared in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance
spectra. ATR-FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated
the thermal reversibility of the material by the reproduction of the
retro-DielsâAlder and DielsâAlder processes upon heating
and cooling. Global kinetic nonisothermal decomposition parameters
in nitrogen were determined by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. A three
successive stage thermal decomposition mechanism depicted by <i>n</i> order reaction model for each stage was proposed. The
validity of the chosen kinetic model and the values of the kinetic
parameters of the individual decomposition stages were determined
by the multivariate nonlinear regression method