Efeitos da administração a longo prazo de dietas com diferentes teores de sódio sobre a função renal de ratos hipertensos

A alta ingestão de sódio contribui significativamente para o desenvolvimento da hipertensão e suas complicações. Dentre estas, a doença renal crônica. Entretanto, os mecanismos moleculares responsáveis pelos danos renais e pela renoproteção produzidos por dietas de alto e baixo sal, respectivamente, são pouco compreendidos. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos a longo prazo de dietas com diferentes teores de cloreto de sódio sobre a função renal de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) focando nos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos no manejo renal de albumina e componentes do sistema renina angiotensina renal (SRA). Métodos: ratos SHR machos recém-desmamados (4 semamas) foram alimentados durante 6 meses com dietas diferindo apenas no teor de NaCl: dieta padrão de sal (NS: 0.3 %), dieta de baixo sal (LS: 0.03%) e dieta de alto teor de sal ( HS: 3%). Foram realizadas análises de função e morfologia renal, avaliação da expressão de componentes-chave envolvidos no manejo renal de albumina, incluindo as proteínas da slit membrane (nefrina e podocina) e do aparato endocítico do túbulo proximal (megalina e cubilina). Além disso, a expressão ea atividade dos componentes do RAS (enzima conversora de angiotensina ACE, ACE2, AT1, AT2 e Mas) também foram examinados. Resultados: HS agravou a hipertensão nos ratos SHR, provocou hipertrofia glomerular, diminuição da expressão renal de nefrina e ECA2, levou à perda da integridade morfológica dos processos podais e ao aumento da proteinúria caracterizado pela perda de albumina e proteínas de alto peso molecular. Por outro lado, a hipertensão grave foi atenuada e disfunção renal foi prevenida pela dieta LS, já que, a proteinúria foi muito menor nestes animais quando comparados aos SHR NS. Tais achados foram associados com uma diminuição da razão de proteína e de atividade das enzimas ECA/ECA2 nos rins e aumento da expressão renal de cubilina. Conclusão: Portanto, os resultados sugerem que a dieta a baixa ingestão de sódio atenua a progressão da hipertensão em ratos SHR e preserva a função renal. Os mecanismo que parcialmente podem explicar estes resultados incluem a modulação intra-renal do balanço ECA/ECA2 e o aumento da expressão renal de cubilina. Contudo, a alta ingestão de sódio agrava a lesão renal hipertensiva e reduz a expressão de nefrina, um componente chave slit diaphragm

Development of Novel Efficient SIN Vectors with Improved Safety Features for Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Stem Cell Based Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic approach to treat primary immunodeficiencies. Indeed, the clinical trial for the Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) that is currently ongoing at the Hannover Medical School (Germany) has recently reported the correction of all affected cell lineages of the hematopoietic system in the first treated patients. However, an extensive study of the clonal inventory of those patients reveals that LMO2, CCND2 and MDS1/EVI1 were preferentially prevalent. Moreover, a first leukemia case was observed in this study, thus reinforcing the need of developing safer vectors for gene transfer into HSC in general. Here we present a novel self-inactivating (SIN) vector for the gene therapy of WAS that combines improved safety features. We used the elongation factor 1 alpha (EFS) promoter, which has been extensively evaluated in terms of safety profile, to drive a codon-optimized human WASP cDNA. To test vector performance in a more clinically relevant setting, we transduced murine HSPC as well as human CD34+ cells and also analyzed vector efficacy in their differentiated myeloid progeny. Our results show that our novel vector generates comparable WAS protein levels and is as effective as the clinically used LTR-driven vector. Therefore, the described SIN vectors appear to be good candidates for potential use in a safer new gene therapy protocol for WAS, with decreased risk of insertional mutagenesis.Fil: Avedillo Diez, Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; Argentina. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Zychlinski, Daniela. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Coci, Emanuele G.. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Galla, Melanie. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Modlich, Ute. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Dewey, Ricardo. Hannover Medical School; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Schwarzer, Adrian. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Maetzig, Tobias. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Mpofu, Nonsikelelo. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Jaeckel, Elmar. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Boztug, Kaan. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Baum, Christopher. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Klein, Christoph. Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Schambach, Axel. Hannover Medical School; Alemani

Biallelic MADD variants cause a phenotypic spectrum ranging from developmental delay to a multisystem disorder

In pleiotropic diseases, multiple organ systems are affected causing a variety of clinical manifestations. Here, we report a pleiotropic disorder with a unique constellation of neurological, endocrine, exocrine, and haematological findings that is caused by biallelic MADD variants. MADD, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activating death domain protein, regulates various cellular functions, such as vesicle trafficking, activity of the Rab3 and Rab27 small GTPases, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced signalling and prevention of cell death. Through national collaboration and GeneMatcher, we collected 23 patients with 21 different pathogenic MADD variants identified by next-generation sequencing. We clinically evaluated the series of patients and categorized the phenotypes in two groups. Group 1 consists of 14 patients with severe developmental delay, endo- and exocrine dysfunction, impairment of the sensory and autonomic nervous system, and haematological anomalies. The clinical course during the first years of life can be potentially fatal. The nine patients in Group 2 have a predominant neurological phenotype comprising mild-to-severe developmental delay, hypotonia, speech impairment, and seizures. Analysis of mRNA revealed multiple aberrant MADD transcripts in two patient-derived fibroblast cell lines. Relative quantification of MADD mRNA and protein in fibroblasts of five affected individuals showed a drastic reduction or loss of MADD. We conducted functional tests to determine the impact of the variants on different pathways. Treatment of patient-derived fibroblasts with TNF-α resulted in reduced phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, enhanced activation of the pro-apoptotic enzymes caspase-3 and -7 and increased apoptosis compared to control cells. We analysed internalization of epidermal growth factor in patient cells and identified a defect in endocytosis of epidermal growth factor. We conclude that MADD deficiency underlies multiple cellular defects that can be attributed to alterations of TNF-α-dependent signalling pathways and defects in vesicular trafficking. Our data highlight the multifaceted role of MADD as a signalling molecule in different organs and reveal its physiological role in regulating the function of the sensory and autonomic nervous system and endo- and exocrine glands

Biallelic MADD variants cause a phenotypic spectrum ranging from developmental delay to a multisystem disorder

In pleiotropic diseases, multiple organ systems are affected causing a variety of clinical manifestations. Here, we report a pleiotropic disorder with a unique constellation of neurological, endocrine, exocrine, and haematological findings that is caused by biallelic MADD variants. MADD, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activating death domain protein, regulates various cellular functions, such as vesicle trafficking, activity of the Rab3 and Rab27 small GTPases, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced signalling and prevention of cell death. Through national collaboration and GeneMatcher, we collected 23 patients with 21 different pathogenic MADD variants identified by next-generation sequencing. We clinically evaluated the series of patients and categorized the phenotypes in two groups. Group 1 consists of 14 patients with severe developmental delay, endo- and exocrine dysfunction, impairment of the sensory and autonomic nervous system, and haematological anomalies. The clinical course during the first years of life can be potentially fatal. The nine patients in Group 2 have a predominant neurological phenotype comprising mild-to-severe developmental delay, hypotonia, speech impairment, and seizures. Analysis of mRNA revealed multiple aberrant MADD transcripts in two patient-derived fibroblast cell lines. Relative quantification of MADD mRNA and protein in fibroblasts of five affected individuals showed a drastic reduction or loss of MADD. We conducted functional tests to determine the impact of the variants on different pathways. Treatment of patient-derived fibroblasts with TNF-α resulted in reduced phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, enhanced activation of the pro-apoptotic enzymes caspase-3 and -7 and increased apoptosis compared to control cells. We analysed internalization of epidermal growth factor in patient cells and identified a defect in endocytosis of epidermal growth factor. We conclude that MADD deficiency underlies multiple cellular defects that can be attributed to alterations of TNF-α-dependent signalling pathways and defects in vesicular trafficking. Our data highlight the multifaceted role of MADD as a signalling molecule in different organs and reveal its physiological role in regulating the function of the sensory and autonomic nervous system and endo- and exocrine glands.status: publishe