Cryptic genetic diversity and cytonuclear discordance characterize contact among Canada Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) morphotypes in western North America

Accepted author manuscriptThree distinct Canada jay (Perisoreus canadensis) morphotypes with easily recognizable plumage traits come into contact in western North America. Recent work demonstrated high genetic structure across the species’ range; however, patterns of genetic variation in these contact zones remain unknown. We categorized 605 individuals into one of three morphotypes (Pacific, Rocky Mountain, and Boreal) based on plumage, and genotyped individuals at the mtDNA control region and 12 microsatellite loci to assess the extent of hybridization between morphotypes. Our data showed cryptic genetic diversity and high cytonuclear discordance among morphotypes within contact zones, which is likely the result of recent and historical admixture. The distributions of the Boreal and Pacific morphotypes each showed a strong association with a single, distinct genetic group, whereas the Rocky Mountain morphotype exhibited higher genetic diversity and was associated with multiple genotypes. Our analyses show the importance of considering both plumage and genetic traits when examining contact zones between closely related taxa. Finally the data presented in this study reaffirm that the Pacific morphotype is distinct from the Boreal and Rocky Mountain morphotypes based on genetic, phenotypic and ecological data, indicating that the Pacific morphotype should be re-elevated to a full species.Ye

Considerations on Genre and Gender Conventions in Translating from Old English

The Old English poem The Wife's Lament is an extremely conventional and, at the same time, original text. It portrays a female character suffering for the absence of her loved one, through the framework of the so-called 'elegiac' style and a mainly heroic vocabulary. The traditional exile theme is, thus, interwoven with the uncommon motif of love sickness. While this appraisal of the poem is the most widely accepted one, disagreement still remains about the translation of some keywords, strictly related to the exile theme, such as sīþ or wræcsīþ. The aim of this paper is to examine diverging readings and glosses of the above mentioned 'exilic/elegiac' keywords, and to show that an accurate translation should not neglect a thorough appraisal of the text in its complexity and the association with related literary patterns and imagery in other poetic and prose texts

A Local Food System for Saskatoon: Envisioning Prosperous Rural Communities and Food-secure Cities on the Canadian Prairies

Perhaps nowhere in the world is the unsustainability of our current agricultural system more obvious than on the Canadian Prairies. Based not upon the ecological capacity of the land or the well-being of those who care for it, but upon industrial economies of scale and mass production, this fossil fuel driven system is not only causing environmental and cultural destruction which threatens the very ability of the ecosystem to continue producing food in a future of diminished fossil fuel resources, but as many recent studies have shown, the abundance of cheap grain being delivered by the system is doing more to increase hunger and human health problems around the world than to help alleviate them. Fortunately, as more and more of us realize this and many other fallacies (e.g. that industrially produced food is safe, healthy and nutritious) being told by global agribusiness today, an alternative is emerging. By reconnecting with each other directly through things like CSAs and farmers’ markets, producers and consumers around the world are making viable systems of production that are not only environmentally sound and culturally rewarding, but since they limit a community’s dependence on globally traded commodities, also contribute to the building of an overall food system which is far healthier as well as far more equitable than the global industrial one we have today. Through the development of a local food system (comprised of small-scale natural-systems-based production, rural processing and support centers, neighbourhood farmers’ markets, and community support facilities) involving one urban and one rural community - between which there is a critical reciprocal relationship - this thesis investigates the scale of system required to feed a Prairie city of 200,000, and what the implications of this would be to both the food security of urban communities, as well as the economic and social vitality of surrounding rural communities

Interaction of Delabole Wind Farm and South Western Electricity's distribution system

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:3816.4795(ETSU-W--33/00266/REP) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo