Effect of autoimmune regulator protein (AIRE) expression of the cellular proteome

Comunicaciones a congreso

Obstrucción infravesical y retención urinaria aguda : valoración morfométrica del detrusor y correlación urodinámica /

Descripció del recurs: 12 desembre 2002Consultable des del TDXTítol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaOBJETIVOS Los objetivos eran estudiar la fiabilidad y reproductibilidad de la morfometría del detrusor mediante la valoración del diámetro del miocito y la cuantificación de la ratio colágeno/músculo, estudiar las diferencias entre pacientes con obstrucción infravesical y los varones control y analizar las diferencias, tanto morfológicas como funcionales, de los pacientes obstruidos en función del antecedente de retención urinaria aguda. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio prospectivo sobre 62 pacientes que se dividieron en tres grupos, pacientes con clínica y diagnóstico urodinámico de obstrucción infravesical (grupo Obstrucción), pacientes con clínica y diagnóstico urodinámico de obstrucción infravesical y antecedentes de episodio de retención urinaria aguda (grupo RAO) y pacientes sin obstrucción infravesical (grupo Control). El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ensayos e Investigación Clínica de la Fundación Puigvert y todos los pacientes firmaron el consentimiento informado para participar en él. Como valoración funcional se realizó un cuestionario de síntomas (IPSS y Calidad de vida) y un estudio urodinámico. El estudio morfométrico se realizó a partir de muestras de detrusor obtenidas durante la resección transuretral (RTU) de próstata (pacientes del grupo Obstrucción y RAO) y RTU de tumor vesical inicial (grupo Control). Tras digitalización de la imagen de microscopía óptica, se valoró el diámetro del miocito y la relación o ratio entre colágeno y músculo (interfascicular y pericelular). Finalmente se realizó un estudio evolutivo funcional temprano a los 6 meses de la cirugía desobstructiva. RESULTADOS Se valoraron un total de 62 pacientes, con una edad media de 63 años. Los pacientes con obstrucción infravesical y antecedentes de RAO tenían una menor puntuación en la escala de síntomas y un mayor residuo postmiccional en la flujometría. En la valoración morfométrica, los pacientes con obstrucción infravesical (grupo Obstrucción y RAO) tenían un mayor diámetro del miocito (hipertrofia), así como una mayor ratio colágeno/músculo (fibrosis). Entre el grupo Obstrucción y RAO no se observaron diferencias en el diámetro del miocito y si un mayor infiltrado de colágeno pericelular en el grupo RAO. Tras la cirugía desobstructiva no se observaron diferencias evolutivas entre los pacientes del grupo Obstrucción y RAO. Existía una relación entre el diámetro del miocito y la recuperación funcional, pero no con la ratio colágeno/músculo. CONCLUSIONES La morfometría del detrusor mediante medición del diámetro del miocito y cuantificación de la ratio colágeno/músculo es una técnica fiable y reproducible. En la obstrucción infravesical existe una hipertrofia del miocito y una fibrosis del detrusor. Existen diferencias morfométricas en los pacientes con obstrucción infravesical en función del antecedente de retención urinaria aguda y no existen diferencias funcionales previas a la cirugía desobtructiva ni en la evolución postoperatoria temprana.OBJECTIVES The objectives were to study reability and efficacy of bladder morphometry by means of measurement of the diameter of detrusor cell and connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio, to study differences between bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and group control and to study morphometric and urodynamic differences in patients with bladder outlet obstruction relation to episode of acute urinary retention (AUR). PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-two patients were included. There was three groups; control group, BOO group (lower urinary tracts symptoms and urodynamic bladder outlet obstruction) and AUR group (lower urinary tracts symptoms, urodynamic bladder outlet obstruction and episode of acute urinary retention). Study was accepted by committee of clinical studies of Fundación Puigvert. All patients were informed and they sign written consent. Functional study was made by symptoms (IPSS and quality life) and urodymanic study. Detrusor specimens were obtained from the lateral-posterior wall bladder after finish TURP (BOO and AUR groups) and bladder tumor resection (control group). Each section was viewed under a microscope and digitized using a personal computer. The diameter of detrusor muscle cell and connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio (between and within muscles fascicles) was measured. Six months after surgery urodynamic studies was repeat to evaluate patient evolution. RESULTS Sixty-two patients were included (mean age, 63 years). Score IPSS was lower in AUR group than in BOO group and postvoid residual volume was higher in AUR group in flowmetry. The diameter of the detrusor muscle cell and connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio determined by morphometry (between muscle fascicles) was higher in BOO and AUR group than control group. In patients with BOO (BOO and AUR group) no differences exist relation to an episode of acute urinary retention. However, in AUR group the connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio within fascicles was higher than BOO group. There were no differences in postoperative TURP between BOO and AUR groups. There was relation between diameter of the detrusor muscle cell and functional recovery after TURP. There was no relation between connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio and functional recovery after TURP. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of the diameter of detrusor cells and connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio is useful to study bladder morphometry. There was increase in the diameter of detrusor muscle cell (hypertrophy) and connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio (fibrosis) in BOO. There was morphometric differences in patients with bladder outlet obstruction relation to episode of acute urinary retention. There was no functional and postoperative differences in patients with bladder outlet obstruction relation to episode of acute urinary retention

Novel Semi-Interpenetrated Polymer Networks of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) with Incorporated Conductive Polypyrrole Nanoparticles

[EN] This paper reports the preparation and characterization of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN) of poly(3-hydroxybutirate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), PHBV, and poly (vinyl alcohol), PVA, with conductive polypirrole (PPy) nanoparticles. Stable hybrid semi-IPN (PHBV/PVA 30/70 ratio) hydrogels were produced by solvent casting, dissolving each polymer in chloroform and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone respectively, and subsequent glutaraldehyde crosslinking of the PVA chains. The microstructure and physical properties of this novel polymeric system were analysed, including thermal behaviour and degradation, water sorption, wettability and electrical conductivity. The conductivity of these advanced networks rose significantly at higher PPy nanoparticles content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and calorimetry characterization indicated good miscibility and compatibility between all the constituents, with no phase separation and strong interactions between phases. A single glass transition was observed between those of pure PHBV and PVA, although PVA was dominant in its contribution to the glass transition process. Incorporating PPy nanoparticles significantly reduced the hydrogel swelling, even at low concentrations, indicating molecular interactions between the PPy nanoparticles and the hydrogel matrix. The PHBV/PVA semi-IPN showed higher thermal stability than the neat polymers and PHBV/PVA blend, which also remained in the tertiary systems.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, grant number RTI2018-097862-B-C21, including the FEDER financial support, (awarded to R.S.i.S. and J.M.-M.) and by the Fundacion Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, grant No 2019-231-003UCV (awarded to A.S.-A.). CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program. CIBER Actions are financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Aparicio-Collado, JL.; Novoa, JJ.; Molina Mateo, J.; Torregrosa Cabanilles, C.; Serrano-Aroca, Á.; Sabater I Serra, R. (2021). Novel Semi-Interpenetrated Polymer Networks of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) with Incorporated Conductive Polypyrrole Nanoparticles. Polymers. 13(1):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13010057S12113

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in Small Renal Masses

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) competes with radiofrequency and cryotherapy for the treatment of small renal masses as a third option among ablative approaches. As an emerging technique, its possible percutaneous or laparoscopic application, low discomfort to the patient and the absence of complications make this technology attractive for the management of small renal masses. This manuscript will focus on the principles, basic research and clinical applications of HIFU in small renal masses, reviewing the present literature. Therapeutic results are controversial and from an clinical view, HIFU must be considered a technique under investigation at present time. Further research is needed to settle its real indications in the management of small renal masses; maybe technical improvements will certainly facilitate its use in the management of small renal masses in the near future

Engineering alginate hydrogel films with poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-valerate) and graphene nanoplatelets: Enhancement of antiviral activity, cell adhesion and electroactive properties

[EN] A new biodegradable semi-interpenetrated polymer network (semi-IPN) of two US Food and Drug Administration approved materials, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-valerate) (PHBV) and calcium alginate (CA) was engineered to provide an alternative strategy to enhance the poor adhesion properties of CA. The synthesis procedure allows the additional incorporation of 10 % w/w of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), which have no cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes. This quantity of multilayer graphene provides superior antiviral activity to the novel semi-IPN against a surrogate virus of SARS-CoV-2. Adding GNPs hardly affects the water absorption or electrical conductivity of the pure components of CA and PHBV. However, the semi-IPN's electrical conductivity increases dramatically after adding GNP due to molecular rearrangements of the intertwined polymer chains that continuously distribute the GNP nanosheets, This new hydrophilic composite biomaterial film shows great promise for skin biomedical applications, especially those that require antiviral and/or biodegradable electro-conductive materials.This research was funded by the Fundacion Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Grant 2020-231-006UCV, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-119333RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) (awarded to ?A.S-A) , and the FEDER/Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-Agencia Estatal de Investigacion through the Project RTI2018-097862-B-C21 (awarded to R.S.i.S) . CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R & D & I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program. CIBER Ac-tions are financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Hurtado, A.; Cano-Vicent, A.; Tuñón-Molina, A.; Aparicio-Collado, JL.; Sabater I Serra, R.; Salesa, B.; Serrano-Aroca, Á. (2022). Engineering alginate hydrogel films with poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-valerate) and graphene nanoplatelets: Enhancement of antiviral activity, cell adhesion and electroactive properties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 219:694-708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.03969470821

Non-Woven Infection Prevention Fabrics Coated with Biobased Cranberry Extracts Inactivate Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

[EN] The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is demanding the rapid action of the authorities and scientific community in order to find new antimicrobial solutions that could inactivate the pathogen SARS-CoV-2 that causes this disease. Gram-positive bacteria contribute to severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19, and their resistance to antibiotics is exponentially increasing. In this regard, non-woven fabrics are currently used for the fabrication of infection prevention clothing such as face masks, caps, scrubs, shirts, trousers, disposable gowns, overalls, hoods, aprons and shoe covers as protective tools against viral and bacterial infections. However, these non-woven fabrics are made of materials that do not exhibit intrinsic antimicrobial activity. Thus, we have here developed non-woven fabrics with antimicrobial coatings of cranberry extracts capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and the bacteriophage phi 6 (about 99% of viral inactivation in 1 min of viral contact), and two multidrug-resistant bacteria: the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. The morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the produced filters were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The non-toxicity of these advanced technologies was ensured using a Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo model. These results open up a new prevention path using natural and biodegradable compounds for the fabrication of infection prevention clothing in the current COVID-19 pandemic and microbial resistant era.This research was supported by the Fundacion Universidad Catolica de Valencia San VicenteMartir, Grant 2020-231-006UCV and by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion: project PID2020-119333RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (awarded to A.S.-A.) and project RTI2018-097862-B-C21 (awarded to R.S.i.S. including FEDER funding). CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program. CIBER Actions are financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund. This research was also supported by grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (20fk0108533h0001), and the JST Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JPMJCR20HA). This work was supported by the Joint Usage/Research Center program of Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences Kyoto University.Takayama, K.; Tuñón-Molina, A.; Cano-Vicent, A.; Muramoto, Y.; Noda, T.; Aparicio-Collado, JL.; Sabater I Serra, R.... (2021). Non-Woven Infection Prevention Fabrics Coated with Biobased Cranberry Extracts Inactivate Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22(23):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312719117222

Life-Threatening Complication after Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for a Renal Stone: A Hepatic Subcapsular Hematoma

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has revolutionized the management of urolithiasis since it was first introduced in 1980. ESWL is a well-established, safe and effective therapeutic alternative to surgical treatment for urolithiasis. Complications of ESWL do occur in a small number of patients, and when they do, they typically involve the kidney. We present a case of a young female patient who developed a huge hepatic subcapsular hematoma accompanied by hypovolemic shock after ESWL for a 9 mm stone in the right kidney. The hematoma measured 13×6 cm. Conservative care with no surgical intervention was chosen because there was no evidence of active bleeding on the computed tomography. After conservative therapy, the hematoma was gradually absorbed and the patient was discharged

The altered transcriptome and DNA methylation profiles of docetaxel resistance in breast cancer PDX models

Taxanes are standard therapy in clinical practice for metastatic breast cancer; however, primary or acquired chemoresistance are a common cause of mortality. Breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are powerful tools for the study of cancer biology and drug treatment response. Specific DNA methylation patterns have been associated to different breast cancer subtypes but its association with chemoresistance remains unstudied. Aiming to elucidate docetaxel resistance mechanisms, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation in breast cancer PDX models, including luminal and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models sensitive to docetaxel, their matched models after emergence of chemoresistance and residual disease after short-term docetaxel treatment. We found that DNA methylation profiles from breast cancer PDX models maintain the subtype-specific methylation patterns of clinical samples. Two main DNA methylation clusters were found in TNBC PDX and remain stable during the emergence of docetaxel resistance; however, some genes/pathways were differentially methylated according to docetaxel response. A DNA methylation signature of resistance able to segregate TNBC based on chemotherapy response was identified. Transcriptomic profiling of selected sensitive/resistant pairs and integrative analysis with methylation data demonstrated correlation between some differentially methylated and expressed genes in docetaxel-resistant TNBC PDX models. Multiple gene expression changes were found after the emergence of docetaxel resistance in TNBC. DNA methylation and transcriptional changes identified between docetaxel-sensitive and -resistant TNBC PDX models or residual disease may have predictive value for chemotherapy response in TNBC. IMPLICATIONS: Subtype-specific DNA methylation patterns are maintained in breast cancer PDX models. While no global methylation changes were found, we uncovered differentially DNA methylated and expressed genes/pathways associated with the emergence of docetaxel resistance in TNBC

Optimizing the clinical utility of PCA3 to diagnose prostate cancer in initial prostate biopsy

Background: PCA3 has been included in a nomogram outperforming previous clinical models for the prediction of any prostate cancer (PCa) and high grade PCa (HGPCa) at the initial prostate biopsy (IBx). Our objective is to validate such IBx-specific PCA3-based nomogram. We also aim to optimize the use of this nomogram in clinical practice through the definition of risk groups. Methods: Independent external validation. Clinical and biopsy data from a contemporary cohort of 401 men with the same inclusion criteria to those used to build up the reference’s nomogram in IBx. The predictive value of the nomogram was assessed by means of calibration curves and discrimination ability through the area under the curve (AUC). Clinical utility of the nomogram was analyzed by choosing thresholds points that minimize the overlapping between probability density functions (PDF) in PCa and no PCa and HGPCa and no HGPCa groups, and net benefit was assessed by decision curves. Results: We detect 28 % of PCa and 11 % of HGPCa in IBx, contrasting to the 46 and 20 % at the reference series. Due to this, there is an overestimation of the nomogram probabilities shown in the calibration curve for PCa. The AUC values are 0.736 for PCa (C.I.95 %:0.68–0.79) and 0.786 for HGPCa (C.I.95 %:0.71–0.87) showing an adequate discrimination ability. PDF show differences in the distributions of nomogram probabilities in PCa and not PCa patient groups. A minimization of the overlapping between these curves confirms the threshold probability of harboring PCa >30 % proposed by Hansen is useful to indicate a IBx, but a cut-off > 40 % could be better in series of opportunistic screening like ours. Similar results appear in HGPCa analysis. The decision curve also shows a net benefit of 6.31 % for the threshold probability of 40 %. Conclusions: PCA3 is an useful tool to select patients for IBx. Patients with a calculated probability of having PCa over 40 % should be counseled to undergo an IBx if opportunistic screening is required

Estimation of the Number of Citrus tristeza virus-Viruliferous Aphids Landing on Individual Citrus Seedlings and Viral Incidence in Different Citrus Rootstocks in Spain

The number of aphid species landing, from January to June 2004, on alemow, Cleopatra mandarin and Carrizo citrange grown in experimental nursery blocks in the same area in the north of the Valencian Community, were estimated by counting the number of young shoots/plant and the number of aphids trapped on sticky shoots. The proportions of different aphid species represented by captured individuals (10,569) were: Aphis gossypii (34.9%), Myzus persicae (12.7%), A. spiraecola (8.6%), A. craccivora (2.4%), A. fabae (0.8%), Toxoptera aurantii (0.8%) and others (39.9%). C. macrophylla was the most visited citrus species with estimated 1,656 aphids landing/plant during the test period. May was the month with higher aphid populations. The number and percentage of aphids carrying Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was determined by a validated nested-PCR method in a single closed tube using extracted RNA from previously trapped aphids that were squashed on paper. Viral RNA was detected in 13.3% of tested A. gossypii individuals. CTV infection rates assessed by tissue print-ELISA in experimental plots located in the same area were proportional to the number of aphids landing on each susceptible host. Average annual CTV infection incidence ranged from approximately 4% for alemow and Volkamer lemon to 2% in Cleopatra mandarins. Nevertheless, despite the number of CTV viruliferous vectors visiting Carrizo citrange, sour orange and citrumelo, CTV incidence was only 0.6%, 0.2% and 0%, respectively, suggesting some resistance to natural (aphid-vectored) infection in these particular citrus seedlings