15 research outputs found

    Air Travel and Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review

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    CONTEXT: Despite multiple attempts to document and quantify the danger of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following prolonged travel, there is still uncertainty about the magnitude of risk and what can be done to lower it. OBJECTIVES: To review the methodologic strength of the literature, estimate the risk of travel-related VTE, evaluate the efficacy of preventive treatments, and develop evidence-based recommendations for practice. DATA SOURCES: Studies identified from MEDLINE from 1966 through December 2005, supplemented by a review of the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and relevant bibliographies. STUDY SELECTION: We included all clinical studies that either reported primary data concerning travel as a risk factor for VTE or tested preventive measures for travel-related VTE. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers reviewed each study independently to assess inclusion criteria, classify research design, and rate methodologic features. The effect of methodologic differences, VTE risk, and travel duration on VTE rate was evaluated using a logistic regression model. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty-four published reports, totaling 25 studies, met inclusion criteria (6 case-control studies, 10 cohort studies, and 9 randomized controlled trials). Method of screening for VTE [screening ultrasound compared to usual clinical care, odds ratio (OR) 390], outcome measure [all VTE compared to pulmonary embolism (PE) only, OR 21], duration of travel (<6 hours compared to 6–8 hours, OR 0.011), and clinical risk (“higher” risk travelers compared to “lower,” OR 3.6) were significantly related to VTE rate. Clinical VTE after prolonged travel is rare [27 PE per million flights diagnosed through usual clinical care, 0.05% symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed through screening ultrasounds], but asymptomatic thrombi of uncertain clinical significance are more common. Graduated compression stockings prevented travel-related VTE (P < 0.05 in 4 of 6 studies), aspirin did not, and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) showed a trend toward efficacy in one study. CONCLUSIONS: All travelers, regardless of VTE risk, should avoid dehydration and frequently exercise leg muscles. Travelers on a flight of less than 6 hours and those with no known risk factors for VTE, regardless of the duration of the flight, do not need DVT prophylaxis. Travelers with 1 or more risk factors for VTE should consider graduated compression stockings and/or LMWH for flights longer than 6 hours

    Embolies pulmonaires de vols longs courriers

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    Etude rĂ©trospective (1990-2002) ayant inclus 135 embolies pulmonaires (EP) survenues au cours ou au dĂ©tours d'un voyage en avion long-courrier, initialement prises en charge par les services mĂ©dicaux des AĂ©roports de Paris, Orly et Roissy Charles de Gaulle, et secondairement confirmĂ©es en hĂŽpital par scintigraphie pulmonaire de ventilation-perfusion de haute probabilitĂ©, angiographie pulmonaire, angioscanner spiralĂ© ou anatomo-pathologie. La frĂ©quence de survenue retrouvĂ©e sur la pĂ©riode Ă©tudiĂ©e est de 1 passager sur 200 000, mais est sous-estimĂ©e car ne concerne que les sujets symptomatiques au moment de dĂ©barquement et n'inclue pas les dĂ©cĂšs de diagnostic non confirmĂ©. Nette prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine : 76,3% alors que les femmes constituent moins de 40% des passagers et seulement 55% des registre d'EP. 8% seulement du total des passagers Ă  l'arrivĂ©e Ă  Paris ont effectuĂ© des vols de 12h ou plus, alors que prĂšs de 70% de ceux qui ont fait une embolie pulmonaire ont effectuĂ© des vols de 12h ou plus. 41% des sujets ne prĂ©sentaient, autre que le voyage lui-mĂȘme, aucun facteur de risque particulier pour l'embolie pulmonaire, mĂȘme aprĂšs bilan. 23% seulement avaient des facteurs de haut risque d'embolie pulmonaire. Seulement 32% avaient une phlĂ©bite associĂ©e. Pour 84% des cas, cet Ă©pisode Ă©tait le premier Ă©vĂ©nement thrombotique dans la vie des patients. 74% des EP sont survenues sur des vols de nuits. 5 sur les 135 ont prĂ©sentĂ© un QVC par embolie paradoxale sur foramen ovale permĂ©able et 13 un ACR initial. Les embolies pulmonaires Ă©taient toutes graves,inaugurĂ©es par un malaise (97%) ou une syncope au lever ou dans la passerelle (68%), dyspnĂ©e (65%), douleur thoracique (30%)?PARIS7-Villemin (751102101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Prévention de la maladie thromboembolique veineuse profonde en voyage aérien

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    La relation entre la survenue de maladie thromboembolique veineuse profonde et les voyages aĂ©riens a Ă©tĂ© Ă©voquĂ©e pour la premiĂšre fois par Homans en 1954. Depuis, de nombreuses Ă©tudes ont tentĂ©es de prouver l'existence d'un lien. L'augmentation considĂ©rable du trafic aĂ©rien au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies a accrue l'incidence des thromboses et a amenĂ© les medias Ă  s'intĂ©resser au problĂšme. La physiopathologie de la maladie, et les particularitĂ©s physiologiques du voyage aĂ©rien permettent de comprendre la formation du thrombus, de dĂ©terminer les facteurs de risque propre au vol et au passager, et ainsi d'en envisager la prĂ©vention. Une Ă©tude menĂ©e auprĂšs de gĂ©nĂ©ralistes enseignants de la facultĂ© Paris Ile de France ouest, montre une bonne connaissance de ces facteurs de risque et une pratique prĂ©ventive relativement homogĂšne. Cependant, certains restent sans rĂ©ponse aux questions que peuvent leur poser un patient avant un long vol, traduisant probablement l'absence d'une attitude clairement dĂ©finie par la littĂ©rature. Un exemple de conduite Ă  tenir et de conseils Ă  prodiguer au voyageur, concernant la prĂ©vention de la maladie thromboembolique profonde est nĂ©cessaire. Pour autant, le gĂ©nĂ©raliste ne doit pas ĂȘtre le seul acteur de cette prĂ©vention mais l'effort doit ĂȘtre collectif, tant au niveau des compagnies aĂ©riennes que des pouvoirs publics.The relation between venous thromboembolic disease and airplane trip was sugested for the first time by Homans in 1954. Since, several studies tried to prove the existence of this link. The considerable increase of the air traffic during the last decades increased the incidence of thromboses and led the media to be intersted in the problem. The physiopathology of this disease and the physiological characteristics of the air trip allow to understand the formation of the thrombus, to determine the risk factors linked with the flight and the passenger and to consider the prevention of it. A study made near teaching general practitioner of Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest faculty shows a good knowledge of these tisk factors and a homogenous preventive management. However, some of them cannot answer to the questions which can ask them a patient before a long flight, showing the absence of clear guidelines. Concerning the prevention and the management before air travels these guidelines are necessary. The general practitioner should not be the only actor of this prevention but hte work must be collective, including the airline companies and the governments.ST QUENTIN EN YVELINES-BU (782972101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
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