586 research outputs found
Dynamiques spatiales de la Cité scientifique Paris sud : innovation, compétitivité, territoire. De l'atome au photon, ou d'une dynamique de "complexe militaro-industriel et nucléaire" vers une dynamique de "cluster
L'histoire de la constitution de la technopole Ăle-de-France sud, l'organisation du systĂšme d'innovation francilien, sont rappelĂ©s dans ce rapport qui est centrĂ© sur l'Ă©mergence et le fonctionnement d'un nouveau pĂŽle dans une rĂ©gion mĂ©tropolitaine, le pĂŽle optronique de l'Ăle-de-France sud ; l'analyse de ces processus peut relever de trois types d'approches : une approche de type industriel, une approche de type urbain et une approche de type territorial. Si les trois approches ont chacune leur pertinence, la premiĂšre s'en tient essentiellement aux facteurs gĂ©nĂ©riques de localisation et d'organisation industrielle, tandis que la seconde voit dans la grande ville un contexte gĂ©nĂ©ral favorisant l'innovation. La troisiĂšme enfin permet de prĂ©ciser plus finement de quels territoires est constituĂ©e la mĂ©tropole et si des logiques territoriales d'innovation apparaissent en certains d'entre eux. C'est cette derniĂšre approche en termes de constitution de rĂ©seaux d'innovation, d'Ă©mergence de logiques d'apprentissage et de crĂ©ation d'une identitĂ© collective au sein du " micro-milieu innovateur " de l'optique qui est dĂ©veloppĂ©e dans ce rapportterritoire;Ă©conomie urbaine;innovation;optique, Ile-de-France;Ile-de-France sud;CitĂ© scientifique Paris sud; Paris;dynamique
Scared to Death? Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease The Heart and Soul Study
Evaluation of a Commercial Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Determination of the Neurotoxin BMAA in Surface Waters
The neurotoxin Ă-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is suspected to play a role in Alzheimerâs disease, Parkinsonâs disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Because BMAA seems to be produced by cyanobacteria, surface waters are screened for BMAA. However, reliable analysis of BMAA requires specialized and expensive equipment. In 2012, a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of BMAA in surface waters was released. This kit could enable fast and relatively cheap screening of surface waters for BMAA. The objective of this study was to determine whether the BMAA ELISA kit was suitable for the determination of BMAA concentrations in surface waters. We hypothesised that the recovery of spiked samples was close to 100% and that the results of unspiked sample analysis were comparable between ELISA and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. However, we found that recovery was higher than 100% in most spiked samples, highest determined recovery was over 400%. Furthermore, the ELISA gave a positive signal for nearly each tested sample while no BMAA could be detected by LC-MS/MS. We therefore conclude that in its current state, the kit is not suitable for screening surface waters for BMAA
Autism Spectrum Traits in the Typical Population Predict Structure and Function in the Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are typically characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, narrow interests, and repetitive behaviors. The heterogeneity in the severity of these characteristics across individuals with ASD has led some researchers to suggest that these disorders form a continuum which extends into the general, or âtypical,â population, and there is growing evidence that the extent to which typical adults display autistic traits, as measured using the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), predicts performance on behavioral tasks that are impaired in ASD. Here, we show that variation in autism spectrum traits is related to cortical structure and function within the typical population. Voxel-based morphometry showed that increased AQ scores were associated with decreased white matter volume in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a region important in processing socially relevant stimuli and associated with structural and functional impairments in ASD. In addition, AQ was correlated with the extent of cortical deactivation of an adjacent area of pSTS during a Stroop task relative to rest, reflecting variation in resting state function. The results provide evidence that autism spectrum characteristics are reflected in neural structure and function across the typical (non-ASD) population
Rotation of planet-harbouring stars
The rotation rate of a star has important implications for the detectability,
characterisation and stability of any planets that may be orbiting it. This
chapter gives a brief overview of stellar rotation before describing the
methods used to measure the rotation periods of planet host stars, the factors
affecting the evolution of a star's rotation rate, stellar age estimates based
on rotation, and an overview of the observed trends in the rotation properties
of stars with planets.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures: Invited review to appear in 'Handbook of
Exoplanets', Springer Reference Works, edited by Hans J. Deeg and Juan
Antonio Belmont
Challenges in the implementation of responsible research and innovation across Horizon 2020
In the last decade, the European Commission (EC) developed an ambitious strategy to promote RRI across the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (H2020). This effort resulted in a significant number of European-funded projects that substantially expanded the available knowledge of the theory, methods and implementation of RRI. However, various evaluations and studies revealed a limited and diffuse implementation of the concept. In this article, we aim to shed some light on this matter with a study covering eight programme lines of H2020 (ERC, MSCA, LEIT, FOOD, ENV, SEC, WIDENING and EURATOM). We employ an extensive policy document analysis and 112 semi-structured interviews carried out with various stakeholders. We argue that the limited implementation of RRI in H2020 is the result of conflicts with existing values, science cultures, economic objectives, restricted resources for its implementation and a lack of clarification around what RRI means
Science Impacts of the SPHEREx All-Sky Optical to Near-Infrared Spectral Survey: Report of a Community Workshop Examining Extragalactic, Galactic, Stellar and Planetary Science
SPHEREx is a proposed SMEX mission selected for Phase A. SPHEREx will carry
out the first all-sky spectral survey and provide for every 6.2" pixel a
spectra between 0.75 and 4.18 m [with R41.4] and 4.18 and 5.00
m [with R135]. The SPHEREx team has proposed three specific science
investigations to be carried out with this unique data set: cosmic inflation,
interstellar and circumstellar ices, and the extra-galactic background light.
It is readily apparent, however, that many other questions in astrophysics and
planetary sciences could be addressed with the SPHEREx data. The SPHEREx team
convened a community workshop in February 2016, with the intent of enlisting
the aid of a larger group of scientists in defining these questions. This paper
summarizes the rich and varied menu of investigations that was laid out. It
includes studies of the composition of main belt and Trojan/Greek asteroids;
mapping the zodiacal light with unprecedented spatial and spectral resolution;
identifying and studying very low-metallicity stars; improving stellar
parameters in order to better characterize transiting exoplanets; studying
aliphatic and aromatic carbon-bearing molecules in the interstellar medium;
mapping star formation rates in nearby galaxies; determining the redshift of
clusters of galaxies; identifying high redshift quasars over the full sky; and
providing a NIR spectrum for most eROSITA X-ray sources. All of these
investigations, and others not listed here, can be carried out with the nominal
all-sky spectra to be produced by SPHEREx. In addition, the workshop defined
enhanced data products and user tools which would facilitate some of these
scientific studies. Finally, the workshop noted the high degrees of synergy
between SPHEREx and a number of other current or forthcoming programs,
including JWST, WFIRST, Euclid, GAIA, K2/Kepler, TESS, eROSITA and LSST.Comment: Report of the First SPHEREx Community Workshop,
http://spherex.caltech.edu/Workshop.html , 84 pages, 28 figure
New HoRRIzon: D2.5 Actions and Activities to Realize RRI in Excellent Science
This Deliverable tells about the journey of the Social Labs from their very beginning, in which we struggled to first get an understanding of the particular Funding Line of H2020 and tried to âdiagnoseâ its uptake of RRI, continuing with the identification of our stakeholders and our attempt to incentivize them to participate in the Social Labs. In this Deliverable, we explain which methods we used in our Social Lab Workshops to raise and discuss the question of responsibility in research and innovation and to generate ideas for Pilot Actions, which experiences we made with these group methods and, most importantly, which Pilot Actions the Social Lab participants created, developed, changed and implemented in order to realize their ambitions of RRI and a responsible research and innovation system
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