Variacions en els components bioquímics del romaní (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) al llarg de la floració

En mostres de romaní recollides durant el període de floració primaveral, es van analitzar els paràmetres següents: materia seca, producció de materia seca orgànica, sucres reductors, nitrogen, àcid clorogènic, extractes eteris i alcohòlic, contingut d'olis essencials i llur composició. Els resultats mostren una variació dels components bioquímics del romaní al llarg del cicle biològic. Cap dels paràmetres estudiats no s'ha mantingut constant al llarg del període estudiat, i només s'observa una relativa constància de producció en matèria seca orgànica. Un estudi comparatiu de tots els resultats obtinguts, permet de distingir entre dos grans grups de màxims. El primer és format pels components bioquímics bàsics, com són els sucres i el nitrogen, que presenten un màxim entre les setmanes 7a i 9a de floració. En canvi entre la setmana 9a i 13 a apareixen tots els màxims dels altres paràmetres: olis essencials, extracte alcohòlic, àcid clorogènic, extracte total i no volàtil en èter. La composició dels olis essencials mostra que entre les setmanes 9a i 11 a, llur contingut en components d'alta volatilitat és màxim.Samples of rosemary were picked up during the spring bloom period and the following parameters were analyzed: dry matter, production of organic dry matter, reducing sugars, nitrogen, chlorogenic acid, ether and alcoholic extracts, content of essential oils and their composition. The results show a variation of the biochemical components of rosemary during its biological cycle. None of the analyzed parameters has kept constant during the studied period, just a relative constant production of organic dry matter has been noticed. A comparative study of all the results allows to distinguish between two big groups of maximums. The first one is made up of the basic biochemical components, such as sugars and nitrogen which show a maximum between the 7th and 9th week. On the other hand between the 9th and 13rd week appear the maximums of all the other parameters: essential oils, alcoholic extract, chlorogenic acid, total and non-volatile ether extract. The composition of the essential oils shows off that between the 9th and 1 1 st week, the content of high volatility components is maximum.En muestras de romero recogidas durante el período de floración primaveral, se analizaron los sigüientes parámetros: materia seca, producción de materia seca orgánica, azúcares reductores, nitrógeno, ácido clorogénico, extractos etéreos y alcohólico, contenido en aceites esenciales y su composición. Los resultados muestran una variación de los componentes bioquímicos del romero a lo largo del ciclo biológico. Ninguno de los parámetros estudiados se ha mantenido constante a lo largo del período estudiado y solamente se observa una relativa constancia de producción de materia seca orgánica. Un estudio comparativo de todos los resultados obtenidos, permite distingir dos grandes grupos de máximos. El primero está formado por los componentes bioquímicos básicos, como son los azucares y el nitrógeno, los cuales presentan un máximo entre las semanas 7a y 9a de floración. En cambio entre la semana 9a y 13a aparecen todos los máximos de los otros parámetros: aceites esenciales, extracto alcohólico, ácido clorogénico, extracto total y no volátil en éter. La composición de los aceites esenciales muestra que entre las semanas 9a y 11a su contenido en componentes de alta volatilidad es máximo

Brain functional abnormality in schizo-affective disorder: an fMRI study.

Background.Schizo-affective disorder has not been studied to any significant extent using functional imaging. The aim of this study was to examine patterns of brain activation and deactivation in patients meeting strict diagnostic criteria for the disorder. METHOD: Thirty-two patients meeting research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for schizo-affective disorder (16 schizomanic and 16 schizodepressive) and 32 matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups. RESULTS: Controls showed activation in a network of frontal and other areas and also deactivation in the medial frontal cortex, the precuneus and the parietal cortex. Schizo-affective patients activated significantly less in prefrontal, parietal and temporal regions than the controls, and also showed failure of deactivation in the medial frontal cortex. When task performance was controlled for, the reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the failure of deactivation of the medial frontal cortex remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Schizo-affective disorder shows a similar pattern of reduced frontal activation to schizophrenia. The disorder is also characterized by failure of deactivation suggestive of default mode network dysfunction

Antiretroviral Simplification with Darunavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy in Routine Clinical Practice: Safety, Effectiveness, and Impact on Lipid Profile

Simplification of antiretroviral treatment (ART) with darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) monotherapy has achieved sustained suppression of plasma viral load (pVL) in clinical trials; however, its effectiveness and safety profile has not been evaluated in routine clinical practice.We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of HIV-1-infected patients who initiated DRV/r monotherapy once daily with a pVL <50 copies/mL under ART and at least 1 subsequent follow-up visit in our clinic. The primary study endpoints were the percentage of patients with virological failure (VF, defined as 2 consecutive pVL>50 copies/mL) at week 48, and time to VF. Other causes of treatment discontinuation and changes in lipid profile were evaluated up to week 48. Ninety-two patients were followed for a median (IQR) of 73 (57-92) weeks. The median baseline and nadir CD4+ T-cell counts were 604 (433-837) and 238 (150-376) cells/mm3, respectively. Patients had previously received a median of 5 (3-9) ART lines and maintained a pVL<50 copies/mL for a median of 76 (32-176) weeks before initiating DRV/r monotherapy. Nine (9.8%) patients developed VF at week 48; time to VF was 47.1 (IQR: 36.1-47.8) weeks among patients with VF. Other reasons for changing ART were gastrointestinal disturbances (n = 3), rash (n = 1), and impaired CD4 recovery (n = 2). Median low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased from 116.1 mg/dL at baseline to 137.3 mg/dL at 48 weeks (p = 0.001).Treatment simplification with DRV/r monotherapy seems safe and effective in routine clinical practice. Further research is needed to elucidate the effect of DRV/r monotherapy on cholesterol levels

Detección de grasa de cerdo en caldo deshidratado

The detection of lard in food products is of special interest for reasons of quality, dietetics or religious belief. Works carried out to date have mainly concerned fatty mixtures with others food components. This work studies a complex food products (dehydrated stock model) containing hydrogenated palm and beef fat. An appraisal is carried out regarding the detection sensitivity to the addition of 0.2% lard, using data on sterols and fatty acids in the β position. This last model only appears reliable for the goal proposed.La detección de grasa de cerdo en un producto alimentario presenta un gran interés por motivos de calidad, dietéticos o de creencias religiosas. Los trabajos realizados hasta el presente han incidido fundamentalmente en mezclas de grasas. En el presente trabajo se estudia un alimento complejo (modelo de caldo deshidratado) que contiene grasa de palma hidrogenada y grasa de buey. Se valora la sensibilidad de detección frente a la adición de un 0,2% de grasa de cerdo utilizando datos de esteroles y de los ácidos grasos en posición β. Sólo este último método aparece fiable para el objetivo propuesto

Monotherapy with boosted protease inhibitors as antiretroviral treatment simplification strategy in the clinical setting

Antiretroviral treatment simplification with darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy maintains sustained HIV viremia suppression in clinical trials. However, data about the efficacy of this strategy in routine clinical practice is still limited, and no direct comparison between darunavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir has been performed to date. We retrospectively studied all HIV-1-infected subjects who initiated monotherapy with darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir while having plasma VL&#60;50 c/mL, and had at least 1 subsequent follow-up visit in our clinic. When two consecutive PI-monotherapy regimens were used, each regimen was considered separately. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who maintained virological suppression (HIV-1 VL &#60;50 c/mL) through follow-up. Virological failure was defined as at least two consecutive HIV-1 VL &#x003E;50 c/mL. We also evaluated other reasons for treatment discontinuation. Analyses were performed considering all regimens (full dataset analysis) either as &#x201C;on treatment&#x201D; or as &#x201C;treatment switch equals failure&#x201D;. Five hundred and seventy-three PI-monotherapy regimens corresponding to 520 subjects were included, 262 with darunavir/ritonavir and 311 with lopinavir/ritonavir. Medians (IQR) follow-up were 50 (26.3&#x2013;107.6) and 85.6 (36.9&#x2013;179.1) weeks for subjects on darunavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir, respectively (p&#60;0.001). Overall, 67 (11.7%) subjects experienced virological failure, 23 (8.7%) were on darunavir/ritonavir and 42 (13.5%) were on lopinavir/ritonavir (p=0.796). Two hundred and three (77.5%) patients on darunavir/ritonavir and 154 (49.5%) on lopinavir/ritonavir maintained virological suppression in the &#x201C;treatment switch equals failure&#x201D; (p=0.002). Other reasons for treatment discontinuation were gastrointestinal toxicity and dyslipidemia in 7.2% and 5.9% of cases, respectively. Gastrointestinal toxicities and dyslipidemia leading to treatment discontinuation were more frequent in patients on lopinavir/ritonavir (10.6% and 10.3%, respectively) than in patients on darunavir/ritonavir (3.1% and 0.8%, respectively). Monotherapy with darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir as simplification strategy appears to be effective and safe in subjects with virological suppression in clinical practice. Virological efficacy seems to be similar between regimens. However, rates of discontinuation due to toxicities were higher in subjects on lopinavir/ritonavir than darunavir/ritonavir

El Sistema Alimentario Global: estudio de la percepción social en Cataluña

The conceptual model on the Global Food System (GFS) formulated by Clotet and others (2013), is articulated around four axes: Availability, Economy, Politics and Knowledge (knowledge, social behavior and culture). In this model, each of these axes has the same significance or weighting and for the quantitative study of results, concepts and methods of Compositional Data Analysis are applied (Jarauta-Bragulat et al., 2018). The purpose of this paper is to study and characterize the social perception in Catalonia of the relative importance (weighting) of each of the four axes of the aforementioned model. The study is carried out through the statistical analysis of the results of a survey completed by people who make up a random sample within the territory of Catalonia. The results of this survey are intended to analyze whether the equal balancing of the model axis is adequate or, on the contrary, the weights should be modified in that territory and, in this way, apply a more refined and representative weighting of reality. Several aspects are exposed and commented on: the design of the questionnaire, the data collection, the application of statistical sampling techniques (stratification by quotas and weighting of the strata), polish debugging techniques, as well as profiling techniques to differentiate groups between the variables of the food system and the sociodemographic characteristics that determine them. Based on the results, conclusions are stated. Main conclusions are: adequacy of the theoretical framework of the global food system to articulate the study (Colomer and Jarauta-Bragulat, 2016); adequacy of cluster analysis as a tool and obtaining four differentiated groups; obtaining a relative weight on the axes of the food system model; valuing availability and economy above the other two axes and, lastly, the need for greater food training for citizens for the collective benefit and for each of its members.El modelo conceptual sobre el Sistema Alimentario Global (SAG) formulado por Clotet y otros (2013), se articula en torno a cuatro ejes: disponibilidad, economía, política y saber (conocimiento, comportamiento social y cultura). En este modelo cada uno de estos ejes tiene la misma significación o ponderación, y para el estudio cuantitativo de resultados se aplican conceptos y métodos del Análisis de Datos Composicionales (Jarauta-Bragulat y otros, 2018). El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estudiar y caracterizar la percepción social en Cataluña de la importancia relativa (ponderación) de cada uno de los cuatro ejes del referido modelo. El estudio se lleva a cabo mediante el análisis estadístico de los resultados de una encuesta cumplimentada por personas que componen una muestra aleatoria dentro del territorio de Cataluña. Con los resultados de esta encuesta se pretende analizar si la igual ponderación inicial de los ejes en el modelo de SAG es adecuada o, por el contrario, los pesos deben modificarse en esta comunidad autónoma y, de este modo, aplicar una ponderación más afinada y representativa de la realidad social de Cataluña. Se exponen y comentan diversos aspectos: el diseño del cuestionario, la recopilación de los datos, la aplicación de técnicas estadísticas de muestreo (estratificación por cuotas y ponderación de los estratos), técnicas de depuración de encuestas, así como técnicas de profiling para diferenciar grupos entre las variables del sistema alimentario y las características sociodemográficas que los determinan. A partir de los resultados se formulan las conclusiones del trabajo, entre las que cabe destacar: adecuación del marco teórico del SAG (Colomer y Jarauta-Bragulat, 2016) para articular el estudio, adecuación del análisis clúster como herramienta y obtención de cuatro grupos diferenciados, obtención de una ponderación relativa en los ejes del modelo de sistema alimentario, valoración de la disponibilidad y la economía por encima de los otros dos ejes y, por último, necesidad de una mayor formación alimentaria de la ciudadanía para beneficio colectivo y de cada uno de sus miembros

Clinical and Emotional Factors Related to Erectile Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Men

Altres ajuts: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by a grant from Lluita contra la Sida Foundation.The prevalence and associated factors of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected men remain controversial. The authors evaluated ED, clinical, and emotional variables in a group of 501 HIV-infected men in a cross-sectional 4-month observational study. ED was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 and emotional status using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) questionnaire. Median age (interquartile range) was 42 (35, 48) years. Time since HIV diagnosis was 6.3 (2.6, 17.1) years, 92% were taking antiretroviral treatment and 81.8% had an HIV-RNA viral load <50 copies. The prevalence of ED was 58.5%. ED was mild in 30.1%, mild to moderate in 19.5%, moderate in 6.1%, and severe in 2.5%. ED medications were used by 19% of men. In the univariate analysis, the variables associated with all degrees of ED were older age, longer time since HIV diagnosis, higher scores in HAD, not taking efavirenz, taking etravirine, taking ritonavir, HIV/Hepatitis C Virus coinfection, and taking a protease inhibitor-containing regimen. For mild to moderate, moderate, and severe ED, the same variables were significant, as were lower nadir CD4 cell count, lower social support, taking atazanavir, concomitant conditions, and concomitant treatments. The variables that remained significant in the multivariate analyses, considering all degrees of ED or excluding mild ED were the following: older age and higher scores in HAD total. In summary, ED affected more than half of this cohort of well controlled HIV-infected men. Age and emotional status seemed to play a fundamental role in its presence