Cartas sobre Emigración y Colonias

Copia digital. España : Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 202

Ayala : estudio político

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Yet Another Ranking Function for Automatic Multiword Term Extraction

International audienceTerm extraction is an essential task in domain knowledge acquisition. We propose two new measures to extract multiword terms from a domain-specific text. The first measure is both linguistic and statistical based. The second measure is graph-based, allowing assessment of the importance of a multiword term of a domain. Existing measures often solve some problems related (but not completely) to term extraction, e.g., noise, silence, low frequency, large-corpora, complexity of the multiword term extraction process. Instead, we focus on managing the entire set of problems, e.g., detecting rare terms and overcoming the low frequency issue. We show that the two proposed measures outperform precision results previously reported for automatic multiword extraction by comparing them with the state-of-the-art reference measures

Wound-up phase turbulence in the Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation

We consider phase turbulent regimes with nonzero winding number in the one-dimensional Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. We find that phase turbulent states with winding number larger than a critical one are only transients and decay to states within a range of allowed winding numbers. The analogy with the Eckhaus instability for non-turbulent waves is stressed. The transition from phase to defect turbulence is interpreted as an ergodicity breaking transition which occurs when the range of allowed winding numbers vanishes. We explain the states reached at long times in terms of three basic states, namely quasiperiodic states, frozen turbulence states, and riding turbulence states. Justification and some insight into them is obtained from an analysis of a phase equation for nonzero winding number: rigidly moving solutions of this equation, which correspond to quasiperiodic and frozen turbulence states, are understood in terms of periodic and chaotic solutions of an associated system of ordinary differential equations. A short report of some of our results has been published in [Montagne et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 267 (1996)].Comment: 22 pages, 15 figures included. Uses subfigure.sty (included) and epsf.tex (not included). Related research in http://www.imedea.uib.es/Nonlinea

Channeling by Proximity: The Catalytic Advantages of Active Site Colocalization Using Brownian Dynamics

Nature often colocalizes successive steps in a metabolic pathway. Such organization is predicted to increase the effective concentration of pathway intermediates near their recipient active sites and to enhance catalytic efficiency. Here, the pathway of a two-step reaction is modeled using a simple spherical approximation for the enzymes and substrate particles. Brownian dynamics are used to simulate the trajectory of a substrate particle as it diffuses between the active site zones of two different enzyme spheres. The results approximate distances for the most effective reaction pathways, indicating that the most effective reaction pathway is one in which the active sites are closely aligned. However, when the active sites are too close, the ability of the substrate to react with the first enzyme was hindered, suggesting that even the most efficient orientations can be improved for a system that is allowed to rotate or change orientation to optimize the likelihood of reaction at both sites

Atuação em ensino, pesquisa e extensão no Herbário do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

The Herbarium of the Department of Botany (RFA) of the Institute of Biology from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro was created in 1954 by Professor Paulo Occhioni in oder to support teaching and research activities. The herbarium had its origin from collections gathered at the Medical School of Rio de Janeiro and it was represented by 794 exsiccates from the European Flora Collection by the botanist J.C. Ducommun. Subsequently, the collection has been expanded with samples from Flora of Rio de Janeiro acquired during periodic botanical expeditions. Currently, there are 45,260 specimens of plants and fungi in the herbarium. There are 118 nomenclatural types and two auxiliary collections, such as Carpotheque and Photo Library. RFA is a dynamic collection that focuses on scientific dissemination and other activities, such as teaching, extension and research, mainly because it is part of the University.El Herbario del Departamento de Botánica (RFA), del Instituto de Biología de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), fue creado en 1954, por el profesor Paulo Occhioni, para servir en actividades de enseñanza e investigación. La colección comenzó a partir de colecciones recolectadas en la Facultad de Medicina de Río de Janeiro, representada por 794 exiccados de la Colección Europea de Flora por el botánico J.C. Ducommun. Posteriormente, la colección se incrementó con muestras de Flora de Río de Janeiro, resultado de excursiones botánicas periódicas. Actualmente hay 45,260 especímenes de todos los grupos de plantas y hongos en el herbario. Se destacan 118 tipos de nomenclatura y dos colecciones auxiliares, como Carpoteca y Fototeca. El RFA es una colección dinámica que se ocupa de la divulgación científica y las actividades que involucran la enseñanza, la extensión y la investigación, principalmente porque es parte de la universidad.L'Herbier du Département de botanique (RFA), de l'Institut de biologie de l' Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), a été créé en 1954 par le professeur Paulo Occhioni, pour servir des activités d'enseignement et de recherche. La collection a commencé avec des collections collectées à la Faculté de médecine de Rio de Janeiro, représentées par 794 exsiccats de la Collection européenne de la flore par le botaniste J.C. Ducommun. Par la suite, la collection a été augmentée avec des échantillons de Flore de Rio de Janeiro, le résultat d'excursions botaniques périodiques. Actuellement, il y a 45,260 spécimens de tous les groupes de plantes et de champignons dans l'herbier. Il existe 118 types de nomenclature et deux collections auxiliaires, telles que Carpothèque et photothèque. RFA est une collection dynamique qui s'intéresse à la diffusion scientifique et aux activités qui impliquent l'enseignement, la vulgarisation et la recherche, principalement parce qu'elle fait partie de l'université.O Herbário do Departamento de Botânica (RFA), do Instituto de Biologia pertencente à Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, foi criado em 1954, pelo professor Paulo Occhioni, para atender às atividades de ensino e pesquisa. A coleção teve início a partir das coletas resgatadas na Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro, representadas por 794 exsicatas da Coleção da Flora Europeia do botânico J.C. Ducommun. Posteriormente, a coleção foi incrementada com amostras da Flora do Rio de Janeiro, resultado de excursões botânicas periódicas. Atualmente, constam no herbário 45.260 espécimes de todos os grupos vegetais e fungos. Destacam-se 118 tipos nomenclaturais e duas coleções auxiliares, como a Carpoteca e a Fototeca. O RFA é uma coleção dinâmica que se preocupa com a divulgação científica e com as atividades que envolvem o ensino, a extensão e a pesquisa, principalmente por ser parte da universidade

Bleeding Risk and Antithrombotic Strategy in Patients With Sinus Rhythm and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Treated With Warfarin or Aspirin

We sought to assess the performance of existing bleeding risk scores, such as the Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly (HAS-BLED) score or the Outpatient Bleeding Risk Index (OBRI), in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in sinus rhythm (SR) treated with warfarin or aspirin. We calculated HAS-BLED and OBRI risk scores for 2,305 patients with HFrEF in SR enrolled in the Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction trial. Proportional hazards models were used to test whether each score predicted major bleeding, and comparison of different risk scores was performed using Harell C-statistic and net reclassification improvement index. For the warfarin arm, both scores predicted bleeding risk, with OBRI having significantly greater C-statistic (0.72 vs 0.61; p = 0.03) compared to HAS-BLED, although the net reclassification improvement for comparing OBRI to HAS-BLED was not significant (0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.18 to 0.37). Performance of the OBRI and HAS-BLED risk scores was similar for the aspirin arm. For participants with OBRI scores of 0 to 1, warfarin compared with aspirin reduced ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.98, p = 0.042) without significantly increasing major bleeding (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.30, p = 0.51). For those with OBRI score of ≥2, there was a trend for reduced ischemic stroke with warfarin compared to aspirin (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.15, p = 0.12), but major bleeding was increased (HR 4.04, 95% CI 1.99 to 8.22, p <0.001). In conclusion, existing bleeding risk scores can identify bleeding risk in patients with HFrEF in SR and could be tested for potentially identifying patients with a favorable risk/benefit profile for antithrombotic therapy with warfarin

CHA2 DS2 -VASc score and adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and sinus rhythm

AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine whether the CHA2 DS2 -VASc score can predict adverse outcomes such as death, ischaemic stroke, and major haemorrhage, in patients with systolic heart failure in sinus rhythm. METHODS AND RESULTS: CHA2 DS2 -VASc scores were calculated for 1101 patients randomized to warfarin and 1123 patients randomized to aspirin. Adverse outcomes were defined as death or ischaemic stroke, death alone, ischaemic stroke alone, and major haemorrhage. Using proportional hazards models, we found that each 1-point increase in the CHA2 DS2 -VASc score was associated with increased hazard of death or ischaemic stroke events [hazard ratio (HR) for the warfarin arm = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.30, P < 0.001; for aspirin, HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.11-1.29, P < 0.001]. Similar increased hazards for higher CHA2 DS2 -VASc scores were observed for death alone, ischaemic stroke alone, and major haemorrhage. Overall performance of the CHA2 DS2 -VASc score was assessed using c-statistics for full models containing the risk score, treatment assignment, and score-treatment interaction, with the c-statistics for the full models ranging from 0.57 for death to 0.68 for major haemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: The CHA2 DS2 -VASc score predicted adverse outcomes in patients with systolic heart failure in sinus rhythm, with modest prediction accuracy

Controlled Orientation of Active Sites in a Nanostructured Multienzyme Complex

Multistep cascade reactions in nature maximize reaction efficiency by co-assembling related enzymes. Such organization facilitates the processing of intermediates by downstream enzymes. Previously, the studies on multienzyme nanocomplexes assembled on DNA scaffolds demonstrated that closer interenzyme distance enhances the overall reaction efficiency. However, it remains unknown how the active site orientation controlled at nanoscale can have an effect on multienzyme reaction. Here, we show that controlled alignment of active sites promotes the multienzyme reaction efficiency. By genetic incorporation of a non-natural amino acid and two compatible bioorthogonal chemistries, we conjugated mannitol dehydrogenase to formate dehydrogenase with the defined active site arrangement with the residue-level accuracy. The study revealed that the multienzyme complex with the active sites directed towards each other exhibits four-fold higher relative efficiency enhancement in the cascade reaction and produces 60% more D-mannitol than the other complex with active sites directed away from each other.ope

Insulinoma de páncreas que imita epilepsia

El insulinoma es una neoplasia endocrina funcional rara, que provoca un estado hiperinsulínico hipoglucémico derivado de la ausencia de regulación endocrina de la secreción de insulina. Su incidencia es de 1 a 5 caso por millón de personas al año a nivel mundial. Es la sintomatología más comúnmente manifestada por síntomas neuroglucopénicos y simpaticoadrenales. El diagnóstico se establece por la tríada de Whipple, los niveles elevados de insulina, el péptido C, la proinsulina y los niveles disminuidos de betahidroxibutirato, además de descartar el uso de sulfonilureas. El manejo de elección es la resección quirúrgica, dado su alto nivel de benignidad y curación total. Se presenta el caso de un hombre en manejo anticonvulsivante por epilepsia con refractariedad de síntomas, quien debutó con cuadro de hipoglucemia grave necesaria para el diagnóstico de insulinoma, con manejo quirúrgico y resolución del cuadro de base