La lucha contra la discapacidad visual evitable

La discapacidad visual es una gran problema de salud a nivel mundial. Un 80% de los casos son evitables. Desde la OMS y otras instituciones se trabaja para luchar contra la discapacidad visual evitable a través de diversos planes. Dentro de estos planes, los optometristas tienen una importante misión como agentes de atención visual primaria y dentro de equipos multidisciplinares. Este trabajo estudia la discapacidad visual, sus causas y consecuencias y los programas existentes en la actualidad para luchar contra ella. Tiene como objetivo final analizar la labor que realizan las ONGD españolas dentro de estos programas y, sobre todo, el papel de los optometristas dentro de ellas

Photoinhibition and recovery in a herbicide-resistant mutant from Glycine max (L.) Merr. cell cultures deficient in fatty acid unsaturation

The definitive version is available at: http://www.springerlink.com/content/100484/Photoinhibition and recovery were studied in two photosynthetic cell suspensions from soybean (Glycine max L. Merr): the wild type (WT) and the herbicide-resistant D1 mutant STR7. This mutant also showed an increase in saturated fatty acids from thylakoid lipids. STR7 was more sensitive to photoinhibition under culture conditions. In vivo photoinhibition experiments in the presence of chloramphenicol, in vitro studies in isolated thylakoid membranes, and immunoblot analysis indicated that the process of light-induced degradation of the D1 protein was not involved in the response of STR7 to light. At growth temperature (24°C), the recovery rate of photoinhibited photosystem II (PSII) was slower in STR7 relative to WT. Photoinhibition and recovery were differentially affected by temperature in both cell lines. The rates of photoinhibition were faster in STR7 at any temperature below 27°C. The rates of PSII recovery from STR7 were more severely affected than those of WT at temperatures lower than 24°C. The photoinhibition and recovery rates of WT at 17°C mimicked those of STR7 at 24°C. In organelle translation studies indicated that synthesis and elongation of D1 were substantially similar in both cell lines. However, sucrose gradient fractionation of chloroplast membranes demonstrated that D1 and also other PSII proteins such as D2, OEE33, and LCHII had a reduced capability to incorporate into PSII to yield a mature assembled complex in STR7. This effect may become the rate-limiting step during the recovery of photoinhibited PSII and may explain the increased sensitivity to high light found in STR7. Our data may hint at a possible role of fatty acids from membrane lipids in the assembly and dynamics of PSII.This work was supported by the MCYT (Grants PB98-1632 and BMC2002-00031). M.A. is the recipient of a contract from MCYT (Programa Ramón y Cajal) and R.C. is the recipient of a fellowship from Gobierno de Aragón (CONSI+D-DGA).Peer reviewe

Polymer-supported l-prolinol-based catalysts for the enantioselective addition of dialkylzinc reagents to N-(diphenylphosphinyl)imines

l-Prolinol-based ligands anchored to Merrifield or Wang-type resins have been shown to form efficient catalysts for the enantioselective addition of dialkylzinc reagents to N-(diphenylphosphinyl)imines. The enantioselectivity achieved with the polymeric catalyst (ee up to 88%) is slightly lower than the one obtained with the homogeneous ligand N-benzyl-l-prolinol, but the polymer-supported ligand presents the advantage of its recyclability: it can be recovered and used in up to six consecutive catalytic cycles with only a slight decrease in the enantiomeric excess. The phosphinamides obtained as addition products can be transformed into the corresponding enantiomerically enriched α-branched primary amines under mild acidic conditions.This work was generously supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN; grant no. CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010, CSD2007-00006, CTQ2007-65218 and CTQ11-24151) and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2009/039, FEDER and GV/2007/036). R.A. thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia for a predoctoral fellowship. J.F.C. thanks the Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica for a fellowship

Evaluación de pérdidas debidas a Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni en plantaciones comerciales de almendro en Aragón: póster

PublishedTrabajo financiado por INIA, proyecto RTA2011-00140-C03-0

Capacidad de supervivencia y transmisión por semilla de Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni en almendro

PublishedTrabajo financiado por el Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, proyecto RTA2011-00140-d03-0

Primera detección de Lonsdalea quercina subsp. populi en chopo en España (abstract)

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Primera detección de Lonsdalea quercina subsp. populi en chopo en España

Lonsdalea quercina (ex Brenneria quercina) subsp. populi es una bacteria recientemente identificada en Hungría y China como una nueva subespecie causante del chancro de la corteza del chopo. Los árboles afectados presentan chancros longitudinales en el tronco, de los que fluyen abundantes exudados espumosos de color blanco y exudados acuosos oscuros que tiñen la corteza. Los chopos afectados muestran un debilitamiento generalizado. En España se han localizado choperas con síntomas similares y se ha identificado L. quercina subsp. populi como el agente causal de los mismos. En este trabajo se presenta la primera detección de esta bacteria en España y se describen los métodos de diagnóstico e identificación utilizados. Esta nueva bacteriosis podría tener un impacto económico importante, siendo necesario evaluar las pérdidas causadas y realizar nuevas prospecciones para determinar su distribución en el país