De la gaditana Eloísa D'Herbil a la almeriense Remedios Martínez Moreno: siete mujeres andaluzas dedicadas a la música en la época de la Restauración

Entre todas las manifestaciones artísticas, la música fue, a lo largo de todo el siglo XIX y principios del XX, la que con mayor frecuencia cultivó el género femenino, que tuvo en la interpretación de determinados instrumentos solistas un medio extraordinariamente útil para desarrollarse, evadirse y, al tiempo, lograr un mejor matrimonio. No obstante, hubo mujeres que alcanzaron una sobresaliente maestría en el arte musical, que las llevó a destacarse entre sus contemporáneos y a dedicarse profesionalmente a la docencia y la interpretación, codeándose como iguales con sus homólogos masculinos. En Andalucía, sus nombres fueron recogidos por el mayor y mejor compilador y divulgador de la cultura andaluza hasta la fecha, Francisco Cuenca Benet (Adra, 1872 – La Habana, 1943), en su obra Galería de músicos andaluces contemporáneos (La Habana, 1927). Mi trabajo presenta por primera vez a las andaluzas que más destacaron como intérpretes instrumentales a lo largo del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, señalando los méritos y valores profesionales y artísticos que las hicieron ser reconocidas por sus contemporáneos y recuperando sus nombres y sus trayectorias, hoy prácticamente desconocidas o silenciadas

La necrópolis de Los Algarbes (Tarifa, Cádiz). Una propuesta de aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías para su conservación y difusión

Este trabajo plantea la necesaria aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías1 al campo de la arqueología basándose en el ejemplo de la necrópolis de cuevas artificiales de Los Algarbes (Tarifa, Cadiz). Para llevar a cabo los trabajos de virtualización se comenzará por realizar un informe detallado del yacimiento con el que se buscará la creación de una base científica sobre la que realizar la recreación del mismo para, posteriormente, centrarnos en trabajos de conservación, difusión y catalogación relacionados con la Estructura 14 de dicho yacimiento de acuerdo con lo estipulado en Los Principios de Sevilla

Al margen de la «sagrada misión femenina»: dos historias de vida para ilustrar las nuevas relaciones entre mujer y música en la España del siglo XX

La Guerra Civil (1936-1939) y la posterior dictadura Franquista supuso uno de los peores momentos históricos y sociales para la historia reciente de España. Dentro de este contexto, la mujer se vio restringida al ámbito de lo privado, convirtiéndose en depositaria de los valores morales y sociales del régimen totalitario y encontrando en la música un medio extraordinariamente útil para su desarrollo social y profesional. El presente estudio, utilizando dos historias de vida, aspira a llamar la atención sobre las trayectorias vitales y profesionales de dos féminas que, comenzando su educación musical en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX o en las primeras del siglo XX, consiguieron ocupar puestos de relevancia en diferentes ámbitos educativos y artísticos. Las conclusiones obtenidas subrayan la importante labor que realizaron y las puertas que abrieron a las de su género

PXRD and PDF analysis of multifunctional lanthanide nitrilotris-methylphosphonate-based proton conductors

Metal phosphonates are multifunctional solids which possess tunable properties, such as H-bond networks, while exhibiting high chemical and thermal stability. Depending on the protonation of the ligand, different crystalline phases can be obtained. Here, we report three different families of proton conductors based on lanthanide nitrilotrismethylphosphonates. Compounds having cationic layers compensate by chloride or sulfate anions were isolated: [Ln(H4NMP)(H2O)2]Cl·2H2O and Ln(H5NMP)]·SO4·4H2O [H6NMP = nitrilotris(methylphosphonic acid)]. The crystal structure of Gd-(H5NMP)]·SO4·4H2O was solved ab initio from synchrotron powder diffraction data (λ=0.4124 Å, beamline BL04-MSPD ALBA) and refined by the Rietveld method. Chloride containing phases show two irreversible solid state transformations take place: (1) a crystalline-to-crystalline phase transition, {Ln-H4NMP → [Ln2(H3NMP)2(H2O)4]·4.5H2O for Ln= La, Pr}, and (2) crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition, {LnH4NMP → [Ln(H3NMP)]·1.5H2O for Ln= Gd - Ho}, both implies the loss of HCl and structural rearrangements of the frameworks. Variations in average and local structure have been monitored by high resolution powder diffraction and PDF analysis, upon exposure the samples at high relative humidity and temperature (95% RH and 80 ºC), in order to understand their behavior as proton conductors.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Panchromatic Porous Specular Back Reflectors for Efficient Transparent Dye Solar Cells

6 páginas, 4 figuras, 1 tablaA panchromatic specular reflector based dye solar cell is herein presented. Photovoltaic performance of this novel design is compared to that of cells in which standard diffuse scattering layers are integrated. The capability of the proposed multilayer structures to both emulate the broad band reflection of diffuse scattering layers of standard thickness (around 5 microns) and give rise to similarly high light harvesting and power conversion efficiencies, yet preserving the transparency of the device, is demonstrated. Such white light reflectors are comprised of stacks of different porous optical multilayers, each one displaying a strong reflection at a complementary spectral range, and are designed to leave transmittance unaltered in a narrow red-frequency range at which the sensitized electrode shows negligible absorption, thus allowing to see through the cell. The reflectance bandwidth achieved is three times as broad as the largest previously achieved with any photonic structure integrated in a dye solar cell.The research leading to these results has received funding from 55 the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement n° 307081 (POLIGHT), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under grants MAT2011-23593 and CONSOLIDER HOPE CSD2007-00007, and the Junta de 60 Andalucía under grants FQM3579 and FQM5247.The authors also thank the Unit of Information Resources for Research of the Spanish National Research Council (URICI-CSIC) for the co-financing of this publication in Open Access.Peer reviewe

Proton conductivity of lanthanide nitrilotris-methylphosphonates

Multifunctional metal phosphonates are acidic coordination polymers (CPs) with remarkable stability and proton conducting properties owing to their structure is usually composed of extended hydrogen-bond networks that favor proton transfer pathways [1]. In this communication, three different families of proton conductors based on lanthanide nitrilotris-methylphosphonates are examined. Compounds were isolated by crystallization at room temperature at pH <0.8 in the presence of. When chloride is presented in solution two families of compounds were isolated, depending on the concentration of chloride in solution: free-chloride 1D solids with formula Ln2(H3NMP)2(H2O)4]·4.5H2O [Ln= La3+] [2] or layered chloride-containing Ln(H4NMP)(H2O)2]Cl·2H2O [Ln= La3+ - Ho3+] materials [3]. In absence of chloride, a third series of compounds was obtained. This structural versatility leads to a wide range of proton conductivity varying between 3 × 10−4 S·cm−1 and 2 × 10−3 S·cm−1 as measured at 80 °C and 95% RH.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Photon Management in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Peer Reviewe

Structural study of the local order in ammonia-modulated FE(II) hydroxyphosphonoacetate proton conductors

Layered Fe(II) carboxiphosphonate, Fe-HPAA·2H2O, is a crystalline multifunctional coordination polymer exhibiting properties as photocatalyst and proton conductor. Postsynthesis modification by ammonia/water adsorption strongly enhances its proton conductivity. However, this process entails a progressive amorphization but in no case intercalation of the guest species was detected. Understanding the mechanism involved in this increased conductivity is crucial to develop novel high performance proton conductors for PEMFCs. Thus, total scattering and PDF study has been carried out to explore the mechanism of ammonia adsorption and subsequent amorphization. Different lenght scales have been investigated to characterize the average and local structure at variable ammonia loaded in order to ascertain posible structural modifications after gas/solid reactions. While significant short range order (from 1.4 to 10 Å) variations were observed even for low loadings, the average structure seems to be basically preserved except for the highest ammonia/water contents.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Role of the hepatoprotective citoquine cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) in macrophages polarization

Motivation: Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a member of the interleukine-6 (IL-6) family, which signals through gp130/leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR). Signal transduction via gp130 involves three major downstream pathways: the STAT-3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3), the ERK and the AKT pathways, all of them described as antiapoptotics. CT-1 has been described as hepatoprotective.However, the role of cardiotrophine in inflammation is a non-well studied process. Whenever an inflammation occurs, macrophages are the first cells of the inmune system to respond. These, in respond to various enviromental cues or under different pathophysiologic conditions, can aquire distinct functional phenotypes via by undergoing different phenotypic polarization. Macrophages M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (antiinflammatory) are two well- separated groups, which describe opposing activities of killing and repairing, respectively. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of CT-1 in macrophages polarization.Methods: To analyze the macrophages polarization into M1 or M2, different proinflammatories and antiinflammatories genes expression were measured, as well as the pathways involved, using molecular biology techniques, such as quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western Blots.Results: 1. In vivo model: a septic shock was induced to mice through a LPS injection. By analysis of the expression of proinflammatories genes in hepatic samples, we observed that pretreated mice with CT-1, showed a decrease on the levels of genes expression involved in proinflammation or M1, such as TNFα, IL1β and IL12p40.2. In vitro model: macrophages polarization into M1 or M2 was induced by using LPS or IL4 respectively. The analysis of pro and antiinflammatories genes expression, showed us that pretreated macrophages with CT-1 had some modifications in the level of genes expression when compared with those non-treated. M1 genes expression diminished in relation to non-treated. On the other hand, M2 genes expression augmented with respect to non-treated. Interestingly, CT-1 can't modify these expression genes by itself.Conclusions:1. CT-1 modulates inflammatory response against LPS, by reducing proinflammatories cytokines within an in vivo model.2. CT-1 modifies macrophage polarization into M1 or M2 induced by LPS or IL4, reducing proinflammatories cytokines and promoting antiinflammatories, but, interestingly, is not able to polarize macrophages by itself

Psicologia Evolutiva de 0 a 3 anys: manual de pràctiques

Aquest quadern de pràctiques de Psicologia Evolutiva de 0 a 3 anys permet el seguiment de les sessions pràctiques de les materies d'esta àrea. Inclou fitxes i casos pràctics amb les indicacions necessàries per a gestionar el procès d'ensenyament-aprenentatge de manera eficaç per al docent i els alumnes.Servei de Política Lingüística, Universitat d'Alacant; Conselleria d'Educació