Estratégias para diminuição do tráfego de dados e controlo em mecanismos de disseminação de conteúdos em redes veiculares

Desde sempre que a conetividade assume um papel importante em manter as pessoas ligadas entre si e ao resto do mundo. Tal facto não mudou nos tempos atuais, especialmente na era das novas tecnologias, onde se tem assistido á introdução de novas redes de telecomunicações. Entre elas destacam-se as redes veiculares constituídas por todo o tipo de veículos com capacidades de intercomunicação. Estas redes veiculares fornecem diversos serviços, nos quais se destacam o acesso à Internet, coleta de dados sensoriais e a distribuição de conteúdos não urgentes. No entanto, as redes veiculares têm carateristicas especificas, face a outro tipo de redes, tais como, o número elevado de veículos, rotas imprevisiveis e a constante perda de conectividade entre os mesmos, relevando vários desafios a solucionar. A solução encontrada para a conectividade intermitente prende-se com o uso de Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN)s, cuja arquitetura assegura a entrega de informação mesmo quando não existe o conhecimento total do percurso que esta deve percorrer, desde a origem até ao destino. O trabalho realizado nesta dissertação foca-se na diminuição do tráfego de dados e controlo em mecanismos de disseminação de conteúdos não urgentes em redes veiculares. Atualmente, existem três estratégias já implementadas pelo grupo Network Architecture and Protocols (NAP) para distribuição de conteúdos não urgentes. Destas três, apenas uma delas se destaca, a estratégia LRBF, pela elevada taxa de entrega. No entanto, a elevada taxa de entrega força um overhead considerável na rede. Para combater este efeito, foram desenvolvidas quatro abordagens para diminuição do tráfego de controlo. Posteriormente a melhor abordagem (BitArray) foi escolhida para integrar numa nova estratégia, LRBFAdvanced. Para além disso, esta nova estratégia consistiu, também, num conjunto de otimizações efetuadas ao nível dos pacotes de dados da estratégia base, LRBF, para combater o número de pacotes de dados redundantes na rede. Tanto a nova estratégia como as abordagens desenvolvidas de diminuição de tráfego de controlo foram implementadas no software de DTNs mOVERS Emulator, e sempre avaliadas em relação à estratégia base. Posteriormente, a estratégia LRBFAdvanced, assim como a estratégia LRBF (para efeitos de comparação), foram introduzidas e testadas numa plataforma real (em ambiente controlado - laboratorial, e em ambiente não controlado - moliceiros na ria de Aveiro) para demonstrar que, de facto, o objetivo principal da LRBFAdvanced é cumprido e atingido na prática. Após análise dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que a nova estratégia resultante proposta, denominada LRBFAdvanced, cumpriu o principal objetivo proposto, nomeadamente, a redução do overhead na rede veicular, tanto de controlo como de dados.Connectivity is playing an important role in keeping people connected to each other and to the rest of the world. This has not changed in the actual time, especially in the field of new technologies, where new telecommunication networks have been introduced. These include vehicular networks made up of all types of vehicles with intercommunication capabilities. These vehicular networks provide a variety of services, that can be Internet access, sensor data collection and the distribution of non-urgent content. However, vehicular networks have specific characteristics when compared with other types of networks, such as the high number of vehicles, unpredictable routes and the constant loss of connectivity between them, highlighting several challenges to be solved. The solution found for intermittent connectivity concerns the use of DTNs, whose architecture ensures the delivery of information even when there is no complete knowledge of the route that it must travel, from the origin to the destination. The work carried out in this dissertation focuses on the reduction of data and control trafic in non-urgent content dissemination mechanisms in vehicular networks. Currently, there are three strategies already implemented by the NAP group for non-urgent content distribution. Of these three, only one of them stands out, the Local Rarest Bundle First (LRBF) strategy, achieving high rate of delivery. However, the high delivery rate forces a considerable overhead on the network. To overcome this drawback, four approaches have been developed to reduce control trafic. Subsequently the best approach (BitArray) was chosen to integrate into a new strategy, LRBFAdvanced. In addition, this new strategy also consisted of a set of optimizations made at the level of the base strategy data packets, LRBF, to overcome the excessive number of redundant data packets in the network. Both the new strategy and the developed control trafic reduction approaches were implemented in the mOVERS Emulator DTNs software, and always evaluated against the base strategy. Later, the LRBFAdvanced strategy, as well as the LRBF strategy (for comparison purposes), were introduced and tested on a real platform (laboratory environment and an uncontrolled environment - Moliceiros da Ria de Aveiro) to demonstrate that, in fact, the objective of LRBFAdvanced is fulfilled and achieved in practice. After analyzing the obtained results, it is concluded that the proposed new strategy, called LRBFAdvanced, fulfilled the main objective proposed, namely, the reduction of control and data overhead in the vehicular networkMestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemátic

Plano de marketing relacional - Retenção e fidelização de clientes da Setcom

Este projeto tem como objetivo a apresentação de um plano de marketing relacional, para a retenção e fidelização de clientes da SETCOM. A empresa atua no mercado angolano há oito anos, já não se encontra numa fase embrionária de atividade, mas necessita de posicionar-se melhor no mercado. Este projeto teve como base o marketing relacional associado ao marketing digital, tendo em conta que o digital tem vindo a contribuir significativamente para estreitar relações de confiança. O marketing relacional visa criar relações a longo prazo e tem foco na fidelização do seu cliente. As redes sociais, nos dias de hoje, são componentes fundamentais para o marketing relacional, fazendo com que as empresas comuniquem com os seus clientes com maior facilidade e rapidez. Com a implementação deste projeto, a SETCOM reúne as características fundamentais para sustentar relações a longo prazo, enquanto elemento fundamental no seu objeto de negócio. Mas, para além disso, torna-se necessário apostar numa comunicação baseada numa estratégia relacional. A estratégia, que apresentamos neste plano, utiliza as redes sociais de modo a que a empresa conheça melhor o seu cliente, posicionandose como uma empresa com expertise no mercado das telecomunicações. Por último, este plano vem revelar o potencial do sector B2B, onde a atividade de marketing relacional associado ao digital muitas vezes não existe, mas que são fundamentais

Cuidado especializado : o sono enquanto necessidade

Introdução: No âmbito do 13º Curso de Mestrado de Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica com área de especialização em Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crítica, pelo Instituto de Ciências da Saúde de Lisboa da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, emerge o presente relatório que corresponde ao culminar de um processo de desenvolvimento de competências especializadas no cuidado à pessoa em situação crítica. Objetivo: O principal objetivo deste relatório é a avaliação de todo o processo de aprendizagem, desenvolvido através da apresentação dos contributos da investigação elaborada e da exposição das atividades executadas em estágio, e assim permitir a certificação de competências enquanto enfermeiro especialista e mestre. Metodologia: Através de uma metodologia descritiva, analítica e reflexiva, apresenta-se o perfil de competências desenvolvido (mestre e especialista), suportado numa prática baseada na evidência e apurado durante o estágio numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos de Cirurgia Cardiotorácia e Unidade de Queimados. Apresenta a Revisão Sistemática da Literatura de evidência de significado acerca do fenómeno do sono em pessoas e profissionais. Resultados: Retrata habilidades pessoais, profissionais e académicas, remetendo para um conjunto de atitudes, valores e comportamentos inerentes a um cuidado especializado e ao desenvolvimento de competências de mestre. Expõe a criação da proposta de norma Quiet Time como atividade desenvolvida, com respetiva grelha de auditoria, sinalética e cartaz, com a finalidade da promoção do sono na Unidade de Queimados. A Revisão Sistemática realizada mostra a subjetividade da qualidade do sono com disparidades na sua valorização e, revela que a experiência do sono tem impacto não só na vivência da doença crítica per si, mas também no processo de recuperação. Conclusão: Com base nas competências adquiridas, sustentando-me numa postura de reflexão na ação e sobre a ação, aliado a uma prática baseada na evidência, consegui abraçar intervenções de enfermagem especializadas, de uma forma holística, individualizada, segura e com a melhor qualidade.Introduction: In the scope of the 13th Master's Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing with an area of specialization in Critical Care Nursing, by the Lisbon Institute of Health Sciences of the Portuguese Catholic University, emerges this report that corresponds to the culmination of a process of development of specialized critical care nursing skills in the care of the person in critical situation. Objective: The main objective of this report is the evaluation of the entire learning process developed through the presentation of the contributions of the research elaborated and the exposure of the activities performed in internship, and thus allow the certification of competencies as a specialist and master nurse. Methodology: Through a descriptive, analytical and reflective methodology, the skills profile developed (master and specialist) is presented, supported by a practice based on evidence and determined during the internship in an Intensive Care Unit of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Burn Unit. It presents the Systematic Literature Review of evidence of meaning about the phenomenon of sleep in people and professionals. Results: It portrays personal, professional and academic skills, referring to a set of attitudes, values and behaviors inherent to specialized care and the development of master skills. It exposes the creation of the proposal of quiet time standard as an activity developed, with its audit grid, signage and poster, with the purpose of promoting sleep in the Burn Unit. The Systematic Review shows the subjectivity of sleep quality with disparities in its appreciation and reveals that the experience of sleep has an impact not only on the experience of critical disease per se, but also in the recovery process. Conclusion: Based on the skills acquired, supporting myself in a posture of reflection in action and on action, combined with a practice based on evidence, I was able to embrace the specialized nursing action, in a holistic, individualized, safe and with the best quality

Light microclimate-driven changes at transcriptional level in photosynthetic grape berry tissues

Viticulture practices that change the light distribution in the grapevine canopy can interfere with several physiological mechanisms, such as grape berry photosynthesis and other metabolic pathways, and consequently impact the berry biochemical composition, which is key to the final wine quality. We previously showed that the photosynthetic activity of exocarp and seed tissues from a white cultivar (Alvarinho) was in fact responsive to the light microclimate in the canopy (low and high light, LL and HL, respectively), and that these different light microclimates also led to distinct metabolite profiles, suggesting a berry tissue-specific interlink between photosynthesis and metabolism. In the present work, we analyzed the transcript levels of key genes in exocarps and seed integuments of berries from the same cultivar collected from HL and LL microclimates at three developmental stages, using real-time qPCR. In exocarp, the expression levels of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (VvSuSy1), phenylpropanoid (VvPAL1), stilbenoid (VvSTS1), and flavan-3-ol synthesis (VvDFR, VvLAR2, and VvANR) were highest at the green stage. In seeds, the expression of several genes associated with both phenylpropanoid (VvCHS1 and VvCHS3) and flavan-3-ol synthesis (VvDFR and VvLAR2) showed a peak at the véraison stage, whereas that of RuBisCO was maintained up to the mature stage. Overall, the HL microclimate, compared to that of LL, resulted in a higher expression of genes encoding elements associated with both photosynthesis (VvChlSyn and VvRuBisCO), carbohydrate metabolism (VvSPS1), and photoprotection (carotenoid pathways genes) in both tissues. HL also induced the expression of the VvFLS1 gene, which was translated into a higher activity of the FLS enzyme producing flavonol-type flavonoids, whereas the expression of several other flavonoid pathway genes (e.g., VvCHS3, VvSTS1, VvDFR, and VvLDOX) was reduced, suggesting a specific role of flavonols in photoprotection of berries growing in the HL microclimate. This work suggests a possible link at the transcriptional level between berry photosynthesis and pathways of primary and secondary metabolism, and provides relevant information for improving the management of the light microenvironment at canopy level of the grapes.This research and the APC was funded by FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, grant provided to Andreia Garrido (PD/BD/128275/2017), under the Doctoral Programme “Agricultural Production Chains—from fork to farm” (PD/00122/2012), and by the European Social Funds and the Regional Operational Programme Norte 2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Kaolin foliar application has a stimulatory effect on phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways in grape berries

The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2016. 01150Drought, elevated air temperature, and high evaporative demand are increasingly frequent during summer in grape growing areas like the Mediterranean basin, limiting grapevine productivity and berry quality. The foliar exogenous application of kaolin, a radiation-reflecting inert mineral, has proven effective in mitigating the negative impacts of these abiotic stresses in grapevine and other fruit crops, however, little is known about its influence on the composition of the grape berry and on key molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways notably important for grape berry quality parameters. Here, we performed a thorough molecular and biochemical analysis to assess how foliar application of kaolin influences major secondary metabolism pathways associated with berry quality-traits, leading to biosynthesis of phenolics and anthocyanins, with a focus on the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid (both flavonol- and anthocyanin-biosynthetic) and stilbenoid pathways. In grape berries from different ripening stages, targeted transcriptional analysis by qPCR revealed that several genes involved in these pathways—VvPAL1, VvC4H1, VvSTSs, VvCHS1, VvFLS1, VvDFR, and VvUFGT—were more expressed in response to the foliar kaolin treatment, particularly in the latter maturation phases. In agreement, enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), flavonol synthase (FLS), and UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) were about two-fold higher in mature or fully mature berries from kaolin-treated plants, suggesting regulation also at a transcriptional level. The expression of the glutathione S-transferase VvGST4, and of the tonoplast anthocyanin transporters VvMATE1 and VvABCC1 were also all significantly increased at véraison and in mature berries, thus, when anthocyanins start to accumulate in the vacuole, in agreement with previously observed higher total concentrations of phenolics and anthocyanins in berries from kaolin-treated plaThe work was supported by European Union Funds (FEDER/COMPETE-Operational Competitiveness Programme —INNOVINE—ref. 311775, Enoexcel—Norte—07-0124FEDER-000032 and INTERACT - NORTE-01-0145-FEDER000017 - Linha VitalityWine - ON 0013), and by Portuguese national funds (FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) under the project FCOMP-01-0124FEDER-022692. AC was supported by Enoexcel—Norte— 07-0124-FEDER-000032 and INTERACT - NORTE-010145-FEDER-000017.This work also benefited from the networking activities within the European funded COST ACTION FA1106 “QualityFruit.”info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) PaPIP1;4 is a functional aquaporin upregulated by pre-harvest calcium treatments that prevent cracking

The involvement of aquaporins in rain-induced sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit cracking is an important research topic with potential agricultural applications. In the present study, we performed the functional characterization of PaPIP1;4, the most expressed aquaporin in sweet cherry fruit. Field experiments focused on the pre-harvest exogenous application to sweet cherry trees, cultivar Skeena, with a solution of 0.5% CaCl2, which is the most common treatment to prevent cracking. Results show that PaPIP1;4 was mostly expressed in the fruit peduncle, but its steady-state transcript levels were higher in fruits from CaCl2-treated plants than in controls. The transient expression of PaPIP1;4-GFP in tobacco epidermal cells and the overexpression of PaPIP1;4 in YSH1172 yeast mutation showed that PaPIP1;4 is a plasma membrane protein able to transport water and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we characterized for the first time a plasma membrane sweet cherry aquaporin able to transport water and H2O2 that is upregulated by the pre-harvest exogenous application of CaCl2 supplements.This work was supported by the “Contrato-Programa” UIDB/04050/2020 and UIDB/04033/2020 funded by national funds through the FCT I.P. The work was also supported by FCT and European Funds (FEDER/POCI/COMPETE2020) through the research projects MitiVineDrought (PTDC/BIA-FBT/30341/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030341), BerryPlastid (PTDC/BIA-FBT/28165/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028165) and CherryCrackLess (PTDC/AGR-PRO/7028/2014). R.B. was supported with a PhD student grant (PD/BD/113616/2015) under the Agrichains Doctoral Program (PD/00122/2012) funded by FCT. H.N. was supported by an FCT postdoctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/115518/2016) and A.C. was supported by a contract in the MitiVineDrought project.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Uma visão da Internet das Coisas na imprensa nacional: o jornal Observador

Para a realização deste estudo de caso procedeu-se a um levantamento de artigos publicados no jornal Português “Observador”sobreaInternet das Coisas, de forma a aferir qual a tipologia de notícias sobre esta tecnologia que foram publicadas no referido jornal; quais as potencialidades e desafios da IdC patentes no corpus da investigação; e qual a relação entre as publicações e as principais linhas de investigação desta área de estudo. Dos 29 artigos obtidos foi possível constatar que 12 correspondiam a anúnciosde novos produtos, seguindo-se o anúncio de novos projetos (9), reflexão em torno da tecnologia (6) e criação de novas empresas (2). Constatou-se ainda que os artigos publicados têm a temática alinhada com as principais linhas de investigação sobre a IdC, destacando-se um ligeiro enfoque nas casas inteligentes e nascidades inteligentes.For the accomplishment of this case study, a survey of articles published in the Portuguese Newspaper “Observador” about the Internet of Things was carried out, in order to verify what type of news about this technology was published in the aforementioned newspaper; what are the potential and challenges of IoT patents in the corpus of research; and what is the relationship between the publications and the main lines of research in this area of study. We obtained 29 articles, and it was possible to record that 12 corresponded to the announcement of new products, followed by the announcement of new projects (9), reflection on technology (6) and creation of new companies (2). We also verified that the published articles have the theme aligned with the main research lines about the IoT, highlighting a slight emphasis on smart homes and smart cities.Pour la réalisation de cette étude de cas nous avons procédé à une enquête sur les articles publiés dans le journal portugais “Observateur” sur l'Internet des objets afin d'évaluer quel type de nouvelles de cette technologie qui ont été publiés dans le Journal; que le potentiel et les défis des brevets IdO dans le corpus de recherche; et quelle est la relation entre les publications et les grandes lignes de la recherche dans ce domaine d'étude. Sur les 29 articles obtenus, il a été constaté que 12 correspondait à de nouvelles annonces de produits, suivi par l'annonce de nouveaux projets (9), la réflexion sur la technologie (6) et la création de nouvelles entreprises (2). Il a également été constaté que les articles publiés ont un thème en accord avec les grandes lignes de la recherche sur l'IdO, en particulier un léger accent sur les maisons intelligentes et les villes intelligentes.publishe

Metabolomics of photosynthetically active tissues in white grapes: effects of light microclimate and stress mitigation strategies

The effects of climate change are becoming a real concern for the viticulture sector, with impacts on both grapevine physiology and the quality of the fresh berries and wine. Short-term mitigation strategies, like foliar kaolin application and smart irrigation regimes, have been implemented to overcome these problems. We previously showed that these strategies also influence the photosynthetic activity of the berries themselves, specifically in the exocarp and seed. In the present work, we assessed the modulating effects of both canopy-light microclimate, kaolin and irrigation treatments on the metabolic profiles of the exocarp and seed, as well as the potential role of berry photosynthesis herein. Berries from the white variety Alvarinho were collected at two contrasting light microclimate positions within the vine canopy (HLhigh light and LLlow light) from both irrigated and kaolin-treated plants, and their respective controls, at three fruit developmental stages (green, véraison and mature). Untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) profiling of semi-polar extracts followed by multivariate statistical analysis indicate that both the light microclimate and irrigation influenced the level of a series of phenolic compounds, depending on the ripening stage of the berries. Moreover, untargeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) profiling of polar extracts show that amino acid and sugar levels were influenced mainly by the interaction of irrigation and kaolin treatments. The results reveal that both photosynthetically active berry tissues had a distinct metabolic profile in response to the local light microclimate, which suggests a specific role of photosynthesis in these tissues. A higher light intensity within the canopy mainly increased the supply of carbon precursors to the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway, resulting in increased levels of phenolic compounds in the exocarp, while in seeds, light mostly influenced compounds related to carbon storage and seed development. In addition, our work provides new insights into the influence of abiotic stress mitigation strategies on the composition of exocarps and seeds, which are both important tissues for the quality of grape-derived products.This research and APC were funded by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, grant provided to Andreia Garrido (PD/BD/128275/2017), under the Doctoral Program "Agricultural Production Chains-from fork to farm" (PD/00122/2012).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fruit photosynthesis: more to know about where, how and why

Not only leaves but also other plant organs and structures typically considered as carbon sinks, including stems, roots, flowers, fruits and seeds, may exhibit photosynthetic activity. There is still a lack of a coherent and systematized body of knowledge and consensus on the role(s) of photosynthesis in these “sink” organs. With regard to fruits, their actual photosynthetic activity is influenced by a range of properties, including fruit anatomy, histology, physiology, development and the surrounding microclimate. At early stages of development fruits generally contain high levels of chlorophylls, a high density of functional stomata and thin cuticles. While some plant species retain functional chloroplasts in their fruits upon subsequent development or ripening, most species undergo a disintegration of the fruit chloroplast grana and reduction in stomata functionality, thus limiting gas exchange. In addition, the increase in fruit volume hinders light penetration and access to CO2, also reducing photosynthetic activity. This review aimed to compile information on aspects related to fruit photosynthesis, from fruit characteristics to ecological drivers, and to address the following challenging biological questions: why does a fruit show photosynthetic activity and what could be its functions? Overall, there is a body of evidence to support the hypothesis that photosynthesis in fruits is key to locally providing: ATP and NADPH, which are both fundamental for several demanding biosynthetic pathways (e.g., synthesis of fatty acids); O2, to prevent hypoxia in its inner tissues including seeds; and carbon skeletons, which can fuel the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites important for the growth of fruits and for spreading, survival and germination of their seed (e.g., sugars, flavonoids, tannins, lipids). At the same time, both primary and secondary metabolites present in fruits and seeds are key to human life, for instance as sources for nutrition, bioactives, oils and other economically important compounds or components. Understanding the functions of photosynthesis in fruits is pivotal to crop management, providing a rationale for manipulating microenvironmental conditions and the expression of key photosynthetic genes, which may help growers or breeders to optimize development, composition, yield or other economically important fruit quality aspects.This research was funded by FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, via a grant provided to AG (PD/BD/128275/2017), under the Doctoral Programme “Agricultural Production Chains—from fork to farm” (PD/00122/2012), and by the European Social Funds and the Regional Operational Programme Norte 2020. FCT also supported the work via CITAB and CBMA research units under the projects UIDB/04033/2020 and UIDB/04050/2020, respectively. The work was also support by project I&D&I “AgriFood XXI”, ref. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), through NORTE 2020 (Northern Regional Operational Program 2014/2020). This work was also supported by CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020). Ric C. H. De Vos was financed by the business unit Bioscience of Wageningen University and Research Centre

O potencial da Internet das Coisas no Ensino Básico e Secundário

Neste artigo apresenta-se uma revisão da literatura de forma a ampliar o conhecimento sobre a Internet das Coisas. Pretende-se elencar atuais tendências e projetos, desenvolvidos com esta tecnologia no ensino básico e secundário, assim como desafios e potencial de aplicabilidade no campo da educação. Por último, sendo o manual escolar um dos principais recursos utilizados pelos docentes em Portugal, estrutura-se uma argumentação acerca das eventuais transformações que poderão verificar-se neste recurso, considerando o potencial da Internet das Coisas. Concluiu-se que apesar da Internet das Coisas apresentar um potencial para facilitar o acesso a dados reais e constantemente atualizados, verificam-se ainda poucos projetos desenvolvidos no âmbito da educação no ensino básico e secundário.In this work, we present a review of the literature in order to expand the knowledge about the Internet of Things and show some of the current trends and projects, with this technology, developed in primary and secondary education, as well as challenges and potential applicability in education. Finally, as the school textbook is one of the main resources used by teachers in Portugal, it is argued that there may be transformations in this resource, considering the potential of the Internet of Things. It was concluded that although the Internet of Things presents the potential to facilitate access to real and constantly updated data, there are still a few projects developed in the scope of education in primary and secondary education.publishe