Medicalización global, TDAH y niñeces. un estudio en medios de comunicación de 7 países

The aim is to analyze research results in seven countries in Asia, America,Europe and Oceania, to know which social actors are represented in the media on ADHD, inwhat ways and with what effects. We support the argument in three axes: ADHD as aparadigmatic example of the medicalization of children's mental health; ADHD in childhood asa global diagnosis; and the media as a relevant non-medical actor in the globalization of ADHDdiagnosis. A corpus of 28 pieces of specific bibliography (books, book chapters and scientificarticles) was formed. We consider the contributions of the medicalization of society as atheoretical-conceptual reference. The multiplicity of media discourses about ADHD inchildren, and the articulation of non-medical social actors in the processes of globalmedicalization of ADHD are discuss.O objetivo é analisar os resultados da pesquisa em sete países da Ásia, América, Europa e Oceania, para saber quais atores sociais estão representados na mídia sobre TDAH, de que forma e com quais efeitos. Apoiamos o argumento em três eixos: TDAH como exemplo paradigmático da medicalização da saúde mental das crianças; TDAH na infância como diagnóstico global; e a mídia como um ator não médico relevante na globalização do diagnóstico de TDAH. Foi formado um corpus de 28 peças de bibliografia específica (livros, capítulos de livros e artigos científicos). Tomamos como referência teórico-conceitual as contribuições da corrente da medicalização da sociedade. Discute a multiplicidade de discursos midiáticas sobre TDAH em crianças, e sobre a articulação de atores sociais não médicos nos processos de medicalização global do TDAH.El objetivo es analizar resultados de investigaciones en siete países de Asia, América, Europa y Oceanía, para conocer qué actores sociales aparecen representados en los medios de comunicación sobre el TDAH, de qué maneras y con qué efectos. Sustentamos la argumentación en tres ejes: el TDAH como ejemplo paradigmático de la medicalización de la salud mental infantil; el TDAH en la infancia como diagnóstico global; y los medios de comunicación como actor no médico relevante en la globalización del diagnóstico de TDAH. Se conformó un corpus de 28 piezas de bibliografía específica (libros, capítulos de libros y artículos científicos). Tomamos como referencia teórico-conceptual los aportes de la corriente de la medicalización de la sociedad. Se discute acerca de la multiplicidad de discursos mediáticos acerca del TDAH en las niñeces, y sobre la articulación de actores sociales no médicos en los procesos de medicalización global del TDAH.Fil: Bianchi, Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; ArgentinaFil: Oberti, Milagros. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; ArgentinaFil: Faraone, Silvia Adriana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; ArgentinaFil: Torricelli, Flavia Claudia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentin

Enhancement of Micronuclei Frequency in the Tradescantia/Micronuclei Test Using a Long Recovery Time

The Tradescantia/micronuclei test (TRAD/MCN) is a well-validated test for monitoring environmental genotoxicants. These pollutants induce at the early meiotic stage of pollen mother cells chromosome fragments which become micronuclei at the tetrad stage. The standard test protocol requires some hours of exposure of the inflorescences and a recovery time of about 24 hours to reach the early tetrad stage. Since the recovery period represents a critical step of the TRAD/MCN, experiments were performed to establish its length in plants of clone #4430 of the hybrid T. hirsutiflora x T. subacaulis which is widely used in environmental monitoring. The aim of the present research was to ascertain the exact duration of recovery time in order to improve the sensitivity of the TRAD/MCN test. First, studies were performed to select the flowers at the beginning of the meiosis, and then anthers were sampled and studied for a period of 48-86 hours. The complete meiosis in the plants examined required about 80 hours. Second, exposure to genotoxic substances followed by different recovery times was carried out to demonstrate that effectiveness of the TRAD/MCN test is closely related to the duration of the recovery time. The test was carried out by exposing inflorescences to known mutagens (sodium azide and maleic hydrazide) for six hours followed by different recovery times (24-72 hours). The results showed that the frequency of micronuclei in the pollen mother cells increased with the length of the recovery time

Robotic Monitoring of Habitats: The Natural Intelligence Approach

In this paper, we first discuss the challenges related to habitat monitoring and review possible robotic solutions. Then, we propose a framework to perform terrestrial habitat monitoring exploiting the mobility of legged robotic systems. The idea is to provide the robot with the Natural Intelligence introduced as the combination of the environment in which it moves, the intelligence embedded in the design of its body, and the algorithms composing its mind. This approach aims to solve the challenges of deploying robots in real natural environments, such as irregular and rough terrains, long-lasting operations, and unexpected collisions, with the final objective of assisting humans in assessing the habitat conservation status. Finally, we present examples of robotic monitoring of habitats in four different environments: forests, grasslands, dunes, and screes

Alternative Pathways of Cancer Cell Death by Rottlerin: Apoptosis versus Autophagy

Since the ability of cancer cells to evade apoptosis often limits the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, autophagy is emerging as an alternative target to promote cell death. Therefore, we wondered whether Rottlerin, a natural polyphenolic compound with antiproliferative effects in several cell types, can induce cell death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The MCF-7 cell line is a good model of chemo/radio resistance, being both apoptosis and autophagy resistant, due to deletion of caspase 3 gene, high expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, and low expression of the autophagic Beclin-1 protein. The contribution of autophagy and apoptosis to the cytotoxic effects of Rottlerin was examined by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopic examination and by western blotting analysis of apoptotic and autophagic markers. By comparing caspases-3-deficient (MCF-73def) and caspases-3-transfected MCF-7 cells (MCF-73trans), we found that Rottlerin induced a noncanonical, Bcl-2-, Beclin 1-, Akt-, and ERK-independent autophagic death in the former- and the caspases-mediated apoptosis in the latter, in not starved conditions and in the absence of any other treatment. These findings suggest that Rottlerin could be cytotoxic for different cancer cell types, both apoptosis competent and apoptosis resistant

VASCOVID: hybrid diffuse optical platform combined with a pulse-oximeter and an automatized inflatable tourniquet for the assessment of metabolism and endothelial health in the intensive care

VASCOVID project is developing and testing a hybrid diffuse optical monitor for evaluating endothelial function and metabolism in intensive care including COVID-19

Rottlerin and curcumin: a comparative analysis.

Rottlerin and curcumin are natural plant polyphenols with a long tradition in folk medicine. Over the past two decades, curcumin has been extensively investigated, while rottlerin has received much less attention, in part, as a consequence of its reputation as a selective PKCδ inhibitor. A comparative analysis of genomic, proteomic, and cell signaling studies revealed that rottlerin and curcumin share a number of targets and have overlapping effects on many biological processes. Both molecules, indeed, modulate the activity and/or expression of several enzymes (PKCδ, heme oxygenase, DNA methyltransferase, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) and transcription factors (NF-κB, STAT), and prevent aggregation of different amyloid precursors (α-synuclein, amyloid Aβ, prion proteins, lysozyme), thereby exhibiting convergent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiamyloid actions. Like curcumin, rottlerin could be a promising candidate in the fight against a variety of human diseases

Rottlerin and cancer: novel evidence and mechanisms.

Because cancers are caused by deregulation of hundreds of genes, an ideal anticancer agent should target multiple gene products or signaling pathways simultaneously. Recently, extensive research has addressed the chemotherapeutic potential of plant-derived compounds. Among the ever-increasing list of naturally occurring anticancer agents, Rottlerin appears to have great potentiality for being used in chemotherapy because it affects several cell machineries involved in survival, apoptosis, autophagy, and invasion. The underlying mechanisms that have been described are diverse, and the final, cell-specific, Rottlerin outcome appears to result from a combination of signaling pathways at multiple levels. This paper seeks to summarize the multifocal signal modulatory properties of Rottlerin, which merit to be further exploited for successful prevention and treatment of cancer

Novel PKCs activate ERK through PKD1 in MCF-7 cells

PKCs can have opposite effects on ERK phosphorylation. Novel (n)PKCs can inhibit ERK by phosphorylation of Raf-1, classical and atypical PKCs can activate ERK by removing an inhibitory protein from Raf-1. The aim of this work was to clarify how PMA-activated PKCs lead to ERK activation in MCF-7 cells expressing mainly nPKCs. Using chemical inhibitors and antibodies against PKCs, delivered into cells by the Chariot transfection system, we found that nPKCs activate ERK through transphosphorylation of PKD1, the blockage of which prevented PMA-stimulated ERK activation. We conclude that the nPKCs/PKD1 cascade is determinant for ERK activation by PMA in MCF-7 cells