34 research outputs found

    Conduite alimentaire de la jument en lactation au pĂąturage : influence sur l'ingestion, la couverture des besoins et l'Ă©tat parasitaire

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    Sustainable horse breeding requires increasing the proportion of herbage in horse diet without affecting animal performance. Horses with high requirements such as lactating mares are commonly supplemented at pasture, while the consequences of energy supplementation on intake and performance remain unknown. Another priority is to identify alternatives to chemical anthelmintic for gastro-intestinal parasite management in order to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance and the dumping of pharmaceutical residues into the environment. A first experiment showed that supplementing lactating mares at pasture should not be systematic because, under non-limiting conditions, their adaptive capacities enabled them to increase herbage intake up to 28 g DM.kg LW -1 .d -1 and ensure foal growth. In addition, energy supplementation did not allow mares to better regulate their parasite burden. A second experiment allowed us to precise the herbage allowance threshold below which energy supplementation is required. Under strip-grazing conditions it was estimated at 66 g DM.kg LW -1 .d -1 , which corresponds to a post-grazing height of 5.4 cm using sward stick. A third experiment has revealed the potential of secondary metabolites of sainfoin to reduce the nematode larval development, while no effect was observed with a short-term protein supplementation. These original results have practical implications for a better management of lactating saddle mares at pasture.Un des enjeux relatifs Ă  la durabilitĂ© des Ă©levages Ă©quins est d’accroĂźtre la part de l’herbe dans l’alimentation sans compromettre les performances animales. Les chevaux Ă  forts besoins, comme la jument en lactation, sont en effet couramment complĂ©mentĂ©s au pĂąturage alors mĂȘme que l’impact de la complĂ©mentation sur leur ingestion et leurs performances n’est pas connu. Un second enjeu est d’identifier des solutions alternatives aux anthelminthiques pour gĂ©rer leurs parasites gastro-intestinaux en Ă©vitant le dĂ©veloppement de rĂ©sistances et le rejet de molĂ©cules toxiques dans l’environnement. Notre premiĂšre expĂ©rimentation a montrĂ© qu’en conditions de pĂąturage non limitantes, la complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique n’était pas indispensable. Les juments en lactation non complĂ©mentĂ©es ont accru leurs quantitĂ©s ingĂ©rĂ©es journaliĂšres jusqu’à 28 g MS.kg PV -1 .j -1 , un niveau d’ingestion permettant de satisfaire leurs besoins Ă©nergĂ©tiques. La croissance des poulains et leur conformation n’ont donc pas Ă©tĂ© affectĂ©es par l’absence de complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique, celle-ci n’ayant par ailleurs pas permis aux juments de mieux rĂ©guler leur charge parasitaire. La deuxiĂšme expĂ©rimentation, a permis de prĂ©ciser le seuil en deçà duquel la complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique devient nĂ©cessaire pour couvrir les besoins de la jument en lactation. Pour un pĂąturage au fil de repousses vĂ©gĂ©tatives celui-ci a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ© Ă  66 g MS.kg PV-1.j -1 , ce qui correspond Ă  une hauteur de sortie de parcelle Ă  5,4 cm au stick, soit 4,5 cm Ă  l’herbomĂštre Ă  plateau. Enfin, la troisiĂšme expĂ©rimentation en box a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence l’efficacitĂ© d’une distribution de courte durĂ©e de sainfoin, une lĂ©gumineuse riche en tanins condensĂ©s, pour rĂ©duire le dĂ©veloppement des Ɠufs de nĂ©matodes en larves infestantes ; une complĂ©mentation azotĂ©e « simple » s’est en revanche rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e inefficace. L’ensemble de ces rĂ©sultats ouvre des perspectives pour optimiser la conduite alimentaire de la jument en lactation au pĂąturage

    Workshop on Stakeholder Engagement Strategy (WKSHOES)

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    The ICES Workshop on Stakeholder Engagement Strategy (WKSHOES) met online 22-24 June 2021 with the objective to organize the background information needed for SCICOM and ACOM to develop a formal ICES Stakeholder Engagement Strategy. Stakeholder engagement has taken an increasingly important role in ICES. There was a strong consensus in the workshop that stakeholder engagement is essential to ICES’ work, as has been captured by the most recent ICES Strategic, Science, and Advisory Plans. The question is how to do it best. While WKSHOES recognized the essential nature of stakeholder engagement for addressing environmental challenges, understanding human impacts and values, the group discussed the valid concern that if stakeholder engagement is done incorrectly, it could compromise the perceived objectivity of ICES science and its independence. Workshop participants challenged the idea of objective or “pure” science, but also recognized the practical need to have ICES advice be transparent and science-based. Participants also understand that when providing advice, tradeoffs have to be made that are informed by the different weights that stakeholders place on various management objectives. A key question related to a potential stakeholder engagement strategy is “Who is a stakeholder?” This report discusses several definitions and roles. A central challenge for ICES is recognizing that the network of stakeholders is a subset of the people impacted by ICES science and advice. The Stakeholder Engagement Strategy should therefore primarily focus on ensuring that people who are part of the ICES network have clear roles and responsibilities and that ICES performs its work fairly and transparently. However, participants also recognize the need to increase opportunities for diverse resource users and citizens to have clear avenues to engage with the different aspects of the ICES network. Considering and promoting diversity and inclusion and avoiding implicit bias are crucial in this process. It is also essential to define clear goals for stakeholder engagement in general, and tangible objectives for each engagement activity in particular. Engagement objectives already formulated in various ICES documents are outlined in this report, as well as recommendations for guiding principles that provide the overarching frame of reference for engagement. This Report serves as the primary output from WKSHOES, and represents the knowledge and opinions of workshop participants. WKSHOES recommends that in order to both complete the development of the strategy and conduct successful stakeholder engagement about it, a suite of communication activities is needed that should best be coordinated from a central contact point within ICES. WKSHOES recommends that after ACOM and SCICOM draft the strategy and obtain input from the ICES Council, a diversity of stakeholders should be invited to provide input on the WKSHOES report and the development of the Engagement Strategy. ICES should solicit input from stakeholders by early 2022 to agree on the contents of the Strategy and how it will be implemented. WKSHOES also recommends that a future Expert Group address the ongoing need to develop and communicate effective stakeholder engagement methods within the ICES network.Peer reviewe

    Feeding management of the lactating mare at pasture : influence on intake, nutritional balance and parasitism

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    Un des enjeux relatifs Ă  la durabilitĂ© des Ă©levages Ă©quins est d’accroĂźtre la part de l’herbe dans l’alimentation sans compromettre les performances animales. Les chevaux Ă  forts besoins, comme la jument en lactation, sont en effet couramment complĂ©mentĂ©s au pĂąturage alors mĂȘme que l’impact de la complĂ©mentation sur leur ingestion et leurs performances n’est pas connu. Un second enjeu est d’identifier des solutions alternatives aux anthelminthiques pour gĂ©rer leurs parasites gastro-intestinaux en Ă©vitant le dĂ©veloppement de rĂ©sistances et le rejet de molĂ©cules toxiques dans l’environnement. Notre premiĂšre expĂ©rimentation a montrĂ© qu’en conditions de pĂąturage non limitantes, la complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique n’était pas indispensable. Les juments en lactation non complĂ©mentĂ©es ont accru leurs quantitĂ©s ingĂ©rĂ©es journaliĂšres jusqu’à 28 g MS.kg PV -1 .j -1 , un niveau d’ingestion permettant de satisfaire leurs besoins Ă©nergĂ©tiques. La croissance des poulains et leur conformation n’ont donc pas Ă©tĂ© affectĂ©es par l’absence de complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique, celle-ci n’ayant par ailleurs pas permis aux juments de mieux rĂ©guler leur charge parasitaire. La deuxiĂšme expĂ©rimentation, a permis de prĂ©ciser le seuil en deçà duquel la complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique devient nĂ©cessaire pour couvrir les besoins de la jument en lactation. Pour un pĂąturage au fil de repousses vĂ©gĂ©tatives celui-ci a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ© Ă  66 g MS.kg PV-1.j -1 , ce qui correspond Ă  une hauteur de sortie de parcelle Ă  5,4 cm au stick, soit 4,5 cm Ă  l’herbomĂštre Ă  plateau. Enfin, la troisiĂšme expĂ©rimentation en box a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence l’efficacitĂ© d’une distribution de courte durĂ©e de sainfoin, une lĂ©gumineuse riche en tanins condensĂ©s, pour rĂ©duire le dĂ©veloppement des Ɠufs de nĂ©matodes en larves infestantes ; une complĂ©mentation azotĂ©e « simple » s’est en revanche rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e inefficace. L’ensemble de ces rĂ©sultats ouvre des perspectives pour optimiser la conduite alimentaire de la jument en lactation au pĂąturage.Sustainable horse breeding requires increasing the proportion of herbage in horse diet without affecting animal performance. Horses with high requirements such as lactating mares are commonly supplemented at pasture, while the consequences of energy supplementation on intake and performance remain unknown. Another priority is to identify alternatives to chemical anthelmintic for gastro-intestinal parasite management in order to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance and the dumping of pharmaceutical residues into the environment. A first experiment showed that supplementing lactating mares at pasture should not be systematic because, under non-limiting conditions, their adaptive capacities enabled them to increase herbage intake up to 28 g DM.kg LW -1 .d -1 and ensure foal growth. In addition, energy supplementation did not allow mares to better regulate their parasite burden. A second experiment allowed us to precise the herbage allowance threshold below which energy supplementation is required. Under strip-grazing conditions it was estimated at 66 g DM.kg LW -1 .d -1 , which corresponds to a post-grazing height of 5.4 cm using sward stick. A third experiment has revealed the potential of secondary metabolites of sainfoin to reduce the nematode larval development, while no effect was observed with a short-term protein supplementation. These original results have practical implications for a better management of lactating saddle mares at pasture

    Feeding management of the lactating mare at pasture : influence on intake, nutritional balance and parasitism

    No full text
    Un des enjeux relatifs Ă  la durabilitĂ© des Ă©levages Ă©quins est d’accroĂźtre la part de l’herbe dans l’alimentation sans compromettre les performances animales. Les chevaux Ă  forts besoins, comme la jument en lactation, sont en effet couramment complĂ©mentĂ©s au pĂąturage alors mĂȘme que l’impact de la complĂ©mentation sur leur ingestion et leurs performances n’est pas connu. Un second enjeu est d’identifier des solutions alternatives aux anthelminthiques pour gĂ©rer leurs parasites gastro-intestinaux en Ă©vitant le dĂ©veloppement de rĂ©sistances et le rejet de molĂ©cules toxiques dans l’environnement. Notre premiĂšre expĂ©rimentation a montrĂ© qu’en conditions de pĂąturage non limitantes, la complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique n’était pas indispensable. Les juments en lactation non complĂ©mentĂ©es ont accru leurs quantitĂ©s ingĂ©rĂ©es journaliĂšres jusqu’à 28 g MS.kg PV -1 .j -1 , un niveau d’ingestion permettant de satisfaire leurs besoins Ă©nergĂ©tiques. La croissance des poulains et leur conformation n’ont donc pas Ă©tĂ© affectĂ©es par l’absence de complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique, celle-ci n’ayant par ailleurs pas permis aux juments de mieux rĂ©guler leur charge parasitaire. La deuxiĂšme expĂ©rimentation, a permis de prĂ©ciser le seuil en deçà duquel la complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique devient nĂ©cessaire pour couvrir les besoins de la jument en lactation. Pour un pĂąturage au fil de repousses vĂ©gĂ©tatives celui-ci a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ© Ă  66 g MS.kg PV-1.j -1 , ce qui correspond Ă  une hauteur de sortie de parcelle Ă  5,4 cm au stick, soit 4,5 cm Ă  l’herbomĂštre Ă  plateau. Enfin, la troisiĂšme expĂ©rimentation en box a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence l’efficacitĂ© d’une distribution de courte durĂ©e de sainfoin, une lĂ©gumineuse riche en tanins condensĂ©s, pour rĂ©duire le dĂ©veloppement des Ɠufs de nĂ©matodes en larves infestantes ; une complĂ©mentation azotĂ©e « simple » s’est en revanche rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e inefficace. L’ensemble de ces rĂ©sultats ouvre des perspectives pour optimiser la conduite alimentaire de la jument en lactation au pĂąturage.Sustainable horse breeding requires increasing the proportion of herbage in horse diet without affecting animal performance. Horses with high requirements such as lactating mares are commonly supplemented at pasture, while the consequences of energy supplementation on intake and performance remain unknown. Another priority is to identify alternatives to chemical anthelmintic for gastro-intestinal parasite management in order to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance and the dumping of pharmaceutical residues into the environment. A first experiment showed that supplementing lactating mares at pasture should not be systematic because, under non-limiting conditions, their adaptive capacities enabled them to increase herbage intake up to 28 g DM.kg LW -1 .d -1 and ensure foal growth. In addition, energy supplementation did not allow mares to better regulate their parasite burden. A second experiment allowed us to precise the herbage allowance threshold below which energy supplementation is required. Under strip-grazing conditions it was estimated at 66 g DM.kg LW -1 .d -1 , which corresponds to a post-grazing height of 5.4 cm using sward stick. A third experiment has revealed the potential of secondary metabolites of sainfoin to reduce the nematode larval development, while no effect was observed with a short-term protein supplementation. These original results have practical implications for a better management of lactating saddle mares at pasture

    Conduite alimentaire de la jument en lactation au pĂąturage : influence sur l'ingestion, la couverture des besoins et l'Ă©tat parasitaire

    No full text
    Sustainable horse breeding requires increasing the proportion of herbage in horse diet without affecting animal performance. Horses with high requirements such as lactating mares are commonly supplemented at pasture, while the consequences of energy supplementation on intake and performance remain unknown. Another priority is to identify alternatives to chemical anthelmintic for gastro-intestinal parasite management in order to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance and the dumping of pharmaceutical residues into the environment. A first experiment showed that supplementing lactating mares at pasture should not be systematic because, under non-limiting conditions, their adaptive capacities enabled them to increase herbage intake up to 28 g DM.kg LW -1 .d -1 and ensure foal growth. In addition, energy supplementation did not allow mares to better regulate their parasite burden. A second experiment allowed us to precise the herbage allowance threshold below which energy supplementation is required. Under strip-grazing conditions it was estimated at 66 g DM.kg LW -1 .d -1 , which corresponds to a post-grazing height of 5.4 cm using sward stick. A third experiment has revealed the potential of secondary metabolites of sainfoin to reduce the nematode larval development, while no effect was observed with a short-term protein supplementation. These original results have practical implications for a better management of lactating saddle mares at pasture.Un des enjeux relatifs Ă  la durabilitĂ© des Ă©levages Ă©quins est d’accroĂźtre la part de l’herbe dans l’alimentation sans compromettre les performances animales. Les chevaux Ă  forts besoins, comme la jument en lactation, sont en effet couramment complĂ©mentĂ©s au pĂąturage alors mĂȘme que l’impact de la complĂ©mentation sur leur ingestion et leurs performances n’est pas connu. Un second enjeu est d’identifier des solutions alternatives aux anthelminthiques pour gĂ©rer leurs parasites gastro-intestinaux en Ă©vitant le dĂ©veloppement de rĂ©sistances et le rejet de molĂ©cules toxiques dans l’environnement. Notre premiĂšre expĂ©rimentation a montrĂ© qu’en conditions de pĂąturage non limitantes, la complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique n’était pas indispensable. Les juments en lactation non complĂ©mentĂ©es ont accru leurs quantitĂ©s ingĂ©rĂ©es journaliĂšres jusqu’à 28 g MS.kg PV -1 .j -1 , un niveau d’ingestion permettant de satisfaire leurs besoins Ă©nergĂ©tiques. La croissance des poulains et leur conformation n’ont donc pas Ă©tĂ© affectĂ©es par l’absence de complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique, celle-ci n’ayant par ailleurs pas permis aux juments de mieux rĂ©guler leur charge parasitaire. La deuxiĂšme expĂ©rimentation, a permis de prĂ©ciser le seuil en deçà duquel la complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique devient nĂ©cessaire pour couvrir les besoins de la jument en lactation. Pour un pĂąturage au fil de repousses vĂ©gĂ©tatives celui-ci a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ© Ă  66 g MS.kg PV-1.j -1 , ce qui correspond Ă  une hauteur de sortie de parcelle Ă  5,4 cm au stick, soit 4,5 cm Ă  l’herbomĂštre Ă  plateau. Enfin, la troisiĂšme expĂ©rimentation en box a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence l’efficacitĂ© d’une distribution de courte durĂ©e de sainfoin, une lĂ©gumineuse riche en tanins condensĂ©s, pour rĂ©duire le dĂ©veloppement des Ɠufs de nĂ©matodes en larves infestantes ; une complĂ©mentation azotĂ©e « simple » s’est en revanche rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e inefficace. L’ensemble de ces rĂ©sultats ouvre des perspectives pour optimiser la conduite alimentaire de la jument en lactation au pĂąturage

    Suivi du pùturage avec un appareil photo grand public et des logiciels libres : méthode et validation

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    National audienc

    Skylarks trade size and energy content in weed seeds to maximize total ingested lipid biomass

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    International audiencetThe trade-off between forage quality and quantity has been particularly studied in herbivore organisms,but much less for seed eating animals, in particular seed-eating birds which constitute the bulk of win-tering passerines in European farmlands. The skylark is one of the commonest farmland birds in winter,mainly feeding on seeds. We focus on weed seeds for conservation and management purposes. Weedseeds form the bulk of the diet of skylarks during winter period, and although this is still a matter fordiscussion, weed seed predation by granivorous has been suggested as an alternative to herbicides usedto regulate weed populations in arable crops. Our objectives were to identify whether weed seed traitsgovern foraging decisions of skylarks, and to characterize key seed traits with respect to size, which isrelated to searching and handling time, and lipid content, which is essential for migratory birds. Wecombined a single-offer experiment and a multiple-offer one to test for feeding preferences of the birdsby estimating seed intake on weed seed species differing in their seed size and seed lipid content. Ourresults showed (1) a selective preference for smaller seeds above a threshold of seed size or seed sizedifference in the pair and, (2) a significant effect of seed lipid biomass suggesting a trade-off betweenforaging for smaller seeds and selecting seeds rich in lipids. Skylarks foraging decision thus seems to bemainly based on seed size, that is presumably a ‘proxy’ for weed seed energy content. However, thereare clearly many possible combinations of morphological and physiological traits that must play crucialrole in the plant–bird interaction such as toxic compound or seed coat

    Dans quelles conditions de disponibilité en herbe est-il nécessaire de complémenter en énergie la jument en lactation au pùturage ?

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    De la fĂ©condation au sevrage : quelle conduite d'Ă©levage ?De la fĂ©condation au sevrage : quelle conduite d'Ă©levage ?Our study investigated the effects of daily herbage allowance (DHA) and energy supplementation on dailyherbage intake in lactating saddle mares grazing high-quality regrowths. Three contrasting DHAs at groundlevel: low, medium and high, i.e. 35, 52.5 and 70 g DM.kg BW-1.d-1, were obtained by adjusting pasture stripwidth. For 3 successive 2-week periods, 3 groups of 3 supplemented mares (S, 2.6 kg DM barley.d-1) and 3groups of 3 non supplemented mares (NS) grazed each DHA according to a Latin-square design. Whichevertheir level of supplementation, all the mares responded in the same way to DHA variations by linearlyincreasing their herbage intake from 18.5 to 23.4 g DM.kg BW-1.d-1 with increasing DHA. However, barleysupplementation allowed to S mares to realize total digestible dry matter intake and net energy intake higherthan the ones of NS mares. Contrary to S mares, NS mares no longer met their energy requirements on lowand medium DHA. The linear relation between DHA and herbage intake allowed to estimate at 66 g DM.kgBW-1.d-1 (i.e. 39 kg DM.mare-1.d-1) the DHA threshold below which lactating mares need an energysupplementation to fully meet their requirements in our grazing conditions.Notre Ă©tude a analysĂ© les effets de la quantitĂ© d‟herbe offerte (QO) et de la complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique surl‟ingestion d‟herbe de juments de selle en lactation pĂąturant des repousses de bonne qualitĂ©. Trois niveaux deQO au ras du sol : bas, moyen et haut, i.e. 35, 52,5 et 70 g MS.kg PV-1.j-1, ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s en ajustant la surfaceofferte au fil. Pendant 3 pĂ©riodes de 2 semaines, 3 groupes de 3 juments complĂ©mentĂ©es (C, 2,6 kgMS orge.j-1) et 3 groupes de 3 juments non complĂ©mentĂ©es (NC) ont pĂąturĂ© chaque QO selon un carrĂ© latin.Toutes les juments, qu‟elles soient complĂ©mentĂ©es ou non, ont rĂ©pondu de la mĂȘme façon aux variations deQO en augmentant linĂ©airement leur ingestion d‟herbe de 18,5 Ă  23,4 g MS.kg PV-1.j-1 avec l‟augmentation dela quantitĂ© d‟herbe offerte. Cependant, l‟apport d‟orge a permis aux juments C de rĂ©aliser une ingestion dematiĂšre sĂšche totale digestible et une ingestion dâ€ŸĂ©nergie nette supĂ©rieures Ă  celles des juments NC.Contrairement aux juments C, les juments NC ne couvraient plus leurs besoins Ă©nergĂ©tiques sur les QO basseet moyenne. La relation linĂ©aire entre la QO et l‟ingestion d‟herbe a permis d‟estimer Ă  66 g MS.kg PV-1.j-1(i.e. 39 kg MS.jument-1.j-1) le seuil de QO en-dessous duquel les juments en lactation nĂ©cessitent unecomplĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique pour satisfaire pleinement leurs besoins dans nos conditions de pĂąturage

    Alimentation Ă  l’herbe de la jument de selle en lactation : quels effets d’une complĂ©mentation Ă©nergĂ©tique sur l’ingestion, les performances zootechniques et l’état parasitaire ?

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    National audienceLes Ă©levages Ă©quins sont confrontĂ©s Ă  de lourdes charges d'alimentation et envisagent des conduites basĂ©es sur une meilleure valorisation de l'herbe pĂąturĂ©e. Peu d'Ă©tudes ont permis dâ€ŸĂ©valuer les niveaux d‟ingestion de chevaux Ă  forts besoins au pĂąturage ainsi que l'intĂ©rĂȘt de les complĂ©menter. Seize juments de selle suitĂ©es, dont 8 ont reçu quotidiennement de l'orge couvrant 60% des besoins Ă©nergĂ©tiques de lactation, ont Ă©tĂ© conduites en pĂąturage tournant sur des prairies permanentes pendant 4 mois. L‟apport Ă©nergĂ©tique n‟a pas influencĂ© l'Ă©volution du poids des juments, leur note d'Ă©tat corporel, la croissance des poulains et le niveau d'excrĂ©tion parasitaire des juments qui avaient Ă©tĂ© infestĂ©es expĂ©rimentalement. L‟ingestion d‟herbe des juments complĂ©mentĂ©es est restĂ©e stable au cours du temps (22,6gMS/kgPV.j-1) alors que les juments non complĂ©mentĂ©es ont accru leur ingestion d'herbe de 22,5 Ă  27,9gMS/kgPV.j-1 entre juin et septembre. Ceci a permis d‟assurer une bonne croissance des poulains tout en prĂ©servant les rĂ©serves corporelles des juments. En absence de complĂ©mentation dans nos conditions de pĂąturage, les juments de selle en lactation ont Ă©tĂ© capables de moduler leur ingestion pour maintenir leurs performances zootechniques malgrĂ© des besoins Ă©levĂ©s
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