An Analysis of Superintendent Turnover in Unitary School Divisions in the Province of Manitoba and its Relationship to Methods of Selection and Processes of Employment

Problem: This study was concerned with current methods of selection and processes of employment utilized by school boards in hiring a superintendent of schools. The primary purpose was to identify and analyze methods of selection and processes of employment as perceived by school board members and their respective superintendents. In conjunction with the analyses, the relationship between perceived methods of selection and processes was investigated. A secondary purpose was to examine the predictability of superintendent turnover from selected demographic and educational variables. Procedure: The population of the study was limited to 32 school divisions in the Province of Manitoba, as well as responses from 42 superintendents of schools. School board members having been involved in the selection of a superintendent, and superintendents, were requested to complete separate questionnaires designed for this study relating to methods of selection and processes of employment as utilized by school boards during the past six years. The statistical techniques utilized were analysis of variance by regression, stepwise and setwise backward analysis of regression, and chi-square analysis. The .05 level of significance was selected a priori for the determination of significance in the analysis. Conclusions: The following conclusions, as limited by the research population, were drawn from the major findings of the study: 1. Significant differences were found between superintendent turnover and board processes and procedures for the recruitment and selection of a superintendent of schools. 2. Significant differences existed between superintendent turnover and board processes and procedures on the basis of selected demographic and educational variables. 3. Significant differences occurred between the presence or absence of a specific board policy statement and its effects on selected board processes and procedures. 4. There were no significant differences found between the perception of school boards and superintendents relating to the major problems in schools prior to the appointment of the new superintendent. However, significant differences were found between school boards\u27 and superintendents\u27 views on the major problems at the present time. 5. Significant differences were found between the use or neglect of a definite plan and timetable and its effects on selected board processes and procedures. 6. Significant differences occurred between methods of selection and processes of employment as perceived by school boards and superintendents. 7. Major problems at the time the new superintendent was appointed was the single best predictor of all demographic variables tested for predicting superintendent turnover. 8. Teacher training in Manitoba was the single best predictor of all educational variables tested for predicting superintendent turnover. Recommendations: 1. The Manitoba Association of School Trustees should provide leadership for its members by conducting workshops for the purpose of orienting boards as to recommended policies and procedures to be used in the selection of a superintendent. 2. The Manitoba Association of School Trustees should provide its membership with a set of systematic and objective procedures patterned after professionally prepared guidelines to assist boards which are seeking a new superintendent. 3. The major professional educational organizations and/or institutions in the Province of Manitoba should all play a more active role through the recommendation of potential candidates to school boards searching for a new superintendent. 4. This study should be replicated and extended to cover a larger geographical base. This should be done to see if the findings of this study can be duplicated in provinces other than Manitoba

Ethnicity, Job Search and Labor Market Reintegration of the Unemployed

This paper is based on recently collected and rich survey data of a representative sample of entrants into unemployment in Germany. Our data include a large number of migration variables, allowing us to adapt a recently developed concept of ethnic identity: the ethnosizer. To shed further light on the native-migrant differences in economic outcomes, we investigate the labor market reintegration, patterns of job search, and reservation wages across unemployed migrants and natives in Germany. Our results indicate that separated migrants have a relatively slow reintegration into the labor market. We explain this finding by arguing that this group exerts a relatively low search effort and that it has reservation wages which are moderate, yet still above the level which would imply similar employment probabilities as other groups of migrants

Bacille Calmette-Guérin adenitis: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines

A linfadenite regional da BCG, designada por BCGite, é uma complicação esporádica da vacinação, sem gravidade na maior parte dos casos e que apenas em situações excepcionais pode orientar para uma imunodeficiência. Descrevemos seis casos de BCGite internados no nosso serviço (2005-7) para tratamento cirúrgico, com BCG administrada no período neonatal, cinco do sexo masculino e com mediana de idade na apresentação clínica de 5,5 meses. Três crianças apresentaram supuração espontânea, uma com envolvimento axilar e supraclavicular. Cinco necessitaram de drenagem por supuração ou persistência da adenopatia. A criança com envolvimento ganglionar múltiplo realizou antibacilares por suspeita de imunodeficiência primária. O estudo imunológico não revelou alterações em nenhum dos casos. O tempo médio de seguimento foi 15 meses. A abordagem terapêutica da linfadenite supurativa e a decisão de investigar uma imunodeficiência subjacente não é consensual. Na ausência de doença disseminada os autores defendem uma atitude expectante

Mapping awareness of breast and cervical cancer risk factors, symptoms and lay beliefs in Uganda and South Africa

Funder: Cancer Association of South AfricaFunder: University of Cape Town; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007112Funder: South African Medical Research Council; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001322Funder: National Department of Health; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009041Funder: UK Medical Research CouncilFunder: Newton Fund; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010897Background: Breast and cervical cancer are leading causes of cancer burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We measured breast and cervical cancer symptom and risk factor awareness and lay beliefs in Uganda and South Africa (SA). Methods: Between August and December 2018 we conducted a cross-sectional survey of women ≥18 years in one urban and one rural site per country. Households were selected using systematic random sampling, then one woman per household randomly selected to participate. Data were collected by interviewers using electronic tablets customised with the locally validated African Women Awareness of Cancer (AWACAN) tool. This has unprompted questions (testing recall) followed by prompted questions (testing recognition) on risk factor, symptom awareness and lay beliefs for breast and cervical cancer. Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to compare the association between socio-demographic variables and outcomes. Poisson regression with robust variance was conducted to identify independent socio-demographic predictors. Results: Of the 1758 women interviewed, 90.8% had heard of breast and 89.4% of cervical cancer. 8.7% recalled at least one breast risk factor and 38.1% recalled at least one cervical cancer risk factor. 78.0% and 57.7% recalled at least one breast/cervical cancer symptom respectively. Recognition of risk factors and symptoms was higher than recall. Many women were unaware that HPV, HIV, and not being screened were cervical cancer risk factors (23.7%, 46.8%, 26.5% respectively). In SA, urban compared to rural women had significantly higher symptom and risk factor awareness for both cancers. In Uganda married women/living with a partner had higher awareness of breast cancer risk factors and cervical cancer symptoms compared to women not living with a partner. Women mentioned several lay beliefs (e.g. putting money in their bra as a breast cancer risk factor). Conclusion: We identified gaps in breast and cervical cancer symptom and risk factor awareness. Our results provide direction for locally targeted cancer awareness intervention programs and serve as a baseline measure against which to evaluate interventions in SSA

PAH under XUV excitation: an ultrafast XUV- photochemistry experiment for astrophysics

International audienceUnderstanding processes induced by XUV excitation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) is at the heart of molecular astrophysics, which aims at understanding molecular evolution in interstellar media. We used ultrashort XUV pulses to produce highly excited PAHs cations. The photo-induced dynamics is probed using a pump-probe XUV-IR spectroscopy. By studying PAH from small (naphthalene) to large (hexabenzocoronene) PAHs, we show that the dynamic is governed by the large density of states, in which many-body quantum effects are dominant

Application of Hansch’s Model to Capsaicinoids and Capsinoids: A Study Using the Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship. A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Capsinoids

We describe a synthetic approach for two families of compounds, the capsaicinoids and capsinoids, as part of a study of the quantitative relationship between structure and activity

Ethnic Identity and Educational Outcomes of German Immigrants and Their Children

Identity can be an important driving force for educational performance. Immigrants and their children face the challenge of identifying with their host country's culture. This paper examines whether young immigrants and their children who identify stronger with the German culture are more likely to increase their educational outcomes. I use a concept of ethnic identity which is designed to capture Germanness in immigrants' day-to-day routine - based on self-identification, language skills and cultural habits. The research design takes into account the issue of endogeneity of ethnic identity in an educational outcome equation by measuring education and identity at different moments and by using an endogenous latent factor methodology. The paper finds that identification with the German culture has an overall positive effect on educational outcomes and diminishes and renders the educational gap between immigrants and the second generation insignificant. The paper¿s results indicate that the second generation identifies stronger with the German culture than immigrants, no matter whether of German, European, Central European or Turkish background. Apart from the immigrant generation, own low educational attainment and high mother's educational attainment matter for identification with the German culture