Utility of colposcopy in a phase 2 portion of a microbicide clinical trial of BufferGel and 0.5% PRO 2000 Gel.

Background: The majority of new HIV infections are acquired through heterosexual transmission. There is urgent need for prevention methods to compliment behavior change and condom use. Topical microbicide represent a potential strategy for reduction of HIV transmission in women. Methods: Monthly Colposcopy evaluations were performed during pelvic examinations among 299 women enrolled in the Phase 2 portion of HPTN 035 study at four sites (1 in USA, 3 in Southern Africa). This was a phase 2/2b, multisite, randomized, and controlled clinical trial with four arms: BufferGel, 0.5% PRO2000 Gel, placebo gel and no gel. At two of the sites, pelvic examinations were conducted by the use of naked eye without colposcopy. Results: A colposcopy finding of any kind was detected in 48% of participants at baseline compared to 40% at 3 months (p=0.04). The lower rates were also observed in vaginal discharge (22% at baseline, 16% at 3 months, p=0.06), erythema (15% at baseline, 8% at 3 months, p=0.004). The trend towards significance at p=0.05 disappear when utilizing stringent statistical significance levels. A pelvic finding of any kind was detected in 71% of colposcopy participants compared to 41% of participants who had naked eye examination only conducted at two sites that performed both colposcopy and naked eye without colposcopy. Use of colposcopy yielded significantly higher rates of participants with deep epithelial disruption, erythema and ecchymosis.We observed no cases of incident Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, or Syphilis during the three month follow up. There were 2 cases of incident HIV during 3-month study period neither of which was associated with any abnormal colposcopy evaluation findings. Conclusion: No safety signals were observed in the 4 study arms, allowing seamless transition from phase 2 to 2b. Colposcopy utility in microbicide clinical trials has minimal value given high rates of background noise findings of no relevant clinical significance

Oral and injectable contraceptive use and HIV acquisition risk among women in four African countries : a secondary analysis of data from a microbicide trial.

CAPRISA, 2016.Abstract available in pdf

Perfil dos usuários de somatropina em unidade básica de saúde / Somatropine users profile in basic health unit

O artigo descreve sobre a utilização do hormônio do crescimento na rede pública de saúde da cidade de São José dos Campos, SP.O hormônio do crescimento é secretado pela hipófise anterior e sua principal função é promover o crescimento de todo o corpo através da sua ação interventiva na formação protéica, multiplicação celular e diferenciação celular. O hormônio apresenta como principais estímulos de liberação o sono, a hipoglicemia, refeições ricas em proteínas, estresse (dor, calor e ansiedade), exercícios e outros agentes (serotonina, estrógenos, adrenalina, entre outros).Na rede pública de saúde a oferta deste hormônio segue um processo sistematizado para a oferta à população. Este artigo apresenta resultados relacionados ao perfil do usuário do hormônio do crescimento em uma unidade básica de saúde. 

Benefits and risks of antiretroviral therapy for perinatal HIV prevention.

CAPRISA, 2016.Abstract available in pdf

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Analyse de résultats de consultations de nourissons en médecine générale

Pour mieux connaître les diagnostics retenus lors de consultations de nourrissons en médecine générale, nous avons effectué une étude rétrospective sur 1103 consultations de nourrissons de O à 2 ans dans un cabinet de médecine générale en Seine St Denis. Cette étude a été ensuite comparée à une étude sur les résultats de consultations réalisée par la SFMG (Société française de Médecine Générale). Ce qui nous a frappé en premier lieu, c est l importance des consultations de nourrissons dans le cabinet étudié. Elles représentent en effet 12,09 % de l activité soit trois fois plus que dans les autres études. Nous avons ensuite montré que trois groupes de pathologies dominent les résultats de consultations des nourrissons: * La pathologie ORL *La pathologie broncho-pulmonaire *Les actes de prévention. Et que les 25 premiers résultats de consultations représentaient plus de 90 % des résultats totaux dans les deux études. Cependant ,par rapport à l étude de la SFMG et aux autres études, nous comptabilisons moins d actes de prévention. (18,41 %) En analysant ceci, nous avons pu remarquer que le fait que ce cabinet soit situé en Seine St Denis n était pas anodin. En effet dans ce département où le précarité est importante et où le réseau de PMI est très développé, les actes de prévention sont plus souvent effectué au sein de ces PMI qu ailleurs.PARIS13-BU Serge Lebovici (930082101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Quadruple Helix Stakeholders and Social Innovation in the Energy Transition

Social innovation (SI) aims at improving people’s life when technological or business innovations are not sufficient. However, the classic Triple Helix (TH) theory does not explicitly deal with SI, and relegates civil society to a passive role. This paper aims to analyze if SI requires an evolution of the TH framework. The methodology is a multi-case study based on SI projects and initiatives in the energy sector. The main findings are that citizens are involved in SI though to various extents: there are SI projects carried out “for” citizens, “with” citizens, and to a much lesser extent; “by” citizens. SI in the energy sector rely also on the commitment of the local government and the presence of social enterprises. Therefore, we suggest that a Quadruple Helix (QH) approach may be necessary for energy-related SI