Chemical features and bioactivities of lactuca canadensis L., an unconventional food plant from Brazilian cerrado

Throughout the world, people’s diet is generally quite restricted regarding the variety of plants used in their daily regime. The Unconventional Food Plant (UFP) Lactuca canadensis L. is an edible species of wild lettuce sparsely described in literature and considered to be native from the eastern and central parts of North America. To valorize this species as potential alternative food, an analysis of its nutritional, chemical, and bioactive properties was performed. The results specify the occurrence of organic acids, mainly quinic acid (127.9 ± 0.6 g/kg dry weight (dw)), polyunsaturated fatty acids (65.3%), among which are linolenic acid (44.4 ± 0.4 %), and tocopherols, mostly α-tocopherol (61.2 ± 0.7 mg/kg dw). Additionally, eight phenolic compounds were also identified, among which luteolin-O-glucuronide was found in larger amounts in both infusion and hydroethanolic extracts (5.46 ± 0.09 and 4.6 ± 0.1 mg/g dw, respectively). Carbohydrates and proteins were the main macronutrients (603 ± 1 and 177.5 ± 0.3 g/kg dw, respectively), followed by ashes (166.5 ± 0.9), indicative of a great amount of minerals. Additionally, good antioxidant and antibacterial activities were detected in the analyzed extracts. In general, our results contribute to extend the range of different, unexploited, and nutritionally balanced plant foods, such as Lactuca canadensis, that can and should be included in the daily diet.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L.B., A.F. and M.I.D., and through the individual scientific employment program-contract for J.P. (CEECIND/01011/2018). The authors are also grateful to the project TRANSCoLAB (0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P), to the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project GreenHealth, Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042. The authors C.T.P.C. and V.G.P.S. are grateful to the international mobility departments of the Federal University of Goiás and the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança for the opportunity for student exchange of C.T.P.C. and developing of the research with L. canadensis species.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Milky Way Bulge: Observed properties and a comparison to external galaxies

The Milky Way bulge offers a unique opportunity to investigate in detail the role that different processes such as dynamical instabilities, hierarchical merging, and dissipational collapse may have played in the history of the Galaxy formation and evolution based on its resolved stellar population properties. Large observation programmes and surveys of the bulge are providing for the first time a look into the global view of the Milky Way bulge that can be compared with the bulges of other galaxies, and be used as a template for detailed comparison with models. The Milky Way has been shown to have a box/peanut (B/P) bulge and recent evidence seems to suggest the presence of an additional spheroidal component. In this review we summarise the global chemical abundances, kinematics and structural properties that allow us to disentangle these multiple components and provide constraints to understand their origin. The investigation of both detailed and global properties of the bulge now provide us with the opportunity to characterise the bulge as observed in models, and to place the mixed component bulge scenario in the general context of external galaxies. When writing this review, we considered the perspectives of researchers working with the Milky Way and researchers working with external galaxies. It is an attempt to approach both communities for a fruitful exchange of ideas.Comment: Review article to appear in "Galactic Bulges", Editors: Laurikainen E., Peletier R., Gadotti D., Springer Publishing. 36 pages, 10 figure

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimycobacterial activities of Serjania erecta Radlk. (Sapindaceae)

Serjania erecta Radlk.(Sapindaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil. We assayed the ethanolic extract of leaves and roots against seven microorganisms. The REMA (Resazurin Microtiter Assay) assay was used to measure the biological activity in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and our results showed moderate activity of the ethanolic extract. On the other hand S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. setubal, C. albicans, S. cerevisiae and E. coli revealed that the leaves and roots of S. erecta inhibited the growth of all microorganisms. The ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots showed low values of antioxidant activities. The ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots were analyzed by chromatographic and spectrometric methods. (-)-Epicatechin, kaempferol aglycone and five glycoside derivates were isolated: kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside from the roots and kaempferol, kaempferol 3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, vitexin, isovitexin and (-)-epicatechin in the leaves. This is the first chemical study reported in the literature about this specie

Composição corporal e exigências líquidas de energia e proteína de bezerros da raça holandesa alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de volumoso

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de volumoso nas dietas, sobre a composição corporal, as exigências de energia líquida para mantença e ganho de peso e os requerimentos líquidos de proteína para ganho de peso. Cinquenta e dois bezerros da raça Holandesa, puros por cruzamento, não-castrados, com idade média de 60 dias e peso vivo (PV) inicial de 78 kg foram usados. Oito animais foram abatidos ao início do experimento, como referência. Outros oito animais foram alimentados com dietas na proporção de 90% de volumoso e 10% de concentrado para atender às exigências ligeiramente acima da mantença (grupo de mantença). Os 36 animais restantes foram distribuídos nos tratamentos, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em quatro grupos de nove animais, de acordo com o nível de volumoso nas dietas: 10, 25, 40 e 55%, na base da MS, usando-se feno de capim coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon), fubá de milho e farelo de soja, os quais constituíram dietas com aproximadamente 16% de PB.. Cinco animais de cada tratamento foram abatidos, quando atingiram 190 ± 10 kg PV e quatro, quando atingiram 300 ± 10 kg PV. A exigência de energia líquida (EL) para mantença foi estimada da equação de regressão do logaritmo da producão de calor e em relação ao consumo de energia metabolizável (CEM), assumindo CEM igual a zero. Equações de regressão foram ajustadas, para cada nível de volumoso e em conjunto, do logaritmo das quantidades corporais de gordura, proteína e energia, em função do logaritmo do peso corporal vazio (PCVZ). A exigência de energia líquida para mantença foi, em média, de 110,46 kcal/kg0,75. A quantidade de gordura e o conteúdo de energia no ganho de peso aumentaram, à medida que se elevou o PV do animal, para todos os níveis de volumoso e em conjunto. As exigências líquidas de energia e proteína para ganho de 1 kg de PCVZ, para um animal de 300 kg de peso vivo, foram 2,83 Mcal/dia e 183,20 g/dia, respectivamente. As exigências líquidas de energia e proteína para ganho de bezerros da raça Holandesa, em média, aumentaram com o aumento do peso corporal vazio