72 research outputs found
Delirium in HIV-infected patients admitted to acute medical wards post universal access to antiretrovirals in South Africa
Background. Delirium is associated with increased mortality and length of hospital stay. Limited data are available from HIV-infected acute hospital admissions in developing countries. We conducted a prospective study of delirium among acute medical admissions in South Africa (SA), a developing country with universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) access and high burdens of tuberculosis (TB) and non-communicable disease.Objectives. To identify the prevalence of, risk factors for and outcomes of delirium in HIV-infected individuals in acute general medical admissions.Methods. Three cohorts of adult acute medical admissions to Groote Schuur and Victoria Wynberg hospitals, Cape Town, SA, were evaluated for prevalent delirium within 24 hours of admission. Reference delirium testing was performed by either consultant physicians or neuropsychologists, using the Confusion Assessment Method.Results. The study included 1 182 acute medical admissions, with 318 (26.9%) HIV-infected. The median (interquartile range) age and CD4 count were 35 (30 - 43) years and 132 (61 - 256) cells/µL, respectively, with 140/318 (44.0%) using ART on admission. The prevalence of delirium was 17.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13.7 - 22.1) among HIV-infected patients, and delirium was associated with increased inpatient mortality. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors associated with delirium were age ≥55 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.95 (95% CI 2.03 - 23.67); p=0.002), and urea ≥15 mmol/L (aOR 4.83 (95% CI 1.7 - 13.44); p=0.003), while ART use reduced risk (p=0.014). A low CD4 count, an unsuppressed viral load and active TB were not predictors of delirium; nor were other previously reported risk factors such as non-opportunistic acute infections or polypharmacy.Conclusions. Delirium is common and is associated with increased mortality in HIV-infected acute medical admissions in endemic settings, despite increased ART use. Older HIV-infected patients with renal dysfunction are at increased risk for inpatient delirium, while those using ART on admission have a reduced risk
Blood lead concentrations in free-ranging Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) from South Africa
Generally crocodilians have received little attention with regard to the effects of lead
toxicity despite their trophic status as apex, generalist predators that utilize both aquatic
and terrestrial habitats, thereby exposing them to a potentially wide range of environmental
contaminants. During July–October 2010 we collected whole blood from 34 sub-adult and
adult free-ranging Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) from three separate populations in
northeastern South Africa in order to analyze their blood lead concentrations (BPb).
Concentrations ranged from below detectability (<3 μg/dL, n = 8) to 960 μg/dL for an adult
male at the Lake St Lucia Estuary. Blood lead concentrations averaged 8.15 μg/dL (SD = 7.47)
for females and 98.10 μg/dL (SD = 217.42) for males. Eighteen individuals (53 %) had
elevated BPbs (≥10 μg/dL). We assessed 12 general linear models using Akaike’s Information
Criterion (AIC) and found no significant statistical effects among the parameters of sex,
crocodile size and population sampled. On average, crocodiles had higher BPbs at Lake St
Lucia than at Ndumo Game Reserve or Kosi Bay, which we attribute to lead sinker ingestion
during normal gastrolith acquisition. No clinical effects of lead toxicosis were observed in
these crocodiles, even though the highest concentration (960 μg/dL) we report represents
the most elevated BPb recorded to date for a free-ranging vertebrate. Although we suggest
adult Nile crocodiles are likely tolerant of elevated Pb body burdens, experimental studies
on other crocodilian species suggest the BPb levels reported here may have harmful or fatal
effects to egg development and hatchling health. In light of recent Nile crocodile nesting
declines in South Africa we urge further BPb monitoring and ecotoxicology research on
reproductive females and embryos.The Ford Wildlife Foundation and the South African Water Research Commission.http://link.springer.com/journal/106462017-07-31hb2017Paraclinical Science
High prevalence of hookah smoking among secondary school students in a disadvantaged community in Johannesburg
Smoking of hookahs (also known as water-pipes) represents an emerging trend in tobacco use. Hookah smokers are at risk for the same diseases caused by cigarette smoking – cancer, respiratory and heart diseases, and pregnancy-related complications. Globally, the highest rates occur in the North African and East Mediterranean regions and among young people in the USA and European countries. There has been little research on hookah smoking in southern Africa
Current conservation status of the Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea Sundevall 1850 in Africa
The global Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea was classified as Vulnerable in 2010 on account of its small and rapidly declining
population estimated at less than 1 500 pairs. We undertook this study to gain a better understanding of the current status and
threats facing this migratory species. Three previously unknown areas that might be part of the species’ non-breeding range
were identified in Kenya and northern Tanzania. Within its breeding range we identified three previously unknown areas of
potentially suitable habitat, one in Tanzania and two in Malawi, which require further exploration. Population viability
assessment predicted that the Blue Swallow population will decline by 8% in 10 years. The overall probability of extinction of the
species in the wild is 3%. Minimum viable population size analysis suggests that a goal for the long-term conservation of the Blue
Swallow should be to mitigate current threats that are driving declines such that the population increases to a minimum of 3 600
individuals. This should consist of at least 900 individuals in each of the four clusters identified, along with a minimum of 500
individuals in at least one of the meta-populations per cluster. The four clusters are located in (1) the southeasten Democratic
Republic of the Congo, (2) highlands of southern Tanzania and northern Malawi, (3) eastern highlands of Zimbabwe and (4) South
Africa and Swaziland. The current proportions of the Blue Swallow population in strictly protected and unprotected areas on
their breeding grounds are 53% and 47%, respectively, whereas on their non-breeding grounds the corresponding percentages
are 25% and 75%, respectively. Our reassessment of the Blue Swallow’s risk of extinction indicates that it continues to qualify as
Vulnerable according to the IUCN/SSC criteria C2a(i).http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tost202016-09-30hb2016Zoology and Entomolog
Hubungan Antara Perhatian Orangtua Dan Hasil Belajar Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Integratif Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri Kembangarum 2 Mranggen Demak
More less the studying result of students in 4th SD Negeri Kembangarum 2 Mranggen that influences some aspects, one of aspects is her parents?óÔé¼Ôäó not careless with them. Parents?óÔé¼Ôäó is constitute the?é?á first educator for children so that her parents?óÔé¼Ôäó has have responsibility to the studying result her children. The problem in this research contents is about Is there any correlation between of parents?óÔé¼Ôäó attention and the study result for thematic integrative learning in 4th SD Negeri Kembangarum 2 Mranggen Demak?. The hypothesis is that there is positive and significant correlation between of parents?óÔé¼Ôäó attention and the study result for thematic integrative learning in 4th SD Negeri Kembangarum 2 Mranggen Demak. The kind of this research is quantitative research. This research use correlation methode and submited the data use questionnaire and test. The colected data are analysed using product moment formula. The finding is that > on significancy level of 0,05. So the?é?á conclusion is there is positive and significant correlation between of parents?óÔé¼Ôäó attention and the study result for thematic integrative learning in 4th SD Negeri Kembangarum 2 Mranggen Demak
Data for: Rifamycin derivatives active against pathogenic rapidly-growing mycobacteria
MIC and Zone of inhibition data for a series of C25 Carbamate derivatives against a panel of clinical isolates of RGM including Mycobacterium abscessu
Data for: Rifamycin derivatives active against pathogenic rapidly-growing mycobacteria
MIC and Zone of inhibition data for a series of C25 Carbamate derivatives against a panel of clinical isolates of RGM including Mycobacterium abscessusTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV
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