Face and scalp basal cell carcinoma treatment: A review of the literature

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent skin cancer and is characterized by slow growth, even if it can be locally invasive and rarely metastasizes. Many different phenotypic presentations and histopathologic subtypes have been described, and the current guidelines subdivide BCCs into low-risk (nodular and superficial) and high-risk subtypes (micronodular, infiltrating, and morphoeic BCC and those with squamous differentiation). Dermoscopy allows the identification of the features associated with these different subtypes. Compared with the low-risk forms of BCC, more aggressive ones tend to undergo more frequently incomplete surgical excision and perineural invasion, so the identification of these lesions before surgery is extremely important. The gold standard of treatment is surgery, particularly for the H region of the face and infiltrative lesions, but other options are available and selected according to many variables, including body area, age, comorbidities, and clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of the lesion. Moreover, the possible complications of surgical approaches, namely healing defects, failure of skin grafts, and wound infection, should be considered. In this review we discuss the management of BCC localized on the face and scalp, according to the currently available treatment options. </p

Therapeutic Options for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis with Scalp and Face Localization

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common skin disease related to ultraviolet chronic exposure, that is now considered a squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Primary skin cancer prevention strategies should be recommended for high risk patients. There is a wide spectrum of treatment options available for AKs, and several variables should be taken into account regarding the best therapeutic choice for each patient. The purpose of this article is to review the current treatment strategies for AKs localized on the face and scalp, with a focus on the practical point of view that could be useful for choosing the best therapeutic option. The two main therapeutic approaches will be distinguished first: lesiondirected and field-directed. Afterwards, the treatment based on clinical type and patient comorbidity will be discussed

Therapeutic Options for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis with Scalp and Face Localization

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common skin disease related to ultraviolet chronic exposure, that is now considered a squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Primary skin cancer prevention strategies should be recommended for high risk patients. There is a wide spectrum of treatment options available for AKs, and several variables should be taken into account regarding the best therapeutic choice for each patient. The purpose of this article is to review the current treatment strategies for AKs localized on the face and scalp, with a focus on the practical point of view that could be useful for choosing the best therapeutic option. The two main therapeutic approaches will be distinguished first: lesiondirected and field-directed. Afterwards, the treatment based on clinical type and patient comorbidity will be discussed

Cosmic ray oriented performance studies for the JEM-EUSO first level trigger

JEM-EUSO is a space mission designed to investigate Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays and Neutrinos (E > 5 ⋅ 1019 eV) from the International Space Station (ISS). Looking down from above its wide angle telescope is able to observe their air showers and collect such data from a very wide area. Highly specific trigger algorithms are needed to drastically reduce the data load in the presence of both atmospheric and human activity related background light, yet retain the rare cosmic ray events recorded in the telescope. We report the performance in offline testing of the first level trigger algorithm on data from JEM-EUSO prototypes and laboratory measurements observing different light sources: data taken during a high altitude balloon flight over Canada, laser pulses observed from the ground traversing the real atmosphere, and model landscapes reproducing realistic aspect ratios and light conditions as would be seen from the ISS itself. The first level trigger logic successfully kept the trigger rate within the permissible bounds when challenged with artificially produced as well as naturally encountered night sky background fluctuations and while retaining events with general air-shower characteristics

Intrapartum analgesia as condition of human satisfaction at hospital

The study investigates parturients’ satisfaction with intrapartum analgesia. It aims to assess their opinions about hospital and health staff involved in delivery, besides investigating emotional control, locus control and bond between mothers and their newborn infants. A multidimensional approach has been used to investigate the variable of woman as a person, the variable of context and the variable of bond with the newborn infant. The study was conducted according to a quasi-experimental design, with a control group. The study was performed within the Analgesia and Intensive Care Operational Unit of the Maternal-Infant Department of the P. Giaccone University General Hospital of Palermo. It involved 60 women subdivided into two groups of 30 women each, the experimental group (women who requested intrapartum analgesia) called the A group, and the control group (women who refused it) called the B group. The following tools were administered: the STAI-Y (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, form Y) scale; the Depression Questionnaire of CBA (Cognitive Behavioural Assessment) scale; the Locus of Control questionnaire; and an interview designed for the purpose. The experimental A group women exhibited lower levels of state anxiety and depression post-partum than those of the control B group; moreover, the women in the A group exhibited higher levels of external locus of control and evaluated delivery more positively than those of the B group. There were no significant differences with regard to the relationship with their newborn infants. The study shows that intrapartum analgesia provides hospitals with the possibility to satisfy women’s needs for safety and well-being

Rehabilitative training of preterm children’s attention: a study on sustainability

<p>This article is concerned with the description of rehabilitative training aimed at severely and moderately preterm children at preschool age who display impairments of processes of selective attention, self-control and problem solving and who are at risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders. In line with a perspective of field study suggested by pediatric psychology, the treatment calls for the involvement of parents, teachers, neonatologists and children’s reference pediatricians. To be more precise, it is a study aimed at investigating the sustainability of the training path in terms of impact and transformative valence of the focalised processes.</p> <p>Involved in the study was a group of 55 healthy preterm children (35 moderately preterm children and 20 severely preterm children) at mean age of 5.2 years attending the third year of infancy school; a group of 55 mothers; a group of 15 pediatricians; a group of 5 neonatologists and one of 10 teachers. Specific questionnaires (the IPDAG and IPDDAI) were administered to parents and teachers before and after the training sessions to detect the transformation of the focalised processes. According to a modality of continuous observation during the activities, the trainer used techniques of narrative (the critical incident technique) and descriptive (encoding scheme) observation.</p> <p>A checklist to detect the participation of adults was used. It was structured as follows: presence, production and aftermath of the effects of the personal intervention with child. A telephone follow-up was performed three months after the end of training to detect the involved adults’ considerations about the stability of promoted changes.</p> <p>Data show good levels of sustainability of the proposed training.</p