Human fibrinogen and thrombin patch for extraluminal protection of intestinal anastomosis

AbstractIn spite of recent advances regarding equipment and surgical techniques in colorectal surgery, rates of anastomotic dehiscence (AD) have remained stable throughout the years. The development of products to protect anastomosis aiming the reduction of AD rates has shown to be promising. Human fibrinogen and thrombin patch (HFTP Tachosil®) have been used in experimental studies in animals and small case series in humans, with promising results. In this study, the authors describe the technique of HFTP use in details, aiming the protection of colorectal anastomosis, and retrospectively demonstrate the preliminary results in a pilot case series. HFTP was used in 4 patients submitted to conventional surgery. The procedures performed were: left colon resection, segmental colectomy (both for colorectal cancer), enteral anastomosis for fistula closure and right ileocolectomy. Anastomotic healing and absence of complications were observed in 3 patients, and the patient submitted to right ileocolectomy developed AD and died after reoperation. The use of HFTP is safe and can be indicated in selected cases. However, AD can occur even after the use of this strategy. Randomized controlled trials with larger samples of patients are needed in order to properly define the real benefits of this strategy in dehiscence preventio

Feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric and colorectal lesions: Initial experience from the Gastrocentro - Unicamp

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a technique developed in Japan for en bloc resection with a lower rate of recurrence. It is considered technically difficult and performed only in specialized centers. This study sought to report the initial experience from the Gastrocentro - Campinas State University for the treatment of gastric and colorectal lesions by endoscopic submucosal dissection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The guidelines of the Japanese Association of Gastric Cancer were used as evaluative criteria. For colorectal lesions, the recommended standards proposed by Uraoka et al. and Saito et al. were employed. The practicability of the method, the development of complications and histological analysis of the specimens were evaluated. RESULTS: Sixteen patients underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection from June 2010 to April 2011; nine patients were treated for gastric lesions, and seven were treated for colorectal lesions. The average diameter of the gastric lesions was 28.6 mm, and the duration of resection was 103 min without complications. All lesions presented lesion-free margins. Of the seven colorectal tumors, four were located in the rectum and three were located in the colon. The average size was 26 mm, and the average procedure time was 163 min. Two complications occurred during the rectal resection procedures: perforation, which was treated with an endoscopic clip, and controlled bleeding. One of the lesions presented a compromised lateral margin without relapse after 90 days. Depth margins were all free of lesions. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic submucosal dissection at our institution achieved high success rates, with few complications in preliminary procedures. The procedure also made appropriate lesion staging possible

Tissue expresion of the genes mutyh and ogg1 in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer

sem informaçãoMTUYH and OGG1 genes have importance in the base excision repair systems of oxidized DNA bases. Modification of the tissue expression of these genes is related to the increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Aim: To evaluate the tissue expression o30298102sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã

Adenocarcinoma of the right colon in a patient with bloom syndrome

Bloom syndrome (BS) is an inherited disorder due to mutation in BLM gene. The diagnosis of BS should be considered in patients with growth retardation of prenatal onset, a photosensitive rash in a butterfly distribution over the cheeks, and an increased risk of cancer at an early age. Clinical manifestations also include short stature, dolichocephaly, prominent ears, micrognathia, malar hypoplasia and a high-pitched voice, immunodeficiency, type II diabetes, and hypogonadism associated with male infertility and female subfertility. The aim of this report is to describe case of patient with BS who developed adenocarcinoma of the cecum, successfully treated by right colectomy. Case Report. A 40-year-old man underwent colonoscopy to investigate the cause of his diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia. The patient knew that he was a carrier of BS diagnosed at young age. The colonoscopy showed an expansive and vegetating mass with 5.5 cm in diameter, located within the ascending colon. Histopathological analysis of tissue fragments collected during colonoscopy confirmed the presence of tubular adenocarcinoma, and he was referred for an oncological right colectomy. The procedure was performed without complications, and the patient was discharged on the fifth postoperative day. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the presence of a grade II tubular adenocarcinoma (stage IIA). The patient is currently well five years after surgery, without clinical or endoscopic signs of relapse in a multidisciplinary approach for the monitoring of comorbidities related to BS. Conclusion. Despite the development of colorectal cancer to be, a possibility rarely described the present case shows the need for early screening for colorectal cancer in all patients affected by B

Fine-tuning pre-trained neural networks for medical image classification in small clinical datasets

Funding We would like to acknowledge eurekaSD: Enhancing University Research and Education in Areas Useful for Sustainable Development - grants EK14AC0037 and EK15AC0264. We thank Araucária Foundation for the Support of the Scientific and Technological Development of Paraná through a Research and Technological Productivity Scholarship for H. D. Lee (grant 028/2019). We also thank the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) through the grant number 142050/2019-9 for A. R. S. Parmezan. The Portuguese team was partially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). R. Fonseca-Pinto was financed by the projects UIDB/50008/2020, UIDP/50008/2020, UIDB/05704/2020 and UIDP/05704/2020 and C. V. Nogueira was financed by the projects UIDB/00013/2020 and UIDP/00013/2020. The funding agencies did not have any further involvement in this paper.Convolutional neural networks have been effective in several applications, arising as a promising supporting tool in a relevant Dermatology problem: skin cancer diagnosis. However, generalizing well can be difficult when little training data is available. The fine-tuning transfer learning strategy has been employed to differentiate properly malignant from non-malignant lesions in dermoscopic images. Fine-tuning a pre-trained network allows one to classify data in the target domain, occasionally with few images, using knowledge acquired in another domain. This work proposes eight fine-tuning settings based on convolutional networks previously trained on ImageNet that can be employed mainly in limited data samples to reduce overfitting risk. They differ on the architecture, the learning rate and the number of unfrozen layer blocks. We evaluated the settings in two public datasets with 104 and 200 dermoscopic images. By finding competitive configurations in small datasets, this paper illustrates that deep learning can be effective if one has only a few dozen malignant and non-malignant lesion images to study and differentiate in Dermatology. The proposal is also flexible and potentially useful for other domains. In fact, it performed satisfactorily in an assessment conducted in a larger dataset with 746 computerized tomographic images associated with the coronavirus disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Epidemiological profile of 175 patients with Crohn's disease submitted to biological therapy

INTRODUCTION: There is currently an increasing use of biological agents in the management of Crohn's disease (CD). There is lack of data regarding the epidemiological profile of patients on infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) for CD in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To identify the epidemiological characteristics of patients with CD who underwent biological therapy. METHOD: Retrospective multicenter study, with CD patients on biological therapy. Analyzed variables: gender, age at treatment initiation, Montreal classification, concomitant perianal disease and smoking status. RESULTS: 175 patients without previous exposure to biological agents were included, 93 (53%) were male. The mean age at treatment initiation was 35.5 (2-79) years old an the mean disease duration was 46.9 (0-480) months. Overall, 117 (66.9%) patients used IFX and 58 (33.1%), ADA. Montreal classification: age at diagnosis ― A1 (n=21; 12%), A2 (n=102; 58.3%), and A3 (n=52; 29.7%). CD location ― L1 (n=42; 24%), L2 (n=51; 29.1%), L3 (n=81; 46.3%), and L4 (n=1, 0.6%). Phenotype ―B1 (n=59; 33.7%), B2 (n=46; 26.3%), and B3 (n=70; 40%). Perianal disease was found in 89 (50.9%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological profile of patients was similar to the literature. There was a high prevalence of patients with fistulizing CD.INTRODUÇÃO: Atualmente há uso crescente dos agentes biológicos no manejo da doença de Crohn (DC). Há escassez de dados referentes ao perfil epidemiológico dos usuários de infliximabe (IFX) e adalimumabe (ADA) para DC no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Identificar as características epidemiológicas dos pacientes com DC submetidos à terapia biológica. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo, multicêntrico, com portadores de DC que utilizaram terapia biológica. Variáveis analisadas: gênero, idade ao início do tratamento, classificação de Montreal, doença perianal concomitante e tabagismo. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 175 pacientes, sem exposição prévia a biológicos, sendo 93 (53%) homens. A média de idade no início do tratamento biológico foi de 35,5 (2-79) anos. O tempo médio de doença ao início do tratamento foi de 46,9 (0-480) meses. Do total da amostra, 117 (66,9%) utilizaram IFX e 58 (33,1%) ADA. Classificação de Montreal: idade ao diagnóstico ― A1 (n=21; 12%), A2 (n=102; 58,3%) e A3 (n=52; 29,7%). Localização da DC ― L1 (n=42; 24%), L2 (n=51; 29,1%), L3 (n=81; 46,3%) e L4 (n=1; 0,6%). Forma de apresentação ― B1 (n=59; 33,7%), B2 (n=46; 26,3%) e B3 (n=70; 40%). Doença perianal foi encontrada em 89 (50,9%) dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados epidemiológicos dos pacientes foram compatíveis com os da literatura internacional. Houve uma alta prevalência de pacientes com a forma fistulizante da DC.39540

Influência do choque hemorrágico na anastomose de cólon em ratos: avaliação com teste de resistência à pressão de ruptura

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of hemorrhagic shock in colonic anastomoses in rats, with a rupture by liquid distension resistance test. METHODS: Wistar lineage rats, averaging 90 days old and weighing from 310 to 380 grams were divided into two groups. In the first group (G1), 10 animals were submitted to colonic anastomoses in normovolemic terms and the second group (G2), of 10 animals, was submitted to colonic anastomoses in hypovolemic conditions. The shock was caused by half milliliter of blood withdrawn, every two minutes, until the value of average 50mmHg arterial pressure or a total volume corresponding 30% withdrawal of volemia was reached. Serum lactate dosages were carried out at the beginning and end of the procedure. The average serum lactate values at the end of the surgery were 1.91 mmol/l in G1 group and 3.69 mmol/l in G2 group (p0.05). CONCLUSION: Hemorrhagic shock, under the established conditions of this study, had no influence on colonic anastomoses in rats evaluated with the rupture by liquid distention resistance test.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do choque hemorrágico em anastomoses de cólon em ratos, com teste de ruptura à distensão por líquido. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados ratos da linhagem Wistar, com idade aproximada de 90 dias e peso variando de 310 gramas a 380 gramas. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo o grupo G1, composto por 10 animais submetidos à anastomose de cólon em condições de normovolemia e o grupo G2, composto por 10 animais submetidos à anastomose de cólon em condições de hipovolemia. O choque foi instalado através da retirada de meio mililitro de sangue a cada dois minutos, até que se atingissem valores de pressão arterial média (PAM) de 50mmHg ou volume total de retirada correspondente a 30% da volemia. Foram realizadas dosagens séricas de lactato (mmol/l) no início do procedimento e ao término do mesmo. Os valores séricos médios de lactato ao término da cirurgia foram de 1,91 mmMol/l no grupo G1 e de 3,69 mmMol/l no grupo G2 (p0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A presença de choque hemorrágico, nas condições estabelecidas neste estudo, não exerce influência em anastomoses de cólon em ratos, avaliadas com teste de ruptura à distensão por líquido.23724