On International Trademark And The Internet: The Lanham Act’s Long Arms

Trademarks tie a face to a product. The face is often a name or symbol, but it can also be something like a sound, a smell or even a “look.” They exist for the benefit of both the trademark owner/producer and the consumer. The purpose of a trademark, traditionally, has been to protect against the confusion of consumers when selecting products or services. Yet, a trademark’s functionality is not limited to preventing confusion. Other uses include both preserving the goodwill of the consumer for the mark owner and preventing the “diversion of trade through commercial misrepresentations.

Effects of Power Generation and Two Different Landing Protocols on Evaluating Impact Attenuation in Landing

The purposes ofthe dissertation were: 1) to examine the effects ofpower generation and two different landing protocols on the lower extremity during a landing activity, and 2) to examine the effects ofpower generation and gender on impact attenuation during a landing activity. During the first study, eight elite male recreational athletes and eight non-elite male recreational athletes, selected based upon their maxinlunl jump heights, preformed drop landings in one of six conditions for two different protocols. Each subject landed from a height of40 cm, 60 cm and 80 cm in the first protocol (PT1) and from a height of 70%, 100%, and 1300/0 oftheir maximum vertical jump height in the second protocol (PT2). Ground reaction force (GRF) data were recorded using a force plate (OR6-7, AMTI) and kinematic data were recorded using a six camera motion analysis system (Vicon). Both the GRF and kinetic variables were normalized by potential energy. A Group x Protocol x Height mixed design repeated measures ANOV A with Group as the between subject factor was used to test the significance of selected variables. The nonelite athletes landed with a larger loading rate for the second GRF peak and a larger hip extension moment compared to the elite athletes. The non-elite athletes also landed with a greater ankle plantarflexion moment, knee adduction moment and ankle eccentric work in PT 1 whereas the elite athletes landed with a smaller ankle plantarflexion moment, knee adduction moment and ankle eccentric work. These findings suggest that the elite athletes ware better equipped to absorb the loads at impact and that the two groups of athletes responded differently. During the second study, additional sixteen female subjects divided into the nonelite and elite groups prefornled drop landings in the same protocols as described in the first study. A Group x Gender xProtocol x Height mixed design repeated measures ANOV A with Group and Gender as the between subject factors was used to test the significance ofselected variables. No significant differences between the genders were observed. The elite group proved to land with smaller second GRF peak, greater ankle plantarflexion and knee extension moments compared to the non-elite group in PTI. These results demonstrated that the non-elite and elite athletes used different joint kinetic patterns to dissipate impact loading. Despite no statistical evidence supporting gender differences, females landed with a trend ofgreater percent increases in the first GRF peak while males landed with a trend ofsmaller second GRF peak. The elite males showed a decrease in the ankle eccentric work in PTlcompare to PT2. The females showed no change in the ankle eccentric work across the two protocols. These fmdings demonstrated that the males and females might have used different neuromuscular control ofthe lower extremity joints to attenuate the forces at impact

Biomechanical behaviors of the human triceps surae during landing activities

The purpose of this study was to investigate biomechanical behaviors of human triceps surae in landing activities using a Hill-type muscle model. Ten healthy male subjects (23±3 yrs) performed five trials of drop landing from a height of 60 cm in each of four conditions: a normal landing (NL); a stiff landing that required the subject to perform a NL but with minimal knee flexion (SL); a SL but landing flat footed (SF); and a stiff landing while landing on the toes only (SC). Sagittal kinematic (120 Hz), ground reaction forces (GRF) and moments (1200 Hz) were recorded simultaneously. Using an inverse dynamics approach, ankle moment and triceps surae muscle forces were computed. In addition, the triceps surae muscle force and ankle moment were estimated using the Hill-type model. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate selected variables with the significant level set at P \u3c 0.05. The mean peak GRF values for NL, SL, SF and SC were 38.0, 49.2, 35.5 and 58.6 N/kg, respectively. The mean VGRF of peak associated was found to be significantly different between each condition except NL and SC. The Hill model predicted the peak triceps surae forces at 54.6, 65.0, 40.7, and 62.1 N/kg for NL, SL, SF, and SC respectively. The mean peak plantar flexing moments for NL, SL, SF, and SC were 2.2, 4.0, 2.8, and 4.4 Nm/kg respectively while the estimated plantar flexing moment had values of 3.7, 4.6, 4.7 and 3.2 Nm/Kg for the same conditions. Greater discrepancy was observed between the experimental and estimated joint moment and muscle force for SF. The Hill model was considered to be a good predictor of the eccentric muscle force in the landing activity for NL, SL, and SC except for SF

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Dissecting the role of Muc5ac in K-RAS Mutant Lung Cancer Progression

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp22/1116/thumbnail.jp

Tumor Cell Specific Function of IL-1 Signaling in the Pathogenesis of K-ras Mutant Lung Cancer

Department of Pulmonary Medicinehttps://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp22/1113/thumbnail.jp

COPD-like Inflammation Induces Neutrophil Invasion and NETosis via the C5a Pathway

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp22/1127/thumbnail.jp

The RNA Helicase DDX6 Controls Cellular Plasticity by Modulating P-Body Homeostasis

Post-transcriptional mechanisms have the potential to influence complex changes in gene expression, yet their role in cell fate transitions remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that suppression of the RNA helicase DDX6 endows human and mouse primed embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with a differentiation-resistant, “hyper-pluripotent” state, which readily reprograms to a naive state resembling the preimplantation embryo. We further demonstrate that DDX6 plays a key role in adult progenitors where it controls the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in a context-dependent manner. Mechanistically, DDX6 mediates the translational suppression of target mRNAs in P-bodies. Upon loss of DDX6 activity, P-bodies dissolve and release mRNAs encoding fate-instructive transcription and chromatin factors that re-enter the ribosome pool. Increased translation of these targets impacts cell fate by rewiring the enhancer, heterochromatin, and DNA methylation landscapes of undifferentiated cell types. Collectively, our data establish a link between P-body homeostasis, chromatin organization, and stem cell potency

Effect of Combined PD-1 and STAT3 Pathway Blockade Treatment on K-ras Mutant Lung Cancer

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp21/1175/thumbnail.jp