New insights into the Barremian–lower Aptian calcareous nannofossils of the Mediterranean Tethys: Chronostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2022.102114.We want to express our gratitude to M.J. Campos, who helped with the processing of smear slides. This study was funded by research projects P20_00783 (Plan Andaluz de Investigaci´on, Desarrollo e Innnovaci´on), CGL2014-52546-P (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacíon y Universidades, Spain) and RNM-200 Research Group (Junta de Andalucía, Spain). This study was designed by RA, who performed the calcareous nannofossil study, wrote the initial draft, and elaborated the figures. All the authors collected the samples in the field. MC and JS provided the ammonite data, and MM the astrochronological calibration. The authors are very grateful to F. Giraud and J. Mutterlose, whose constructive comments led to improvements in the final version of this paper, and to R. Jordan for his helpful editorial assistance.A detailed study of calcareous nannofossil assemblages from twelve uppermost lower Barremian–lower Aptian sections in the Subbetic Domain of the Betic Cordillera was performed. Seven new nannofossil species (Crucibiscutum bastetanum, Crucibiscutum gracile, Chiastozygus lamprostauros, Cyclagelosphaera platyaspis, Lithraphidites aichmoides, Lithraphidites pugio, and Rhagodiscus sicutclipeus) are described, one species is emended (Lithraphidites magnus) and the taxonomic concept of the marker species Hayesites irregularis is discussed and clarified. The detailed stratigraphic ranges of the new species, together with those of other relevant taxa, are determined and correlated to standard ammonite biostratigraphy. Age estimates of biostratigraphically relevant calcareous nannofossil biohorizons are calculated using astrochronologically tuned cyclostratigraphic data. Five new calcareous nannofossil subzones are proposed which enhance upper Barremian biostratigraphic resolution at a regional scale and are directly correlated with respect to the standard Tethyan ammonite zonation. Two of the new species described here are used as biostratigraphic markers for the newly proposed subzones. The duration of each subzone is provided through astrochronological calibration. This study allows the refinement of the calcareous nannofossil zonation for the Mediterranean–Atlantic province of the Tethyan Realm. The implications of these new results are discussed regarding the extant definition and use of the Barremian/Aptian boundary. The morpho-evolutionary trends of selected nannofossil groups are reviewed in relation to the latest Barremian–Aptian paleogeographic changes, showing these were a prominent factor controlling calcareous nannoplankton evolution and biogeographical distribution in the west European-Atlantic region.P20_00783 (Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innnovación)CGL2014-52546-P (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain)RNM-200 Research Group (Junta de Andalucía, Spain

Stratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the Valanginian (pro parte) from Loma Solana, Sierra de Quípar (External Subbetic, Cehegín, Murcia)

The stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and geochemistry (C stable isotopes and RSTE trace elements) of a succession of Valanginian age outcropping in Loma Solana (External Subbetic) is presented. The succession is composed of two local sections, one cropping out to the west of Cehegín (Murcia) and another in the Garranchal gorge, to the SSW of this locality. The lithology consists of marl and marlstone rhythmically interbedded, which is typical of the Carretero Fm of the Subbetic. The ammonite zones and subzones of the middle- late early Valanginian and the complete late Valanginian, except for the lattermost part, have been identified, without any evidence of stratigraphic discontinuity between the two local sections. The δ13C curve show a similar shape to those of the same age obtained in other basins and the positive excursion of the δ13C characterizing the Weissert episode of environmental change (EECWeissert) has been identified. The RSTE, redox sensitive trace elements, analyzed do not show any particular increase as is typical of anoxic events and consequently conclude that anoxia due not exist in this part of the Subbetic basin during this EECSe presenta el estudio estratigráfico, bioestratigráfico y geoquímico de una sucesión del Valanginiense que aflora en Loma Solana (Subbético Externo). Se trata de una sección compuesta de dos secciones parciales, una de ellas levantada al oeste de Cehegín (Murcia) y la otra en el barranco del Garranchal, al SSO de dicha localidad. La litología,margas y margocalizas en alternancia rítmica, es la típica de la Fm. Carretero, a la que corresponde. Se identifican las zonas y subzonas de ammonites de la parte media-alta del Valanginiense inferior y de todo el Valanginiense superior, excepto la parte más terminal del mismo, sin que se haya denotado discontinuidad alguna entre una sección y otra. La curva de valores de δ13C muestra una forma similar a la obtenida en otras cuencas para la misma edad y en ella se puede identificar la excursión positiva del δ13C que caracteriza el episodioWeissert de cambio ambiental. Los elementos traza analizados, sensibles a cambios en las condiciones redox del medio sedimentario (elementos RSTE), no indican que hubiera condiciones anóxicas en el mismo durante este episodio de cambio ambienta

Assessing orbital vs. volcanic control on carbon cycle during the Early Cretaceous

The interval from the Valanginian to the Barremian stages (137?121 Ma; Early Cretaceous) ispunctuated by several episodes of environmental changes, accompanied by shifts in weatheringintensity on the continents and changes in the Tethyan neritic carbonate production. Wesynthetize here the astrochronology of two recent studies performed in the Neuquén basin,Vocontian Basin and Subbetic Domain (Aguirre-Urreta et al., 2019; Martinez et al., 2020), anchoredto CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb ages, which conclusions have been included in the Geologic Time Scale 2020(Gale et al, in press). We applied this time scale to a compilation of carbon-isotope ratio frombelemnites and proxies of detrital supply in the Tethyan area (Vocontian Basin and SubbeticDomain). From this compilation, we show that the episodes of environmental changes are pacedby a 2.4-Myr cycle and, with a lower amplitude, a 1.2-Myr cycle. In addition, the new time scaleshows the synchronicity between the Weissert Event and the Parana-Etendeka Large IgneousProvince. In the series of carbon-isotope ratios measured on belemnite rostra, the amplitude ofthe 2.4-Myr cycle is twice higher during the Valanginian than in the Late Barremian and threetimes higher than in the Hauterivian and Early Barremian, suggesting that the activity of theParana-Etendeka Large Igneous Province amplified the initial orbital forcing to trigger theenvironmental changes observed during the Mid-Valanginian.Fil: Martinez, M.. Géosciences Rennes; FranciaFil: Aguirre Urreta, María Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Lescano, Marina Aurora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Dera, G.. Université Paul Sabatier; FranciaFil: Omarini, Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología; ArgentinaFil: Tunik, Maisa Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Frederichs, Tomas. Universitat Bremen; AlemaniaFil: Palike, Heiko. Université Paul Sabatier; FranciaFil: O'Dogherty, Luis. Universidad de Cádiz; EspañaFil: Aguado, Roque. Universidad de Jaén; EspañaFil: Company, Miguel. Universidad de Granada; EspañaFil: Sandoval, Jose. Universidad de Granada; EspañaEGU General Assembly 2021AlemaniaEuropean Geosciences Unio

Time-Dependent COVID-19 Mortality in Patients with Cancer: An Updated Analysis of the OnCovid Registry

Importance: Whether the severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with cancer have improved in terms of disease management and capacity is yet to be defined. Objective: To test whether severity and mortality from COVID-19 among patients with cancer have improved during the course of the pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants: OnCovid is a European registry that collects data on consecutive patients with solid or hematologic cancer and COVID-19. This multicenter case series study included real-world data from 35 institutions across 6 countries (UK, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium, and Germany). This update included patients diagnosed between February 27, 2020, and February, 14, 2021. Inclusion criteria were confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of solid or hematologic cancer. Exposures: SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main Outcomes and Measures: Deaths were differentiated at 14 days and 3 months as the 2 landmark end points. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared by stratifying patients across 5 phases (February to March 2020, April to June 2020, July to September 2020, October to December 2020, and January to February 2021) and across 2 major outbreaks (February to June 2020 and July 2020 to February 2021). Results: At data cutoff, 2795 consecutive patients were included, with 2634 patients eligible for analysis (median [IQR] age, 68 [18-77] years; 52.8% men). Eligible patients demonstrated significant time-dependent improvement in 14-day case-fatality rate (CFR) with estimates of 29.8% (95% CI, 0.26-0.33) for February to March 2020; 20.3% (95% CI, 0.17-0.23) for April to June 2020; 12.5% (95% CI, 0.06-22.90) for July to September 2020; 17.2% (95% CI, 0.15-0.21) for October to December 2020; and 14.5% (95% CI, 0.09-0.21) for January to February 2021 (all P <.001) across the predefined phases. Compared with the second major outbreak, patients diagnosed in the first outbreak were more likely to be 65 years or older (974 of 1626 [60.3%] vs 564 of 1008 [56.1%]; P =.03), have at least 2 comorbidities (793 of 1626 [48.8%] vs 427 of 1008 [42.4%]; P =.001), and have advanced tumors (708 of 1626 [46.4%] vs 536 of 1008 [56.1%]; P <.001). Complications of COVID-19 were more likely to be seen (738 of 1626 [45.4%] vs 342 of 1008 [33.9%]; P <.001) and require hospitalization (969 of 1626 [59.8%] vs 418 of 1008 [42.1%]; P <.001) and anti-COVID-19 therapy (1004 of 1626 [61.7%] vs 501 of 1008 [49.7%]; P <.001) during the first major outbreak. The 14-day CFRs for the first and second major outbreaks were 25.6% (95% CI, 0.23-0.28) vs 16.2% (95% CI, 0.13-0.19; P <.001), respectively. After adjusting for country, sex, age, comorbidities, tumor stage and status, anti-COVID-19 and anticancer therapy, and COVID-19 complications, patients diagnosed in the first outbreak had an increased risk of death at 14 days (hazard ratio [HR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.47-2.32) and 3 months (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.51) compared with those diagnosed in the second outbreak. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this registry-based study suggest that mortality in patients with cancer diagnosed with COVID-19 has improved in Europe; this improvement may be associated with earlier diagnosis, improved management, and dynamic changes in community transmission over time.

Astrochronology of the Barremian Stage: implications for the dynamics of the anoxic events in the Early Cretaceous

International audienceLarge uncertainties exist on the numerical ages of the stages in the Early Cretaceous which hamper from an accurate reconstruction of the past climate. Recent radio-astrochronologic data suggest to move the ages of the Tithonian to the Hauterivian stages by 3 to 5 Myr toward younger ages (Lena et al., 2019; Aguirre-Urreta et al., 2019). As the numerical ages in the Cenomanian are constrained with radio-astrochronology, this means that the duration of the Barremian to the Albian stages is overestimated. The duration of the Barremian Stage was estimated by bed counting on the assumption of a control by precession and eccentricity cycles (e.g., Bodin et al., 2006). The alternations and bundling can vanish leading to uncertainties in the duration estimates. Here, we provide an astrochronology from the eccentricity cycles based on spectral analyses performed on both magnetic susceptibility and calcium carbonate content series. Two sections are studied here in the Subbetic Domain (SE Spain). They are composed of marl-limestone alternations which reflect humid-arid cycles orbitally-driven. Detailed ammonite and calcareous nannofossil controls allow correlations with other sections in the basin and in the Tethyan Realm. The short and long-eccentricity cycles are identified throughout the Late Hauterivian to the earliest Aptian. The interval around the Hauterivian-Barremian boundary was recovered in a section previously studied for astrochronology and shows that the eccentricity cycles can be correlated to the sections studied here, validating the interpretations. From the record of the 405-kyr eccentricity cycle, the duration of the Barremian Stage is proposed at 4.25 ± 0.13 Myr. Anchoring this duration on previously obtained radio-astrochronology at the end of the Hauterivian, the Barremian Stage started at 125.91 ± 0.06 Ma and ended at 121.67 ± 0.11 Ma. The age of the latest Barremian agrees well with the age of the base of magnetochron M0r calculated from a synthesis of radiometric ages (Olierook et al., 2019). The Faraoni, Mid-Barremian and Taxy episodes show a pacing of 2.34 Myr, suggesting a strong orbital control on the expansion of oceanic anoxic conditions in the Tethys.References:Aguirre-Urreta, B., et al., 2019. Gondwana Res., 70, 104–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.01.006.Bodin, S., et al., 2006. Palaeo-3, 235, 245–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.09.030.Lena, L., et al., 2019. Solid Earth, 10, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1-2019.Olierook, H.K.H., et al., 2019. Earth-Sci. Rev., 197, 102906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102906

Orbital control of the anoxic events in the Hauterivian and Barremian stages

International audienc

Orbital control of the anoxic events in the Hauterivian andBarremian stages

National audienceEpisodes of Environmental Changes (EECs) correspond to reinforced greenhouseconditions associated to modifications of the carbon cycle that punctuated the EarlyCretaceous. From the latest Hauterivian to the Barremian, three EECs occurred (theFaraoni, Mid-Barremian and Taxy events). Despite the δ13Ccarb shows various trendsduring these events, they are all associated to short-lived geographic expansion oforganic-rich deposits in the western Tethys. We propose here an astronomicalcalibration of the latest Hauterivian-earliest Aptian from the Subbetic Domain (SESpain) to better constrain the pacing of these events and understand their forcingmechanisms. The sedimentary series studied are composed of orbitally-forcedhemipelagic marl-limestone alternations. Magnetic susceptibility was measured every 7cm using a Kappabridge KLY-3. Spectral analyses revealed the pervasive presence ofthe eccentricity cycles. Interpretations are notably validated by lithostratigraphic andbiostratigraphic correlations between the sections. The duration of the BarremianStage is calculated at 4.25 ± 0.17 Ma. Anchoring this duration to recently publishedradio- astrochronological time scales, the base of the Barremian Stage is dated at 125.91± 0.06 Ma and the top of the Barremian Stage at 121.67 ± 0.16 Ma. The EECs of thelatest Hauterivian and Barremian stages show a pacing of 2.34 Myr, suggesting acontrol of the long eccentricity cycle on the expansion of oceanic anoxic conditions inthe Tethys through changes in humid/arid cycle, weathering, sea level and fertilizationof the sea surface

Magnetic susceptibility and CaCO3 content from Arroyo Gilico and Barranco de Cavila sections (Barremian, Early Cretaceous; Subbetic Domain, Southeast Spain)

The data of two sections studied in the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) of the Subbetic Domain (SE Spain) are shown here together with a detailed log showing the bed number and the biostratigraphic scheme. The samples were collected with a geologist hammer in May 2016. The average sample distance is 0.07 m and was kept as constant as possible using a Jacob's staff to ensure the detection of all the Milankovitch cycles applying Fast Fourier Transforms and related methods (e.g. multi-taper). The lithology is composed of marl-limestone alternations deposited in a (hemi-)pelagic setting. Observed fauna is composed of ammonites, radiolarians, foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils and scarce belemnites, bivalves, gastropods, brachiopods and irregular echinoids. The biostratigraphy scheme is provided in the detailed logs and is based on Tethyan ammonite and calcareous nannofossils. The two sections studied are Arroyo Gilico section (38°9'35'' N; 1°40'41'' W; the interval studied covers from the Late Hauterivian (Balearis Zone) to the Late Barremian (Vandenheckii Zone)) and Barranco de Cavila section (38°3'10'' N; 1°53'20'' W; the interval studied covers from the Late Barremian (Vandenheckii Zone) to the Early Aptian (Forbesi Zone)).Magnetic susceptibility was measured with a KLY-3 and calcium carbonate content was measured following the volumetric method using the automatic calcimeter Dream Electroniqu

Integrated astrochronology of the Barremian Stage (Early Cretaceous) and its biostratigraphic subdivisions

International audienceThe ages and durations of the stages in the Early Cretaceous commonly show discrepancies of several million years when the Geologic Time Scale (2020) from the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS) and recently published radio-astrochronologic data are compared. Here, we provide an astronomical time scale for the Barremian Stage and its subdivisions based on spectral analyses performed on magnetic susceptibility and calcium carbonate content series in two sections studied located in the Subbetic Domain of southeastern Spain. The sections are tied to Tethyan ammonite and calcareous nannofossil zones, allowing detailed correlations with other sections in the Subbetic Domain and other basins in the Tethyan Realm. Eccentricity cycles are observed throughout the series and can be correlated with the eccentricity cycles observed in other sections in the Subbetic Domain, showing that the results are reproducible. Based on the number of 405-kyr eccentricity cycles in the study interval, and considering uncertainties linked to variations in the sedimentation rates within an eccentricity cycle, the duration of the Barremian Stage is calculated at 4.58−0.29+0.15 Myr. From the astronomical time scale proposed here, together with recently published radio-astrochronological studies, the base of the Barremian Stage is dated at 125.98 ± 0.21 Ma and the top at 121.40 ± 0.34 Ma. The age of the Barremian/Aptian boundary differs from the ICS Geologic Time Scale 2020 by 3.6 Myr, but fits with the age of the base of magnetochron M0r recently deduced from a synthesis of radiochronologic data. The episodes of environmental change of the late Hauterivian–Barremian show an average pacing of 2.2 Myr, suggesting an orbital control on the expansion of oceanic anoxic conditions in the Tethys