Il Sistema Solare e la nascita della moderna nozione di caos

Fin dall’antichità ci si è interessati al movimento di stelle e pianeti, tanto a scopo di culto quanto per utilità pratica del vivere quotidiano. I primi filosofi si sono tutti prodigati ad immaginare la forma della Terra e le sue relazioni con gli altri corpi celesti appartenenti al Sistema Solare e questo interesse ha dato origine alla scienza detta Meccanica Celeste, il cui sviluppo sarà determinato dall’introduzione del concetto di orbita. La rivoluzione copernicana, la successiva formulazione delle leggi di Keplero relative all’ellitticità delle orbite, la determinazione dei meccanismi della gravitazione ad opera di Newton forniscono un modello del moto dei corpi celesti legato ad un concetto di stabilità e di ordine del cosmo. Tuttavia, l’arrivo di Poincaré destabilizza questo sistema introducendovi il concetto di caos legato alle risonanze orbitali e spin-orbita. Parlare di caos a proposito del movimento dei corpi celesti non deve evocare immagini di collisioni, di bombardamenti di asteroidi o di catastrofi, perché le orbite, seppur caotiche, sono dotate di una certa stabilità.ope

RF Sounding: Generating Sounds from Radio Frequencies

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Effects of alternative steeping methods on composition, antioxidant property and colour of green, black and oolong tea infusions

Cold water steeping is reported to maximise tea health benefits, but requires long infusion time. In this work, the employment of a brief hot infusion step followed by ice addition was evaluated. The comparison of this innovative method with hot and cold steeping was investigated on green, black and oolong teas. Catechins, xanthines and gallic acid content, antioxidant power, total phenolics and colour analysis were evaluated. Hot infusion shown rapid extractive power, but relevant compound degradation. On the contrary, cold infusion extracted higher level of healthy molecules with slow kinetic. The innovative method achieved in short time similar properties of cold infusion in terms of antioxidant power. As for bioactive compounds, such as gallic acid and epigallocatechin gallate, highest values, about double than in hot infusion, were recorded for green and black teas. This steeping method may represent an alternative approach for industrial beverage preparation

Understanding the hierarchy governance choice of some wineries in Brazil - case study of 3 Brazilian wineries

A decisão da melhor estrutura de governança adotada pelas empresas tem sido objeto de estudo de diversas vertentes teóricas, muitas vezes, dissociadas. Assim, este estudo pretende contribuir para a compreensão dos múltiplos fatores que influenciam nas decisões de governança da empresa, a partir dos argumentos da Economia dos Custos de Transação; da Visão Baseada em Recursos e da Teoria dos Direitos de Propriedade. Para identificar alguns desses fatores, foram analisados ​​três casos na indústria do vinho brasileiro: Miolo, localizada no Vale dos Vinhedos (Sul do Brasil) e no Vale do Rio São Francisco (Nordeste do Brasil); Don Laurindo, localizada no Vale dos Vinhedos; e a Vinibrasil, localizada no Vale do Rio São Francisco. A maioria das vinícolas estudadas produz as uvas utilizadas na produção de vinho. Apenas a Miolo compra uma quantidade insignificante de uvas fora de sua produção. É importante observar que no Brasil, a produção de uva nestas regiões tem uma longa tradição e não é difícil comprar uma quantidade suficiente de uvas destinadas à produção de vinho. Identificou-se que a qualidade das uvas é fácil de ser medida e o custo de compra no mercado é mais barato do que a produção própria. Porém, as vinícolas argumentam que produzem a própria uva para garantir a qualidade das uvas e, consequentemente, do vinho produzido. Entretanto, o nível de especificidade dos ativos presentes na transação entre produtor de uva e vinícola parece, por si só, insuficiente para justificar o uso de forma de governança hierárquica. Assim, o objetivo do artigo é analisar as razões pelas quais essas vinícolas, em grande parte, dependem da forma de governança hierárquica para adquirir suas uvas. O que explica o uso de governança hierárquica, uma vez que tanto a especificidade de ativos como os problemas de mensuração parecem relativamente baixos?Este estudio tiene como objetivo contribuir a la comprensión de los múltiples factores que influyen en las decisiones de gobernanza de las empresas. Para identificar algunos de estos factores, se analizaron tres casos en la industria del vino brasileño: Miolo ubicada en Valle de los Viñedos (sur de Brasil) y en Vale do Rio São Francisco (nordeste de Brasil); Don Laurindo ubicada en Valle de los Viñedos, y ViniBrasil ubicada en Vale do Rio São Francisco. En su mayor parte, las tres empresas producen las uvas que utilizan para su producción de vino. Sólo Miolo compra una cantidad insignificante de las uvas fuera de su producción. Según los estándares brasileños, en estas regiones tiene una larga tradición de producción de uva, y no es difícil comprar suficiente cantidad de uvas para producir vino. Sin embargo, las bodegas están preocupadas también por la calidad de las uvas que se utilizan y la compra de uvas de alta calidad podrían ser tema crítico. Por otro lado, es fácil de medir la calidad de las uvas y el costo para comprar en el mercado es más barato que producir. Por otra parte, también el nivel de especificidad de los activos presentes en la transacción de productor de uva-bodeguero parece, por sí sola, insuficiente para justificar el uso de formas jerárquicas. Entonces, el objetivo del artículo es analizar las razones por las que estas bodegas dependen en gran medida de las formas jerárquicas para adquirir sus vendimiadores entradas. ¿Cómo se explica el uso de la gobernanza jerárquica, teniendo en cuenta que tanto los problemas de especificidad de activos y de medición parecen ser relativamente bajos?This study aims to contribute towards understanding the multiple factors, which influence firm's governance decisions. To identify some of these factors, three cases in the Brazilian wine industry were analyzed: Miolo located in Vale dos Vinhedos (South of Brazil) and in Vale do Rio São Francisco (Northeast of Brazil); Don Laurindo located in Vale dos Vinhedos; and ViniBrasil located in Vale do Rio São Francisco. For the most part, all three firms procure the grapes they use for their wine production in-house. Only Miolo purchases an insignificant amount of grapes outside of its production. By Brazilian standards, these regions have a long tradition of grape production and it is not difficult to purchase sufficient quantity of grapes to produce wine. However, the wineries are concerned also about the quality of the grapes they use and purchasing high-quality grapes might be critical issue. On the other hand, the quality of grapes is easily measured and the cost to buy in the market is cheaper than producing in-house. Furthermore, also the level of asset specificity present in the grape-grower-wine-producer transaction seems, by itself, insufficient to justify the use of hierarchical governance forms. Then, the aim of the article is to analyze the reasons why these wineries largely rely on hierarchy governance forms to procure their grape-inputs. What explains their use of hierarchy governance, given that both asset specificity and measurement problems appear to be relatively low

Effects of Thermal and High-Pressure Processing on Quality Features and the Volatile Profiles of Cloudy Juices Obtained from Golden Delicious, Pinova, and Red Delicious Apple Cultivars

In this study, juices extracted from three apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Pinova, and Red Delicious) were stabilized by means of thermal treatment (TT) and high-pressure processing (HPP, 600 MPa 3 min); pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content, color, and viscosity, as well as volatile profile, were investigated. Qualitative characteristics (pH, titratable acidity, colorimetric parameters, viscosity, and volatile profile) results were significantly influenced by both cultivars and treatments; for example, juice viscosity greatly increased after HPP treatment for Golden Delicious, and after both TT and HPP for Pinova, while no influence of stabilization treatment was registered for Red Delicious juices. Regarding the volatile profile, for Golden Delicious cultivar, HPP treatment determined an increase in volatile compounds for most of the classes considered, leading to a supposed quality implementation. For the other two cultivars, the stabilization treatment that better preserved the volatile profile was the HPP one, even if the results were quite similar to the thermal treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate different time/pressure combinations that could give better results, depending on the specific apple cultivar

TikTok e l’informazione sanitaria

We explore the utility of social media platforms as educational tools, providing a summary of how these sites are used by the public and demonstrating ways these findings may be applied for educational purposes. Over half of the world’s population utilizes social media platforms. More recently, these platforms have increasingly been used for educational purposes. In the field of health, a large portion of the educational content is coming from users with no formal medical or dermatologic training. In nephrology field there are not TikTok accounts. It would be useful to have an institutional account to provide serious, correct and appropriate information before others spread incorrect information

GT2004-54217 VALIDATION OF CESI BLADE LIFE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BY CASE HISTORIES, ON LINE MEASUREMENTS AND IN SITU NDT

ABSTRACT A Life Management System was developed for hot components of large industrial gas turbines, in the form of a software tool for predicting component lives under typical operational transients (normal and also abnormal) and steady-state periods. The method utilises results of previous thermomechanical finite element and finite volume fluid mechanics analyses. The basic idea of this method is using data from structural and aero-thermal analyses (pressures and temperatures), blade life theory and material properties as an input to algorithms, and using operational and historical data to validate the predicted damage amounts. The software developed in this project, of general applicability to all GT models, has been implemented with reference to the geometries, materials and service conditions of a Fiat-Westinghouse model. Keywords INTRODUCTION To obtain a reliable, cost-effective and efficient energy production with a low polluting level it is very important that the engine remains as long as possible in a good condition. Normally maintenance and overhaul intervals are prescribed by the gas turbine manufacturer based on the design know how and on the feedback collated from users' experience. A sufficiently wide statistics to make reliable prediction of component lives is normally available only to the manufacturer; on the opposite each individual user is generally unable to obtain a sufficient statistics on a particular GT model, unless he has several similar machines in his fleet and several years of operation experience. Moreover in several plants gas turbines are operated in variable conditions, so that the scheduled maintenance time intervals originally suggested by the OEM do not result to be the best ones to minimise maintenance costs while optimising plant availability and safety. To obtain a convenient tool to optimise life of hot parts in a GT, a code can be prepared which has capability to calculate their residual life by combining turbine operational history with mechanical analysis algorithms and measured engine parameters. With the support of such a system it is possible for a user to predict the consequences of the different types of turbine operation (start/stop, baseload, trip etc.). This concept A life prediction methodology for large industrial gas turbines was developed also in CESI, dedicated at present to the first stage rotating blades of gas turbines widely used in Italy. In this study, the CESI approach is presented, implemented in

Efecto del ejercicio físico en la amplitud del movimiento articular de las extremidades inferiores de individuos con la enfermedad de Parkinson

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight months of a multimodal program of physical exercise on articular range of motion of the lower limb of patients with Parkinson disease (PD), considering gender and disease stage. Seventeen individuals with PD participated in this study. Participants were assessed before of multimodal program of the physical exercise and after four and eight months of physical exercise. In these periods were evaluated the clinical aspects and articular range of motion of the lower limb. For statistical analysis, patients were distributed according to gender and disease stage. A MANOVA considering exercise, gender and stage of disease, with repeated measures for the first factor, was performed. The clinical results showed regression of disease progression, indicating cognitive decline for women. The articular range of motion improved after four and eight months of physical exercise, especially for the hip and ankle, independent of gender and stage of PD. It was concluded that the multimodal exercise program of the eight months was effective in improving articular range of motion in patients with PD. The benefits of exercise for this physical capacity were independent of gender and severity of PD.El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar el efecto de ocho meses de un programa multimodal de ejercicio físico en la amplitud de movimiento articular de la extremidad inferior de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), considerando género y la etapa de la enfermedad. El estudio incluyó a 17 sujetos con EP idiopática. Los participantes fueron evaluados antes del período de ejecución del programa multimodal de ejercicio físico y tras cuatro y ocho meses de ejercicio físico. Se evaluaron aspectos clínicos y la amplitud de movimiento de las articulaciones de las extremidades inferiores. Para el análisis estadístico, los pacientes fueron agrupados de acuerdo con el género y etapa de la enfermedad, mediante la realización de un MANOVA con factor para ejercicio físico, género y estadio de la enfermedad, con medidas repetidas para el primer factor. Los resultados clínicos mostraron regresión de la progresión de la EP, y el deterioro cognitivo en las mujeres. La amplitud de movimiento articular mejoró tras cuatro y ocho meses de ejercicio físico, especialmente para la cadera y el tobillo, independientemente de su género y etapa de la enfermedad de Parkinson. Se concluyó que el programa multimodal de ejercicio físico de los ocho meses fue eficaz en mejorar la amplitud de movimiento articular en pacientes con EP, y los beneficios independiente del género y la gravedad de la EP.O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de oito meses de um programa multimodal de exercício físico na amplitude de movimento articular do membro inferior de pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP), considerando gênero e estágio da doença. Participaram deste estudo 17 indivíduos com DP idiopática. Os participantes foram avaliados antes do período da execução do programa multimodal de exercício físico e após quatro e oito meses de exercício físico. Foram avaliados aspectos clínicos e a amplitude de movimento das articulações do membro inferior. Para análise estatística, os pacientes foram agrupados de acordo com gênero e estágio da doença, sendo realizada uma MANOVA com fator para exercício físico, gênero e estágio da doença, com medidas repetidas para o primeiro fator. Os resultados clínicos indicaram regressão da progressão da DP, com declínio cognitivo para as mulheres. A amplitude de movimento articular melhorou após quatro e oito meses de exercício físico, principalmente para o quadril e tornozelo, independente de gênero e estágio da doença de Parkinson. Conclui-se que o programa multimodal de exercício físico de oito meses foi eficiente em melhorar a amplitude de movimento articular de pacientes com DP, sendo os benefícios independentes do gênero e da severidade da DP